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<ri:Resource created="1997-12-09T21:29:26Z" status="active" updated="2025-05-19T09:50:00Z" version="1.2" xmlns:ri="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/RegistryInterface/v1.0" xmlns:vr="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VOResource/v1.0" xmlns:vs="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VODataService/v1.1" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VOResource/v1.0 http://vo.ari.uni-heidelberg.de/docs/schemata/VOResource.xsd http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VODataService/v1.1 http://vo.ari.uni-heidelberg.de/docs/schemata/VODataService.xsd" xsi:type="vs:CatalogService"><title>Galactic PNe statistical distance scale</title><shortName>J/ApJS/98/659</shortName><identifier>ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/98/659</identifier><altIdentifier>doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.20980659</altIdentifier><curation><publisher ivo-id="ivo://CDS">CDS</publisher><creator><name>Zhang C.Y.</name></creator><date role="Updated">1997-12-09T20:29:30Z</date><date role="Created">1997-12-09T21:29:26Z</date><contact><name>CDS support team</name><address>CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France</address><email>cds-question@unistra.fr</email></contact></curation><content><subject>planetary-nebulae</subject><subject>stellar-distance</subject><description>A statistical distance scale is proposed. It is based on the correlation between the ionized mass and the radius and the correlation between the radio continuum surface brightness temperature and the nebular radius. The proposed statistical distance scale is an average of the two distances obtained using the correlations. These correlations, calibrated on the 132 planetary nebulae with well-determined individual distances by Zhang, can reproduce not only the average distance of a sample of Galactic Bulge planetary nebulae exactly at the distance to the Galactic center, but also the expected gaussian distribution of their distances around the Galactic center. This new distance scale is applied to 647 Galactic planetary nebulae. It is estimated that this distance scale can be accurate on average to 35%-50%. Our statistical distance scale is in good agreement with the one recently proposed by Van de Steene and Zijlstra</description><source format="bibcode">1995ApJS...98..659Z</source><referenceURL>https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/98/659</referenceURL><type>Catalog</type><contentLevel>Research</contentLevel><relationship><relationshipType>IsServedBy</relationshipType><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/TAP">TAP VizieR generic service</relatedResource></relationship><relationship><relationshipType>related-to</relationshipType><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/V/84">V/84 : Strasbourg-ESO Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae (Acker+ 1992)</relatedResource></relationship></content><rights>https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html</rights><capability><interface xsi:type="vr:WebBrowser"><accessURL use="full">https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/98/659</accessURL><mirrorURL title="VizieR at IUCAA: Pune, India">https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/98/659</mirrorURL><mirrorURL title="VizieR at SAAO: SAAO, South Africa">http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/98/659</mirrorURL></interface></capability><capability><interface xsi:type="vs:ParamHTTP"><accessURL use="base">https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/98/659</accessURL><mirrorURL title="VizieR at IUCAA: Pune, India">https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/98/659</mirrorURL><mirrorURL title="VizieR at SAAO: SAAO, South Africa">http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/98/659</mirrorURL><queryType>GET</queryType><resultType>text/xml+votable</resultType></interface></capability><capability standardID="ivo://ivoa.net/std/TAP#aux"><interface xsi:type="vs:ParamHTTP" role="std"><accessURL use="base">https://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tap</accessURL></interface></capability><coverage><footprint ivo-id="ivo://ivoa.net/std/moc"/><waveband>Optical</waveband></coverage><tableset><schema><name>default</name><table><name>J/ApJS/98/659/table1</name><description>Planetary nebulae with individually determined distances</description><column><name>recno</name><description>Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.</description><ucd>meta.record</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>Name</name><description>Common name</description><ucd>meta.id;meta.main</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="7*">char</dataType></column><column><name>PK</name><description>Perek &amp; Kohoutek name</description><ucd>meta.id</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="8*">char</dataType></column><column><name>Dist</name><description>Individually determined distance</description><unit>kpc</unit><ucd>pos.distance</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>S5GHz</name><description>5 GHz (6 cm) radio flux density</description><unit>mJy</unit><ucd>phot.flux.density;em.radio.3-6GHz</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>Diam</name><description>Diameter of nebula</description><unit>arcsec</unit><ucd>phys.angSize;src</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>Tb</name><description>Radio Brightness Temperature</description><unit>K</unit><ucd>phys.temperature</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>Rad</name><description>Radius of nebula</description><unit>pc</unit><ucd>phys.size.radius</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>Mi</name><description>Ionized gas mass of nebula</description><unit>solMass</unit><ucd>phys.mass</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>DMi</name><description>Statistical distance derived from mass-radius relation</description><unit>kpc</unit><ucd>pos.distance</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>DTb</name><description>Statistical distance from Tb - R relation</description><unit>kpc</unit><ucd>pos.distance</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>Df</name><description>Mean of DMi and DTb adopted as final result (1)</description><unit>kpc</unit><ucd>pos.distance</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>Delta</name><description>? Fractional difference between Df and Dist</description><unit>%</unit><ucd>pos.distance;arith.ratio</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column></table><table><name>J/ApJS/98/659/table3</name><description>Catalog of statistical distances of planetary nebulae</description><column><name>recno</name><description>Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.</description><ucd>meta.record</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>Name</name><description>Common name</description><ucd>meta.id;meta.main</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="9*">char</dataType></column><column><name>PK</name><description>PK name</description><ucd>meta.id</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="8*">char</dataType></column><column><name>S5GHz</name><description>5 GHz (6 cm) radio flux density</description><unit>mJy</unit><ucd>phot.flux.density;em.radio.3-6GHz</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>Diam</name><description>Diameter of nebula in arcsec</description><unit>arcsec</unit><ucd>phys.angSize;src</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>Ref</name><description>References for the previous columns (1)</description><ucd>meta.ref</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>Tb</name><description>Radio Brightness Temperature</description><unit>K</unit><ucd>phys.temperature</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>DMi</name><description>Statistical distance derived from mass-radius relation</description><unit>kpc</unit><ucd>pos.distance</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>DTb</name><description>Statistical distance from Tb - R relation</description><unit>kpc</unit><ucd>pos.distance</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>Df</name><description>Mean of DMi and DTb adopted as final result (2)</description><unit>kpc</unit><ucd>pos.distance</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>D(VSZ)</name><description>? 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