J/MNRAS/426/2668ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/426/2668doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.74262668CDSNielsen M.T.B.Voss R.Nelemans G.2024-07-19T20:16:39Z2013-09-06T14:53:06ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsupernovaex-ray-sourcesWe present an analysis of Chandra observations of the position of 10 nearby (<25Mpc) Type Ia supernovae, taken before the explosions. No sources corresponding to progenitors were found in any of the observations. We calculated upper limits on the bolometric luminosities of the progenitors assuming blackbody X-ray spectra with temperatures of 30-150eV. This is inspired by the fact that luminous super-soft X-ray sources have been suggested as the direct progenitors of Type Ia supernovae. The upper limits of two supernovae in our sample are comparable to the luminosities of the brightest observed super-soft sources, ruling out such sources as the progenitors of these supernovae. In contrast to Liu et al. (2012ApJ...749..141L), we find that for SN2011fe we can rule out Eddington luminosity systems for blackbody temperatures as low as 40eV. Our findings are consistent with statistical studies comparing the observed Type Ia supernova rate to the number of super-soft sources or the integrated X-ray luminosity in external galaxies. This suggests that either the progenitors of Type Ia supernovae are not accreting, nuclear burning white dwarfs or that they do not look like the classical super-soft sources, e.g. because they are obscured.2012MNRAS.426.2668Nhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/426/2668CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/sn : Asiago Supernova Catalogue (Barbon et al., 1999-)B/chandra : The Chandra Archive Log (CXC, 1999-2013)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/426/2668https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/426/2668http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/426/2668https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/426/2668https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/426/2668http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/426/2668GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/426/2668/SNe (List of studied SNe with upper limit bolometric luminosities (tables 1 and 3 of the paper))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/426/2668/SNe?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/426/2668/SNe?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/426/2668/SNe?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true154.515333321.8350.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/426/2668/table2 (Chandra observations used in this study. All observations are with the ACIS-S detector)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/426/2668/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/426/2668/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/426/2668/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true154.527083321.828250.0055555555555555566/4447 11246 11434 25344 27426 27907 28035 34493 39836 43042https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/426/2668?format=asciiX-raydefaultJ/MNRAS/426/2668/SNeList of studied SNe with upper limit bolometric luminosities (tables 1 and 3 of the paper)NHAbsorbing column densitycm**-2phys.columnDensitydoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSNSupernova namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryn_SN[*] SN 2011fe has 2 entries with 2 NH valuesmeta.notecharGalHost galaxy namemeta.id.parentcharDistDistanceMpcpos.distancefloatr_NHReference for NHmeta.ref;pos.framecharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.maint.expChandra exposure timekstime.duration;obs.exposurefloatn_t.exp[b] Total exposure time is given for the combined image (several observations)meta.notecharCt[0/44] Chandra counts (0.3-1keV) in source regionctphot.count;em.X-rayintEmap30Value of exposure map at position at 30eVs.cm**2time.expodoubleLbol30Unabsorbed 3{sigma} upper limit bolometric luminosity at 30eV (erg/s)1e-07Wphys.luminositydoubleEmap50Value of exposure map at position at 50eVs.cm**2time.expodoubleLbol50Unabsorbed 3{sigma} upper limit bolometric luminosity at 50eV (erg/s)1e-07Wphys.luminositydoubleEmap100Value of exposure map at position at 100eVs.cm**2time.expodoubleLbol100Unabsorbed 3{sigma} upper limit bolometric luminosity at 100eV (erg/s)1e-07Wphys.luminositydoubleEmap150Value of exposure map at position at 150eVs.cm**2time.expodoubleLbol150Unabsorbed 3{sigma} upper limit bolometric luminosity at 150eV (erg/s)1e-07Wphys.luminositydoubleSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.refcharJ/MNRAS/426/2668/table2Chandra observations used in this study. All observations are with the ACIS-S detectorrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintObsIDChandra observation numbermeta.numberintExpTimeExposure timekstime.duration;obs.exposurefloatRAJ2000Pointing right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Pointing declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainSNSN coveredmeta.id;meta.maincharEDateSN explosion datetime.epochnullableODateObservation datetime.epochnullable