J/ApJS/279/38ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/279/38CDSKwon M.Hwang Ho S.Kent B.R.Yoon I.Lee G.Yoon H.2026-06-03T12:12:00Z2026-06-03T12:47:02ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesh-i-line-emissionradial-velocityvisible-astronomysurveysWe present a catalog of 142 dark galaxy candidates in a region covered by the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA (ALFALFA) survey. We start with 344 ALFALFA HI sources without optical counterparts and remove those that do not seem to have a dark galaxy origin. To do that, we first eliminate 83 sources that are known HI clouds probably formed from tidal interactions between galaxies and 13 sources that have optical counterparts. We then remove 56 sources located near other HI sources, which are likely to be HI clouds. We further exclude 10 sources that have nearby HI sources within the ALFALFA beam and 40 sources potentially associated with nearby galaxies. We perform visual inspection of optical images from the DESI Legacy Imaging Survey with an r-band surface brightness limit of ~28.5mag/arcsec2 as well as near-ultraviolet images from GALEX to confirm the absence of stellar emission. We additionally inspect infrared images from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and AKARI for dust emission. As a result, we identify 142 dark galaxy candidates and analyze their physical properties by comparing them with luminous galaxies. We find that the dark galaxy candidates generally have smaller dynamical masses, higher HI-to-dynamical mass ratios, and are located in less dense regions when compared to luminous galaxies, which is consistent with results from cosmological simulations. This sample provides an important testbed for studying the role of dark matter in galaxy formation and evolution.2025ApJS..279...38Khttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/279/38CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/86 : Groups of Galaxies. I. Nearby Groups (Huchra+ 1982)II/294 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 7 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2009)V/154 : Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), Release 16 (DR16) (Ahumada+, 2020)J/AJ/138/338 : Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey. IX. (Stierwalt+, 2009)J/MNRAS/415/1883 : AGES HI sources in NGC 7448 (Davies+, 2011)J/AJ/142/170 : ALFALFA survey: {alpha}.40 HI source catalog (Haynes+, 2011)J/A+A/584/A113 : Gas dynamics in tidal dwarf galaxies (Lelli+, 2015)J/MNRAS/460/2143 : HI size-mass relation of galaxies (Wang+, 2016)J/ApJ/861/49 : ALFALFA extragalactic HI source catalog (Haynes+, 2018)J/AJ/157/194 : ALFALFA HI fluxes for extended sources (Hoffman+, 2019)J/A+A/642/L10 : AGESVC1 282 deep optical image (Bilek+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/279/38https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/279/38http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/279/38https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/279/38https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/279/38http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/279/38GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/279/38/table1 (Dark galaxy candidates catalog)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/279/38/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/279/38/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/279/38/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.70921.84670.0055555555555555566/44 137 538 555 671 697 752 771 783 794 816 938 943 2090 2117 2129-2130 2215 2220 2306-2307 2564 4157 4212 4214 4240 4280 4302 4308 4372 4384 4438-4439 4461 4469 4572 4580 4613 4650 4654 4662 4946 4966 5122 5152 5197 5207 5241 5283 5293 5312 5416 5635 5654 6216-6217 8235 8238 8260 8296 8320 8333 8524 8667 8679 8717 8719 8768 8778 8793 8825 8920 9006 9019 9265 9374 10261 10303 10351 10438 10520 10761 12551 12574 12653 13316 13337 13435 13459 13463 13512 13520 13529 13585 13606 13830-13831 13841 17779 17784 17871 17911 18075 18103 18178 18184 18186 18212 18227 18231-18232 18245 18250 18346 18391 18415 18424 18773 18775 18845 18882 18906 18935 19223 19417 19423 19452 19462 19636 19721 19745 19813 19824 19891 19960 19982-19983 19991 19993 20014 20020 20022 20026 20047 20060 20077 20103 20124 20170 20214 20307 20372 20374 20385 20441 21847 21939 21950 21991 21996 22344 25975 25979 26041 26055 26072 26090 26229 26289 26292 26301 26320 26344 26347-26348 26350-26351 26358 26362 26395 26412 26414 26436 26443 26450 26507 26528 26534 26574 26607 27109 27123 27263 27314 27394 27426 27445-27446 27513 27515-27516 27518 27537 27572 27669 27697 27714 27716 27719 27728 27737 27764 27773-27774 27808 27830 27845 27857 27861-27863 27875 27879 27904 27936-27937 27939 27942 27953 27995 28058-28059 28062 28104 28126 28152 28166-28167 28172-28173 28176 28178 28184 28186-28187 28221 28231 28251 28272 28300 28387 28420 28458 28482 28515 28617 31430 31469https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/279/38?format=asciiOpticalRadiodefaultJ/ApJS/279/38/table1Dark galaxy candidates catalogrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintAGC[102300/749170] Arecibo General Catalog (AGC) entrymeta.id;meta.mainintNameCommon name of associated optical counterpartmeta.id;em.optcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharRAJ2000Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-0.007/35.7] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainVhel[136/17469] Heliocentric velocity of the HI profile midpoint, cz_{sun}_ (from Haynes+ 2018, J/ApJ/861/49)km/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.heliocentricintDist[1/255] Distance, D_HI_Mpcpos.distance;em.line.HIfloate_Dist[1.2/4.4] Uncertainty in DistMpcstat.error;pos.distance;em.line.HIfloatSNR[4.4/327] S/Nkm/sstat.snrfloatW50[12/407] Velocity width, measured at 50% level of peakkm/sspect.line.widthintW20[0/437] Velocity width, measured at 20% level of peakkm/sspect.line.widthintlogMHI[5.28/10.51] Logarithmic HI masslog(solMass)phys.mass;em.line.HIfloate_logMHI[0.05/1.2] Uncertainty in logMHIlog(solMass)stat.error;phys.mass;em.line.HIfloatlogMdyn[7/11.6] Logarithmic dynamical masslog(solMass)phys.massfloate_logMdyn[0.38/1.4] Uncertainty in logMdynlog(solMass)stat.error;phys.massfloatAsym[0/0.61] HI line asymmetryspect.line.asymmetry;em.line.HIfloatrho20[-1/59.4] Local density (1)phys.densityfloatLR[0/1] Likelihood ratiostat.likelihood;arith.ratiofloatdmin[0.002/20.9] Minimum projected distance to other ALFALFA sourcesMpcpos.distance;stat.minfloatQ[0/6]? Quality code; see Table 2 (2)meta.code.qualintnullableNoteAdditional note(s) (3)meta.notecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar