J/ApJS/282/40ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/282/40CDSPrajapati P.Riechers D.Cox P.Weiss A.Saintonge A.Jones B.,Bakx T.J.L.C.Berta S.van der Werf P.Neri R.Butler K.M.Cooray A.,Ismail D.Baker A.J.Borsato E.Harris A.Ivison R.Lehnert M.,Marchetti L.Messias H.Omont A.Vlahakis C.Yang C.2026-08-27T07:38:54Z2026-08-27T08:32:56ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesinfrared-sourcesredshiftedradio-astronomyco-line-emissioninterstellar-mediumsurveysWe present the first results of Vz-GAL, a high-redshift CO(J=1-0) large survey with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array, targeting 92 Herschel-selected, infrared-luminous, dusty star-forming galaxies at redshifts 1-6. These sources are selected based on having redshifts and mid-/high-J CO transitions from the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array z-GAL survey. We successfully detect CO(J=1-0) emission in 90/92 galaxies at the expected positions and redshifts, including nine tentative detections at 2{sigma}-3{sigma} significance, and CO(J=2-1) emission in 10 of these galaxies. The CO(J=1-0) luminosities suggest apparent gas masses in the range {mu}M_H2_=(2-20)x10^11^({alpha}_CO_/4.0)M_{sun}_, which implies gas depletion times of 50-600Myr. These timescales show similar spread as local ULIRGs, suggesting a self-regulatory mechanism that maintains a consistent star formation rate per unit gas mass in starbursts across redshifts. To quantify the contribution of "excitation correction" factors to gas mass estimates, we calculate median CO line brightness temperature ratios of r21=0.88{\pm}0.25, r31=0.61{\pm}0.22, r41=0.49{\pm}0.15, r51=0.47{\pm}0.13, and r61=0.28{\pm}0.13. Accounting for these corrections results in a reduced scatter in "gas mass-star formation rate" relations. We also find a median log(L'_[CI](^3^P1-^3^P0)/L'_CO(J=1-0))=-0.71+/-0.12 for a subsample of 23 sources, consistent with the ratios derived for local star-forming galaxies. Together, our findings are in agreement with common conditions in the cold gas reservoirs among star-forming galaxies over a broad range in star formation modes, efficiencies, and scales.2026ApJS..282...40Phttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/282/40CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVIII/103 : Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (Oliver+, 2012)VIII/95 : Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (Oliver+, 2012)J/ApJ/706/1364 : SINS survey of high-redshift gal. (Forster Schreiber+, 2009)J/ApJ/719/763 : Millimeter-wave sources in the SPT survey (Vieira+, 2010)J/A+A/532/A90 : PACS Evolutionary Probe (PEP-DR1) catalogs (Lutz+, 2011)J/A+A/557/A66 : Effective SEDs of IR gal. at various z (Bethermin+, 2013)J/ApJ/812/43 : ALMA 870um obs. of HerMES galaxies (Bussmann+, 2015)J/ApJ/820/83 : ALMA galaxy properties in COSMOS field (Scoville+, 2016)J/MNRAS/465/3558 : HATLAS candidate lensed galaxies (Negrello+, 2017)J/ApJS/230/7 : Spectral flux densities from 50MHz to 50GHz (Perley+, 2017)J/ApJS/233/22 : xCOLD GASS catalog (Saintonge+, 2017)J/A+A/608/A144 : Strongly lensed submm galaxies CO spectra (Yang+, 2017)J/MNRAS/473/1751 : Herschel Bright Sources (HerBS) (Bakx+, 2018)J/A+A/628/A71 : CO spectra of 55 LIRGs and ULIRGs (Herrero-Illana+, 2019)J/MNRAS/493/4276 : A search for the lenses in the HerBS sample (Bakx+, 2020)J/A+A/635/A7 : NOEMA redshift of bright Herschel galaxies (Neri+, 2020)J/ApJ/902/78 : ALMA 3mm new sp. redshifts for SPT galaxies (Reuter+, 2020)J/A+A/641/A155 : CO+[CI] emission in distant galaxies (Valentino+, 2020)J/A+A/646/A122 : NOEMA mm reduced data cubes of HerBS-89a (Berta+, 2021)J/MNRAS/517/962 : Metal-rich galaxies dust, CO and [CI] (Dunne+, 2022)J/ApJ/927/149 : Low-J CO line ratios for 152 CO map pairs (Leroy+, 2022)J/MNRAS/510/2261 : H-ATLAS DR3 NIR counterparts in SGP field (Ward+, 2022)J/A+A/678/A28 : z-GAL. III. Physical properties (Berta+, 2023)J/A+A/678/A26 : z-GAL.I. Overview (Cox+, 2023)J/A+A/678/A27 : z-GAL dust continuum properties (Ismail+, 2023)http://vzgal.uni-koeln.de/ : Vz-GAL, a VLA Large Program homepagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/282/40https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/282/40http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/282/40https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/282/40https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/282/40http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/282/40GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/282/40/table3 (Vz-GAL (this work): CO(1-0) line and underlying continuum properties, molecular gas masses, and gas depletion times)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/282/40/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/282/40/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/282/40/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true353.6708333-6.87222220.