J/ApJS/279/57ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/279/57CDSHeinke C.O.Zheng J.Maccarone T.J.Degenaar N.Bahramian A.,Sivakoff G.R.Toor S.2026-07-28T11:19:32Z2026-07-28T11:37:29ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frx-ray-binary-starsneutron-starsstellar-distanceastronomical-reference-materialsMany X-ray binaries (XRBs) are transiently accreting. Having statistics on their recurrence times is helpful to address questions related to binary evolution and populations, as well as the physics of binary systems. We compile a catalog of known outbursts of 87 transient neutron stars (identified through bursts or pulsations) and low-mass XRBs until mid-2025. Most outbursts are taken from the literature, but we also identify some outbursts from public X-ray monitoring lightcurves. We find 109 outbursts not previously identified in the literature; most are from the frequent transients GRS 1747-312 and the Rapid Burster MXB 1730-335, though we suspect that two outbursts from Liller 1 may be from another transient besides the Rapid Burster. We also find new outbursts for 10 other systems, and verify substantial quiescent intervals for XMM J174457-2850.3, XMMU J174716.1-281048, and AX J1754.2-2754. Outburst detection has been relatively efficient since 1996 for outbursts above F_X_(2-10keV)=3x10^-10^erg/cm^2^/s. While several systems have many known outbursts, 40 of the 87 systems we track have zero or one recorded outburst between 1996 and 2023. This suggests that many faint Galactic center XRBs may be neutron star XRBs, though we cannot completely rule out the proposition that most neutron star XRBs undergo frequent outbursts below all-sky monitor detection limits.2025ApJS..279...57Hhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/279/57CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/cb : Cataclysmic Binaries, LMXBs, and related objects (Ritter+, 2004)IX/8 : Second Catalogue of X-ray Sources (Amnuel+ 1982)I/352 : Distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia EDR3 (Bailer-Jones+, 2021)VII/80 : The HEAO A-1 X-Ray Source Catalog (Wood+, 1984)VII/195 : Globular Clusters in the Milky Way (Harris, 1996)VII/202 : Globular Clusters in the Milky Way (Harris, 1997)V/113 : Cataclysmic Binaries, LMXBs, and related objects (Ritter+, 2003)J/A+A/469/807 : Catalogue of Galactic low-mass X-ray binaries (Liu+, 2007)J/AJ/133/1287 : JHK phot. of 24 Galactic globular clusters (Valenti+, 2007)J/A+A/468/49 : LMXBs in the bulge of M31 (Voss+, 2007)J/ApJS/179/360 : Thermonuclear X-ray bursts observed by RXTE (Galloway+, 2008)J/ApJ/716/L109 : Radio and X-ray observations of Aql X-1 (Miller-Jones+, 2010)J/ApJ/738/129 : XMM-Newton X-ray sources in NGC 6553 (Guillot+, 2011)J/ApJS/194/18 : The Galactic Bulge Survey: X-ray observations (Jonker+, 2011)J/A+A/533/A33 : LMXBs detected in nearby galaxies (Zhang+, 2011)J/ApJS/209/14 : The Swift/BAT hard X-ray transient monitor (Krimm+, 2013)J/MNRAS/449/268 : Type II bursts in the Rapid Burster (Bagnoli+, 2015)J/ApJ/812/149 : HSTPROMO. III. Dynamical distances (Watkins+, 2015)J/A+A/587/A61 : BlackCAT, BH masses in X-ray trans. (Corral-Santana+, 2016)J/ApJS/222/15 : WATCHDOG all-sky database of Gal. BHXBs (Tetarenko+, 2016)J/ApJ/901/57 : MAVERIC survey: X-ray sources in 38 GCs (Bahramian+, 2020)J/ApJS/249/32 : The Multi-INstrument Burst ARchive (MINBAR) (Galloway+, 2020)J/MNRAS/501/2790 : Swift Bulge Survey. 1st X-ray results (Bahramian+, 2021)J/ApJ/930/20 : The neutron star XRB Centaurus X-4 monitoring (Baglio+, 2022)J/A+A/675/A199 : XRBcats. Galactic LMXB Catalogue (Avakyan+, 2023)J/A+A/684/A124 : Galactic LMXBs catalog (Fortin+, 2024)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/279/57https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/279/57http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/279/57https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/279/57https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/279/57http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/279/57GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/279/57/table1 (Published outbursts of verified neutron star LMXBs)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/279/57/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/279/57/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/279/57/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true7.2627559.571940.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/279/57/table2 (Outbursts of NGC 6440 X-2)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/279/57/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/279/57/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/279/57/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true267.21983-20.356670.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/279/57/table3 (Outbursts of 4U 1608-52)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/279/57/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/279/57/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/279/57/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true243.179-52.42380.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/279/57/table4 (Outbursts of MXB 1730-335, Rapid Burster in globular cluster Liller 1)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/279/57/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/279/57/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/279/57/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true263.35-33.38860.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/279/57/table5 (Outbursts of GRS 1747-312, eclipsing burster in globular cluster Terzan 6)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/279/57/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/279/57/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/279/57/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true267.69526-31.274680.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/279/57/table6 (Outbursts of Aquila X-1)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/279/57/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/279/57/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/279/57/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true287.81690.584960.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/279/57/table7 (Recorded outbursts of Cir X-1)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/279/57/table7?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/279/57/table7?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/279/57/table7?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true230.17022-57.166720.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/279/57/table8 (Objects that have shown X-ray bursts, but have no recorded clear outbursts)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/279/57/table8?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/279/57/table8?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/279/57/table8?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true268.1-31.628330.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/279/57/table9 (Known persistent low-mass X-ray binaries)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/279/57/table9?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/279/57/table9?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/279/57/table9?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true78.52746-40.043610.0055555555555555566/3044 9346 12405 13875 14056 14245 20537 23652 28690 28701 28705 28707 28721 28751 28779 28808 28815 28817 28819 28825 28827-28828 28830-28831 28835 28837 28849 28852-28853 28860 28862 28872 28880 28889 28896 28899 28901 28903 28905 28912 28916 28921 28950 28970-28971 29092 29100-29101 29114-29115 29188 29192 29195 29240 29257 29264 29267 29314 29463 29514 29528 29706 29869-29870 29923 30141 30298-30299 30312 30362 30439 31954 31957 34242 37294 37475 37732 39247 40018 41279 41399 41530 41599 41674 41697 41766 41802 42018 42140 42159 42172 42315 42364 42370 42384 42387 42396 42433-42434 42446 42450 42453 42466 42483 42485 42487 42491 42841 43057 44094 47805 47866 49023https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/279/57?format=asciiX-raydefaultJ/ApJS/279/57/table1Published outbursts of verified neutron star LMXBsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameOutburst object namemeta.id;meta.maincharm_NameNumber of bursts for this sourcemeta.numberintnullablef_Name[?] Flag on Name (1)meta.codecharStartOutburst begin, approximatetime.epochnullableEndOutburst end, approximatetime.epochnullablen_EndFlag on End (2)meta.notecharFxPkPeak 2-10 keV X-ray flux, erg/s/cm2 (3)mW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-ray.medium;stat.maxfloatl_NHLimit flag on NHmeta.code.errorcharNH? Column (number) density, hydrogencm**-2phys.columnDensitydoublenullableInd1? Power-law Spectral Index, or lower bound on indexspect.indexfloatnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableInd2? When a range is given, this is the upper bound on the power-law indexspect.indexintnullablel_LxPkLimit flag on PeakLxmeta.code.errorcharLxPkPeak 2-10keV Luminosity, erg/s (4)1e-07Wphys.luminosity;em.X-ray.medium;stat.maxfloatl_DistLimit flag on Distmeta.code.errorcharDistAssumed distancekpcpos.distancefloatRefReferences (G1)meta.refchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJS/279/57/table2Outbursts of NGC 6440 X-2SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameOutburst object namemeta.id;meta.maincharDateOutburst date or first outburst date windowtime.epochnullableDate2? Last outburst date for date windowstime.epochnullableMJDModified Julian date of outburstdtime.epochintFxPkPeak 2-10 keV X-ray flux, erg/s/cm2 (1)mW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-ray.medium;stat.maxfloatInd? Power-law Spectral Indexspect.indexfloatnullableLxPkPeak 2-10 keV Luminosity, ergs/s (2)1e-07Wphys.luminosity;em.X-ray.medium;stat.maxfloatRefReferences (G1)meta.refchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJS/279/57/table3Outbursts of 4U 1608-52FxPkPeak 2-10 keV X-ray flux, erg/s/cm2 (1)mW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-ray.medium;stat.maxdoublel_LxPkLimit flag on PeakLxmeta.code.errorcharLxPkPeak 2-10 keV Luminosity, ergs/s (2)1e-07Wphys.luminosity;em.X-ray.medium;stat.maxdoubleRefReferences (G1)meta.refcharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameOutburst object namemeta.id;meta.maincharDate1Outburst date or first outburst date for date windowstime.epochnullableDate2Last outburst date for date windowstime.epochnullablel_FxPkLimit flag on PeakFxmeta.code.errorcharJ/ApJS/279/57/table4Outbursts of MXB 1730-335, Rapid Burster in globular cluster Liller 1recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameOutburst object name (1)meta.id;meta.maincharDate1Outburst date or first outburst date for date windowstime.epochnullableDate2? Last outburst date for date windowstime.epochnullableMJD[41028/60791] Modified Julian date of outburstdtime.epochintFxPk[6.3e-10/1.8e-08]? Peak 2-10keV X-ray flux, erg/s/cm2 (2)mW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-ray.medium;stat.maxfloatnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableRefReferences (G1)meta.refcharLxPk? Peak 2-10keV Luminosity, ergs/s (3)1e-07Wphys.luminosity;em.X-ray.medium;stat.maxfloatnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJS/279/57/table5Outbursts of GRS 1747-312, eclipsing burster in globular cluster Terzan 6SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameOutburst object name (1)meta.id;meta.maincharf_NameFlag on Name (2)meta.codecharDateOutburst datetime.epochnullableEpoch? Epoch number, Simon 2009NewA...14..443Smeta.idintnullableMJDModified Julian date of outburstdtime.epochintFxPkPeak 2-10keV X-ray flux, erg/s/cm2 (3)mW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-ray.medium;stat.maxfloatLxPkPeak 2-10keV Luminosity, ergs/s (4)1e-07Wphys.luminosity;em.X-ray.medium;stat.maxfloatRefReferences (G1)meta.refchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJS/279/57/table6Outbursts of Aquila X-1SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableRefReferences (G1)meta.refcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameOutburst object namemeta.id;meta.maincharStartOutburst begin date, approximatetime.epochnullableEndOutburst end date, approximatetime.epochnullableFxPk[7.6e-10/3.1e-08]? Peak 2-10keV X-ray flux, erg/s/cm2 (1)mW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-ray.medium;stat.maxfloatnullableLxPk? Peak 2-10keV Luminosity, ergs/s (2)1e-07Wphys.luminosity;em.X-ray.medium;stat.maxfloatnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJS/279/57/table7Recorded outbursts of Cir X-1SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameOutburst object namemeta.id;meta.maincharDateOutburst datetime.epochnullableMJD? Modified Julian date of outburstdtime.epochintnullableFxPkPeak 2-10 keV X-ray flux, erg/s/cm2 (1)mW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-ray.medium;stat.maxfloatLxPkPeak 2-10 keV Luminosity, ergs/s (2)1e-07Wphys.luminosity;em.X-ray.medium;stat.maxfloatRefReferences (G1)meta.refchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJS/279/57/table8Objects that have shown X-ray bursts, but have no recorded clear outburstsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameOutburst object name (1)meta.id;meta.maincharDateOutburst datetime.epochnullablel_FxPkLimit flag on PeakFxmeta.code.errorcharFxPkPeak 2-10 keV X-ray flux, erg/s/cm2mW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-ray.medium;stat.maxfloatq_NHQuality flag on NH, :=approximatemeta.code.qualcharNH? Column (number) density, hydrogencm**-2phys.columnDensityfloatnullablel_LxPkLimit flag on PeakLxmeta.code.errorcharLxPkPeak 2-10 keV Luminosity, ergs/s1e-07Wphys.luminosity;em.X-ray.medium;stat.maxfloatl_DistLimit flag on Distmeta.code.errorcharDistAssumed distancekpcpos.distancefloatRefReferences (G1)meta.refchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJS/279/57/table9Known persistent low-mass X-ray binariesSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNamePersistent low-mass X-ray binary name (1)meta.id;meta.maincharONameAlternate Name(s)meta.idcharNatureNature ("burster" or "pulsar")src.classcharFlagFlag (2)meta.code.errorchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJS/279/57/refsReferencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference codemeta.notecharBibCodeBibcode of the reference if anymeta.bib.bibcodecharCommArchive commentmeta.notechar