J/ApJS/282/15ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/282/15CDSLiu J.-T.Chen XiOuyang X.-J.Zhang Y.-K.Song S.-M.Zhao Z.Li B.,Xia BoShen Z.-Q.2026-08-25T08:59:13Z2026-08-25T09:27:23ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frinfrared-sourcesradio-astronomyinterstellar-mediumastrophysical-masersWe conducted a 6cm formaldehyde (H2CO) line survey across the northern sky, targeting 3149 high-mass star-forming region candidates selected from the all-sky Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) point-source catalog using the Shanghai TianMa 65m Radio Telescope. This survey detected H2CO absorption lines at 1156 positions and four known maser sources, achieving a detection rate of 36.7%. Among these, 14 candidates exhibited hyperfine structure splitting, all located at high Galactic latitudes (b>3{deg}). The Galactic spatial distribution of H2CO absorption line detections yields a scale height of ~71.8pc. Compared to the WISE infrared colors and magnitudes of 6.7GHz CH3OH masers and hydrogen radio-recombination lines (HRRLs), the distribution of H2CO absorption lines closely resembles that of HRRLs, albeit with higher [W4] magnitudes. The detection of these three lines in the same observational sample enables the classification of H2CO absorption lines into four groups representing distinct evolutionary stages. Variations in H2CO detection proportion, line width, and intensity across these groups probably reflect the influence of star formation feedback on the circumstellar medium during protostellar evolution. Observational updates over six years (2015-2021) of the 6cm H2CO maser in NGC 7538 IRS1 demonstrate that the flux density diverged from the prediction of the rotating ellipsoidal model, highlighting the need for further data to elucidate the maser variability mechanism.2026ApJS..282...15Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/282/15CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVIII/96 : 6-GHz methanol multibeam maser catalogue (Caswell+, 2010-12)II/311 : WISE All-Sky Data Release (Cutri+ 2012)II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)J/A+A/275/67 : Velocity Field of the outer Galaxy (Brand+ 1993)J/MNRAS/301/640 : Ultracompact H II regions studies. II. (Walsh+, 1998)J/ApJS/138/63 : H_2_CO and H{alpha} observations of UC HII (Araya+, 2002)J/ApJ/582/756 : Velocities of HII regions (Kolpak+, 2003)J/A+A/403/1095 : 6.7GHz methanol masers of low-mass YSO (Minier+, 2003)J/ApJ/587/714 : H_2_CO and H{alpha} observations of UC HII (Watson+, 2003)J/ApJS/154/553 : Inner galaxy massive star formation regions (Sewilo+, 2004)J/MNRAS/366/1096 : Kinematic distance ambiguity (Busfield+, 2006)J/ApJ/690/706 : Distances of Galactic HII regions (Anderson+, 2009)J/ApJ/717/L133 : Formaldehyde maser flares in IRAS 18566+0408 (Araya+, 2010)J/ApJS/194/32 : HII Region Discovery Survey (HRDS). II. (Anderson+, 2011)J/ApJ/770/39 : BGPS. VIII. MIR kinematic dist. (Ellsworth-Bowers+, 2013)J/ApJ/783/130 : Parallaxes of high mass star forming regions (Reid+, 2014)J/MNRAS/443/1555 : ATLASGAL massive star forming clumps (Urquhart+, 2014)J/A+A/600/A16 : Six LMC star forming region spectra (Tang+, 2017)J/A+A/598/A30 : Massive star forming molecular clumps Tkin (Tang+, 2017)J/ApJ/846/160 : 6.7GHz Class II methanol maser survey (Yang+, 2017)J/A+A/609/A16 : OMC 1 reduced H_2_CO(3-2) datacubes (Tang+, 2018)J/A+A/611/A6 : ATLASGAL massive clumps H_2_CO data (Tang+, 2018)J/ApJS/244/35 : VLA observations of the Central Molecular Zone (Lu+, 2019)J/ApJS/245/12 : 6.7GHz methanol masers & RRLs in MSX regions (Ouyang+, 2019)J/ApJ/885/131 : High-mass SFR plx & proper motion with VLBI (Reid+, 2019)J/ApJS/241/18 : A 6.7GHz methanol maser survey. II. |b|<2{deg} (Yang+, 2019)J/ApJS/248/3 : A 4-6GHz RRL survey in the Milky Way (Chen+, 2020)J/A+A/646/A170 : Serpens filament 13CO, C18O & C17O datacubes (Gong+, 2021)J/ApJ/910/131 : Molecular gas distribution