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/282/40/table4 (Vz-GAL (this work): CO(2-1) line and underlying continuum properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/282/40/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/282/40/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/282/40/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true350.5429167-3.59972220.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/282/40/table5 (Vz-GAL pilot program dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) from Stanley+ (2023ApJ...945...24S))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/282/40/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/282/40/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/282/40/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true203.557791726.08263890.0055555555555555566/4102 10257 10271 10286 10289 10300 10372 10386 10389 10404 10418 10440 10445 10466 10758 17278 17334 17337 17340 17343 17353 17361 17391 17402 17405 17727 17827 17834 17856 17982 17996 18003 18005 18012 18014 18017 18023 18034 18053 18065 18068 18070-18071 18075 18101 18103 18106 18111 18161 18170 18172 18178 18304 18703 18712-18713 18717-18719 18755 18767 18786-18788 18804 19460 19467 19478 21837 21839 21841 21844 21853 21875 21878-21879 25591 25593 25597 25937-25938 25942 25944-25945 25960 25977 26005 26273 26285 26961 26967 27279 27301 27304 28117 28125 35784https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/282/40?format=asciiInfraredRadiodefaultJ/ApJS/282/40/table3Vz-GAL (this work): CO(1-0) line and underlying continuum properties, molecular gas masses, and gas depletion timesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSpeak[0.2/3.63]? Peak flux density of CO(1-0) linemJyphot.flux.density;em.line.CO;stat.maxfloatnullablee_I[0.01/0.4]? Uncertainty in IJy.km/sstat.error;phot.flux;em.line.COfloatnullableSIF1[0.02/1.2]? IF1 band continuum flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;spect.continuum;em.radiofloatnullablee_SIF1[0.01/0.06]? Uncertainty in SIF1mJystat.error;phot.flux.density;spect.continuumfloatnullablel_SIF2Limit flag on SIF2meta.code.errorcharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablem_IDComponent identifier within IDmeta.code.multipcharzspec[1.37/5.4]? Z-GAL-based spectroscopic redshift of galaxiessrc.redshiftfloatnullablel_SpeakLimit flag on Speakmeta.code.errorchare_Speak[0.03/0.4]? Uncertainty in SpeakmJystat.error;phot.flux.density;em.line.COfloatnullableDeltaV[148/1751]? FWHM line width of CO(1-0) linekm/sspect.line.width;em.line.COintnullablee_DeltaV[16/490]? Uncertainty in DeltaVkm/sstat.error;spect.line.width;em.line.COintnullablel_ILimit flag on Imeta.code.errorcharI[0.07/2.3]? Line flux of CO(1-0) lineJy.km/sphot.flux;em.line.COfloatnullablel_muLCOLimit flag on muLCOmeta.code.errorcharmuLCOJ/ApJS/282/40/table4Vz-GAL (this work): CO(2-1) line and underlying continuum propertiesIDSource identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintzspec[3.7/5.4] Z-GAL-based spectroscopic redshift of galaxiessrc.redshiftfloatSpeak[0.78/4.3] Peak flux density of CO(2-1) linemJyphot.flux.density;em.line.CO;stat.maxfloate_SpeakUncertainty in SpeakmJystat.error;phot.flux.density;em.line.COfloatDeltaV[288/691] FWHM line width of CO(2-1) linekm/sspect.line.width;em.line.COinte_DeltaVUncertainty in DeltaVkm/sstat.error;spect.line.width;em.line.COintI[0.26/1.7] Line flux of CO(2-1) lineJy.km/sphot.flux;em.line.COfloate_IUncertainty in IJy.km/sstat.error;phot.flux;em.line.COfloatmuLCOJ/ApJS/282/40/table5Vz-GAL pilot program dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) from Stanley+ (2023ApJ...945...24S)e_DeltaVUncertainty in DeltaVkm/sstat.error;spect.line.width;em.line.COintI[0.06/1.1]? Line flux of CO(1-0) lineJy.km/sphot.flux;em.line.COfloatnullablee_IUncertainty in IJy.km/sstat.error;phot.flux;em.line.COfloatmuLCO