J/ApJS/281/64ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/281/64CDSZhang J.Zhang Y.Kang Z.Zou HuLi C.Fan D.Zhao Y.Shi J.2026-08-13T05:37:28Z2026-08-13T06:33:27ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fryoung-stellar-objectsinfrared-photometryvariable-starsextinctioneffective-temperaturestellar-massesstellar-agesWe present a comprehensive analysis of variability in young stellar objects (YSOs) using a decade-long mid-infrared photometric dataset from the unTimely catalog. With its enhanced sensitivity and extended temporal coverage compared to previous surveys like NEOWISE, the catalog enables the detection of subtle variability patterns and long-term brightness fluctuations in YSOs. We characterize their variability using 12 statistical features and identify 17,795 variable YSOs in the W2 band. Through spectral energy distribution fitting, key physical properties such as mass, age, and luminosity are derived, revealing evolutionary trends. The YSOs are classified into six types of variability: linear (0.4%), curved (16.2%), periodic (2.0%), burst (3.0%), drop (1.0%), and irregular (42.9%), with 15.7% exhibiting combined secular and irregular behaviors. The extended observational baseline significantly improves the detection of stochastic phenomena (e.g., bursts and drops) and complex light-curve morphologies. Our analysis confirms that the mass-luminosity relation of our sample is broadly consistent with Padova and Trieste Stellar Evolution Code pre-main-sequence isochrones; only a small number of low-mass objects deviate at >3{sigma}, likely reflecting measurement and modeling uncertainties. Combined with the observed correlation between variability types and evolutionary stages, these results advance our understanding of the mechanisms driving the observed brightness changes.2025ApJS..281...64Zhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/281/64CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)VII/233 : 2MASS All-Sky Extended Source Catalog (XSC) (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)II/363 : The band-merged unWISE Catalog (Schlafly+, 2019)J/ApJ/743/156 : NEOWISE obs. of NEOs: preliminary results (Mainzer+, 2011)J/ApJ/733/50 : Mid-IR phot. monitoring of the ONC (Morales-Calderon+, 2011)J/A+A/557/A77 : VR light curves of AA Tau in 2007-2013 (Bouvier+, 2013)J/AJ/147/82 : Monitoring of disk-bearing stars in NGC 2264 (Cody+, 2014)J/ApJ/792/30 : NEOWISE magnitudes for near-Earth objects (Mainzer+, 2014)J/ApJS/224/5 : Herschel Orion Protostar Survey (HOPS): SEDs (Furlan+, 2016)J/ApJS/254/33 : Gal. midplane Spitzer/IRAC cand. YSOs (SPICY) (Kuhn+, 2021)J/ApJ/920/132 : NEOWISE 6.5yr variability in YSOs (Park+, 2021)J/AJ/163/263 : 323 YSOs properties with ZTF (Hillenbrand+, 2022)J/A+A/686/A269 : Young Stellar Objects from LAMOST & ZTF surveys (Zhang+, 2024)J/A+A/696/A196 : SED modeling of YSOs in the OSFC (Gezer+, 2025)J/ApJS/278/10 : WISE color and variability study of SPICY YSOs (Neha+, 2025)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/281/64https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/281/64http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/281/64https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/281/64https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/281/64http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/281/64GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/281/64/table1 (Properties of young stellar objects)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/281/64/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/281/64/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/281/64/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true91.90164111-6.513860.0055555555555555565/445 759 825 936 939 962 3574 3577-3579 3667 3670 3672 3676 3679 3869 3907 3909-3910 3919-3921 5338 5350 5411 5417 5419 5715 5943 5993 5995 5999 6091 7228 7578-7579 9335 9341 9460-9462 9468 9470-9471 9474 9482 9506 9811-9812 9814 9817 9819-9820 9822 9849 9977 10414 10419 10424 10439 10543 10553 10598 10609-10610 10624 10753 6/35 122 271 278 383 511 555 597 599 631 691 795 843 859 862 881 944 947 1004 1042-1043 1047 1054 1080 1109 1114 1117 1136 1156-1157 1159 1168 1170 1191 1193 1231 1242 1253 1255 1263-1264 1285 1287 1296-1297 1299-1301 1303-1304 1307 1337 1344-1346 1352-1354 1460 1467 1531 1537-1539 1543-1545 1551 1554-1555 1560 1562 1575 1602 1605-1607 1620 1622 1630 1634 1638 1649 1668 1676 1680 1688 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42560-42561 42566 42573-42574 42578 42582 42605 42614 42646 42657 42670 42697 42705 42714 42739 42752 42763 42787 42791 42795 42809 42852 42863 42903 42918-42919 42923-42924 42926 42943 42968 42970 42975-42976 42981-42983 42988 42991 42994-42995 42999-43000 43016-43017 43019-43022 43024-43026 43028 43034 43040 43042-43043 43045-43046 43086 43149 43154 43170 43183 43187 43211 43226 43251 43293 43317 43345 43352 43360 43383 43403 43411 43415 43429 43474 43490 43503 43538 43545 43596 43620 43663 43668 43688 43728-43729 43816 44001 44029 44032 44081 44112 44136 44213 44252 44307 44316-44317 44355 44358-44359 44361 44363-44365 44367-44368 44371 44376 44378 44384 44388-44389 44400 44448 44605 44625 44812 44924 44956-44957 44993 45060 45088 45102 45153 45169 45258 45275 45410 45708 45738 45776 45884 45887 45942 46160 46518 46575 46612 46623 46730 46772 46804 46826 46835 46901 46935 47206 47269 47382 47457 47492 47500 47512-47513 47572 47654 47702 47828 47847 47849 47864 47903 47983 48001 48258 48272 48364 48465 48678 48709 48820 48901 49034-49035 49055https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/281/64?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/ApJS/281/64/table1Properties of young stellar objectsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintWISEAALLWISE identifier (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right Ascension from WISE (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-88/88] Declination from WISE (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainAV[0/48.6] The V band extinctionmagphys.absorptionfloate_AV[0/20.3] Uncertainty in AVmagstat.error;phys.absorptionfloatTeff[2578/13720] YSO effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveinte_Teff[59/632] Uncertainty in TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintlogL[-2.6/3.51] log YSO luminositylog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloate_logL[0/3.3] Uncertainty in logLlog(solLum)stat.error;phys.luminosityfloatMass[0.02/5.6] YSO masssolMassphys.massfloatAge[0.5/889.2] YSO ageMyrtime.agefloatVTypeLight curve classification (1)meta.code;src.varcharCTypeCombined variability behavior (burst, drop or irregular)meta.code;src.varcharSPICYDisplay data from Kuhn+ 2021, J/ApJS/254/33 within 3"meta.ref.urlintnullable