from MWISP CO survey (Su+, 2021)J/A+A/655/A12 : LMC N113 and N159W ALMA para-H_2_CO datacubes (Tang+, 2021)J/ApJS/262/42 : VLBA obs. of masers in the Scutum Spiral Arm (Li+, 2022)J/A+A/689/A81 : GLOSTAR GPS. X. Galactic HII region catalog (Khan+, 2024)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/282/15https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/282/15http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/282/15https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/282/15https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/282/15http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/282/15GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/282/15/table1 (Spectral line properties of the 4.8GHz H2CO absorption and maser toward four identified maser sources)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/282/15/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/282/15/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/282/15/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true348.439166761.47083330.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/282/15/tablea1 (Characteristics of 1555 4.8GHz H2CO absorption components detected toward 1156 sources)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/282/15/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/282/15/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/282/15/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true254.06875-16.03627780.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/282/15/tablea2 (Characteristics of 1989 sources with non-detected 4.8GHz H2CO absorption)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/282/15/tablea2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/282/15/tablea2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/282/15/tablea2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true261.6208333-26.08252780.0055555555555555565/825 962 3242 3262 3577 3579 3585 3588-3589 3613 3650 3655 3661 3663 3665 3667 3673 3676 3679 3856 3860 3862 3865 3868 3910 3920 7211 7266 7380 7383 7560 7562 7564-7565 7578 7604-7605 7607 7648 7651 7673 7679 6/138 194 260 342 765 857-860 862 881 1052 1054 1061 1074 1082 1154 1159 1176 1231 1238 1240 1242 1251 1261 1264 1299 1307 1311 1330 1337-1338 1340-1341 1344 1346 1352 1354 1385 1445-1446 1463-1464 1470 1482 1490 1507-1508 1512 1539 1542 1544 1606 1613 1622 1635-1636 1653 1727 1730-1731 1736 1759 1781 1783 1787 1789-1791 1797 1806-1809 1812 1814 1824 1831 1834 1839 1848 1850 1889 1923 1925-1928 1932-1933 1946 1960 1986 2031 2110 2203 2352 2510 2528 2694 2732 2740 2908-2909 2920 2948 2965 2972-2973 3005 3009 3011 3026 3031 3033 3038 3046-3047 3049 3052 3057-3061 3063 3071 3118 3157 3161 3173-3175 3187 3195-3196 3198 3223 3227-3229 3245 3252 3255 3261-3262 3265 3268-3269 3272 3275 3282-3283 3285 3289-3291 3294 3299 3307-3308 3310-3311 3314-3315 3336 3338 3364 3368 3424 3449 3456 3459 3466 3491 3509 3606 3614-3615 3630-3631 3633-3635 3639-3640 3645 3648-3650 3658 3663 3666 3713 3715 3718-3719 3724-3726 3729-3730 3735 3738 3744 3746-3749 3752 3755 3758-3759 3762 3766 3776-3777 3827 3856 3858 3878 3884 4107 4365 4376 4693 5006 5116 5223 5273 5276 5710 5927 6201 6251 6292 6752 6803 6884 6890 7356 7531 7625 7759 8003 8094 8735 8926 9142 9783 10281 10570 10866 11165 12137 12300 12334 12382 12470 12703 12879 12944 12962 12974-12975 12982 12986-12988 12990-12991 13034 13055 13113 13207 13230 13261 13289 13297 13454 13463 13623 13677 13758 13783 13867 13885 13918 13945 13981 13992 13995 13997 14029 14031 14038 14048 14052-14053 14063 14088 14161 14217 14219 14241 14248 14252 14254-14255 14263 14266-14267 14269-14270 14278-14280 14282 14285 14287-14288 14290 14293-14294 14297-14299 14301-14304 14306-14307 14312 14314-14315 14325 14327 14330 14333 14336-14337 14345-14348 14350 14360 14364-14365 14367 14371-14373 14391 14399-14400 14402-14406 14409 14411-14414 14417-14418 14422-14423 14426-14430 14434 14437 14441 14444 14458 14468 14508 14544 14550 14567 14594-14598 14604-14605 14607 14610-14612 14614 14616 14618-14619 14624-14625 14627-14628 14630-14632 14638-14642 14648 14658 14664-14665 14667 14672 14674-14675 14677-14679 14681-14683 14685-14689 14691 14696-14698 14700-14702 14709 14711-14713 14715 14738-14739 14785 14788 14806 15044 15051 15105 15360 15362-15363 15367-15368 15370 15374-15375 15377 15379-15380 15382-15383 15385-15387 15390 15392 15394-15395 15399 15401-15405 15407 15409 15411-15413 15415-15417 15420-15422 15428-15430 15433 15435 15437-15438 15444 15447 15452-15453 15455-15456 15458 15468-15469 15476 15478-15480 15483-15484 15505 15541 15552 15574 15585 15588-15589 15620-15621 15624 15626 15628-15629 15631-15634 15636 15649 15651 15663-15664 15667-15668 15670-15671 15676-15677 15679 15684-15685 15696-15698 15703 15711 15718 15720 15730 15737 15757 15759 15762 15781 15816 15842 15857 15941 15965 16129 16131 16133 16191 16196-16197 16237 16284 16666 16882 17061 17192 17288 17433 17638 18083 18088-18089 18364 18643 18998 19279 19379 19629 20022 20238 20805 20808 20816 20824 20828 20831 20849 20981 21236 21311 21316 21325-21326 21329 21334 21336-21337 21347 21350 21353-21354 21358 21396 21400 21403 21425 21428 21430 21436 21438-21440 21445-21447 21456-21458 21464-21465 21523 21563 21567 21608 21641-21643 21646 21671 21676-21677 21679 21711 22021 22023 22034 22042 22161 22164 22197 22225 22239-22240 22243 22249 22251 22434 22508 22789 22797 22804-22805 22807-22808 22829 22854-22855 22860-22861 22866 22873 22876 23030 23394 23470-23471 23533 23549 23560 23562-23563 23597 23606 23611 23637 23639 23672 23697 23704 23762-23763 23770 23795 23798 23810 23831 23862 23962 23995-23996 23998-23999 24098 24151 24158 24169 24181-24182 24189 24191 24340 24353 24355 24361-24362 24365 24367-24368 24378 24425-24427 24430 24447 24454 24457 24460 24466 24468 24472 24474 24487 24498-24499 24501 24503 24505 24507-24508 24515 24544 24554-24555 24563 24896 25008 25228 25486 25489 25678 25773 25806 26319 26327 26666 26927 27659 28607 28765 28779 28782-28783 28786-28787 28796 28821 28823 28842 28850 28854 28859-28860 28862 28864-28865 28869-28870 28880 28882 28886 28892 28905 28907 28909 28952 28962 28971 28983 28991 28994 29023 29045 29060 29069-29070 29072 29092 29105 29110-29111 29154 29160 29165 29172 29176 29182 29187 29189 29193 29196 29200 29205 29209 29213-29214 29222 29248-29249 29252 29267 29269 29272-29274 29284-29285 29298 29301 29308 29310 29367 29373 29440 29442 29447-29448 29458-29459 29467 29469 29473-29474 29476 29490 29509 29511-29512 29514-29515 29517 29519 29524 29526-29529 29531 29539-29540 29545-29546 29553 29556 29558 29597 29653-29654 29660 29673 29678 29817 29842 29855 29866 29877 29963 29966 29974 30124 30127 30208-30209 30214 30216 30218-30220 30222-30223 30238-30239 30244-30245 30247 30252-30254 30266-30269 30271 30280 30284 30303 30306 30310 30317-30319 30322 30329 30331 30333-30334 30339 30341 30343-30345 30348 30353 30359 30363-30364 30366 30401 30403-30406 30413 30424-30425 30427 30444-30445 30452-30453 30481 30494 30506 30512 30519 30543 30565-30566 30574 30596 30598 30600-30602 30614 30616 30618 30622 30624-30626 30628-30630 30642 30655 30658 30664-30665 30669 30675 30682 30684 30687 30701-30702 30707 30710-30711 30713 30803 31231 31327 31831 31837 32015 32023 32059 32062 32073 32081-32085 32092-32093 32095 32117 32136 32181 32189 32331 32576 32723 36028 38862 39789 39860 39890 39896 39905 39908-39909 39911 39916 39918 39922-39923 39929 40150 40235 40246 40252 40397 40483 40491-40492 40502 40571 40626 40720 40847 42970 42981 43987 44316 47963 48038 48097 48581 48687 48860 48933 49150https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/282/15?format=asciiInfraredRadiodefaultJ/ApJS/282/15/table1Spectral line properties of the 4.8GHz H2CO absorption and maser toward four identified maser sourcesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource name ("G23.01-0.41", "G32.74-0.07", "IRAS18566+0408" or "NGC~7538~IRS1")meta.id;meta.maincharCompComponent, absorption or maser (1)meta.notecharRAJ2000[18/23] Hour of Right Ascension, TMRT obs. pointing center (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination, TMRT obs. pointing center (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainEpochObservation epoch (UTC)time.epoch;obsnullablerms[19/151] Observational rms noise levelmJyinstr.det.noiseintVpeak[-60.2/85.3] LSR velocity at the peak value (G1)km/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.lsrfloate_Vpeak[0.01/1] Uncertainty in Vpeak (G1)km/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVeloc;pos.lsrfloatFWHM[0.23/9.82] Full Width at Half Maximum (G1)km/sspect.line.widthfloate_FWHM[0.02/2.06] Uncertainty in FWHM (G1)km/sstat.error;spect.line.widthfloatSpeak[-636/1698] peak flux density (G1)mJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.3-6GHz;stat.maxintSint[-4116/1509] Integrated flux density (G1)mJy.km/sphot.flux.density;em.radio.3-6GHzinte_Sint[8/360] Uncertainty in Sint (G1)mJy.km/sstat.error;phot.flux.density;em.radio.3-6GHzintSpeak2[115/1765]? Peak flux density, directly extracted from the spectrummJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.3-6GHz;stat.maxintnullableJ/ApJS/282/15/tablea1Characteristics of 1555 4.8GHz H2CO absorption components detected toward 1156 sources6.7GHz[Y ] Association with 6.7GHz CH3OH masers (G2)meta.codecharRRLsAssociation with RRLs (G3)meta.codecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource namemeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension, TMRT obs. pointing center (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination, TMRT obs. pointing center (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainEpochObservation epoch (UTC)time.epoch;obsnullablerms[0.01/0.4] Observational rms noise levelKinstr.det.noisefloatVpeak[-103.1/121.3] LSR velocity at the peak value (G1)km/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.lsrfloate_Vpeak[0.01/0.8] Uncertainty in Vpeak (G1)km/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVeloc;pos.lsrfloatFWHM[0.23/31.4] Full Width at Half Maximum (G1)km/sspect.line.widthfloate_FWHM[0.01/2] Uncertainty in FWHM (G1)km/sstat.error;spect.line.widthfloatTpeak[-7.52/-0.06] peak main beam temperature (G1)Kphys.temperature;instr.beam;stat.maxfloatTmbdV[-39.31/-0.03] Integrated area (G1)K.km/sspect.line.intensity;em.radio.3-6GHzfloate_TmbdV[0.01/1.2] Uncertainty in TmbdV (G1)K.km/sstat.error;spect.line.intensity;em.radio.3-6GHzfloatdist-p[0.7/12.5]? Parallax distance (3)kpcpos.distancefloatnullabledist-b[0.16/19.8]? Bayesian distance with error calculated using peak velocity (4)kpcpos.distancefloatnullablee_dist-b[0.01/7.3]? Uncertainty in dist-bkpcstat.error;pos.distancefloatnullableY17Display data from Yang+ 2017, J/ApJ/846/160 within 1"meta.ref.urlintnullableY19Display data from Yang+ 2019, J/ApJS/241/18 within 1"meta.ref.urlintnullableWISEADisplay the AllWISE data (II/328) within 1"meta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJS/282/15/tablea2Characteristics of 1989 sources with non-detected 4.8GHz H2CO absorptionrms[0.028/2.81] Observational rms noise levelKinstr.det.noisefloat6.7GHz[Y ] Association with 6.7GHz CH3OH masers (G2)meta.codecharRRLsAssociation with RRLs (G3)meta.codecharY17Display data from Yang+ 2017, J/ApJ/846/160 within 1"meta.ref.urlintnullableY19Display data from Yang+ 2019, J/ApJS/241/18 within 1"meta.ref.urlintnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource namemeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension, TMRT obs. pointing center (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination, TMRT obs. pointing center (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainWISEADisplay the AllWISE data (II/328) within 1"meta.ref.urlchar