J/ApJS/278/28ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/278/28CDSGuo W.-J.Zou HuGreenwell C.L.Alexander D.M.Fawcett V.A.Pan Z.,Siudek M.Aguilar J.N.Ahlen S.Brooks D.Claybaugh T.Dawson K.,de la Macorra A.Doel P.Font-Ribera A.Gaztanaga E.,Gontcho Gontcho S. AGutierrez G.Kehoe R.Kisner T.Landriau M.,Le Guillou L.Manera M.Meisner A.Miquel R.Moustakas J.Prada F.,Rossi G.Sanchez E.Schubnell M.Sprayberry D.Sui J.Tarle G.,Weaver B.A.Xiao Y.-A.Zou S.2026-05-07T07:34:22Z2026-05-07T08:11:23ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fractive-galactic-nucleivisible-astronomyspectroscopyredshiftedblack-holesWe present the identification of changing-look active galactic nuclei (CL-AGNs) from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument First Data Release and Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 16 at z<=0.9. To confirm the CL-AGNs, we utilize spectral flux calibration assessment via an [OIII]-based calibration, pseudophotometry examination, and visual inspection. This rigorous selection process allows us to compile a statistical catalog of 561 CL-AGNs, encompassing 527 H{beta}, 149 H{alpha}, and 129 MgII CL behaviors. In this sample, we find (1) a 283:278 ratio of turn-on to turn-off CL-AGNs. (2) The median Eddington ratio for CL-AGNs in the dim state is approximately {lambda}Edd~0.01. (3) A strong correlation between the change in the luminosity of the broad emission lines (BELs) and variation in the continuum luminosity, with MgII and H{beta} displaying similar responses during CL phases. (4) The Baldwin-Phillips-Terlevich diagram for CL-AGNs shows no statistical difference from the general AGN catalog. (5) Five CL-AGNs are associated with asymmetrical mid-infrared flares, possibly linked to tidal disruption events. Given the large CL-AGN sample and the stochastic sampling of spectra, we propose that some CL phenomena are inherently due to typical AGN variability during low accretion rates, particularly for CL phenomenon only occurring on one BEL. Finally, we introduce a monotonically dimming CL phase for objects characterized by a gradual decline over decades in the light curve and the complete disappearance of entire BELs in faint spectra, indicative of a real transition in the accretion disk.2025ApJS..278...28Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/278/28CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/154 : Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), Release 16 (DR16) (Ahumada+, 2020)VII/289 : SDSS quasar catalog, sixteenth data release (DR16Q) (Lyke+, 2020)VII/292 : DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys DR8 photometric redshifts (Duncan, 2022)V/161 : DESI DR1 redshift catalog (DESI Col.+ 2025)J/ApJS/132/37 : Spectroscopy of Southern warm IR galaxies (Kewley+, 2001)J/ApJ/680/169 : SDSS DR5 virial black hole masses (Shen+, 2008)J/ApJ/696/870 : Catalina Real-time Transient Survey (CRTS) (Drake+, 2009)J/ApJ/698/895 : Variations in QSOs optical flux (Kelly+, 2009)J/ApJ/716/30 : SED of Fermi bright blazars (Abdo+, 2010)J/ApJ/733/60 : Accretion rate of AGNs from COSMOS surveys (Trump+, 2011)J/MNRAS/426/2703 : Type 1 AGN at low z. II. (Stern+, 2012)J/ApJ/792/30 : NEOWISE magnitudes for near-Earth objects (Mainzer+, 2014)J/ApJ/788/48 : X-ray through NIR photometry of NGC 2617 (Shappee+, 2014)J/ApJ/869/142 : Monitoring AGNs with Hbeta Asymmetry (MAHA). I. (Du+, 2018)J/ApJ/877/23 : SEAMBHs. X. Reverberation mapping campaign (Lu+, 2019)J/ApJ/874/8 : Follow-up sp. of SDSS changing-look QSOs (Macleod+, 2019)J/ApJ/887/15 : Xinglong sp. of two changing-look SDSS AGNs (Wang+, 2019)J/MNRAS/491/4925 : Changing-state quasars with CRTS (Graham+, 2020)J/ApJ/905/52 : Extreme variability QSOs from SDSS DR16 (Guo+, 2020)J/ApJ/901/55 : SDSS-RM project: MgII lags (Homayouni+, 2020)J/ApJS/249/17 : SDSS QSO DR14 spectral properties (Rakshit+, 2020)J/ApJS/252/32 : MIR outbursts in SDSS gal. (MIRONG). I. (Jiang+, 2021)J/ApJ/933/180 : TDSS. Changing-look quasars candidates (Green+, 2022)J/MNRAS/514/164 : Opt. variability of 190 Quasars in S82 region (Stone+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/278/28https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/278/28http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/278/28https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/278/28https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/278/28http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/278/28GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/278/28/spdesi (Metadata for DESI spectra used and the luminosities and masses derived)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/278/28/spdesi?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/278/28/spdesi?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/278/28/spdesi?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.200721.553790.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/278/28/spsdss (Metadata for SDSS spectra used and the luminosities and masses derived)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/278/28/spsdss?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/278/28/spsdss?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/278/28/spsdss?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.200731.55380.0055555555555555566/34-35 41 558 694 744 2064 2077 2084 2116 2161 2186 4124 4132 4175 4181 4226 4233 4240 4256 4293 4324-4325 4372 4380 4645 4651 4672 4718 4739 4758 4767 4772 4784 4789 4792 4795 4799 4801 4819 4904 5132 5135 5190 5317 5322 5371 5380 5393 5425 5442 5456 5512 5597 5630 5682 5688 5693 5698 5800 5902 5921 5985 6016 6057 6062 6086 6096 6142-6143 6205 6211 6213 6232 6252 6361 6388 6390 6417-6418 6455 6465 6480 6543 6554-6555 6576 6583 6589 6740 6916 7171 7251 7257 7259-7260 7263 7345 7358 7494 7508 7590 8201 8206 8208-8209 8211 8225 8241 8272 8284 8306 8315 8321 8328 8336 8392 8400 8448 8512 8523 8554 8556 8558 8604 8632 8648 8665 8688 8913 8955 8991 9040 9043 9062 9069 9077 9081 9085 9100-9101 9109 9138 9166 9200 9202 9242 9246 9250 9265 9269 9276 9324 9334 9363 9370 9372 9393 9402-9403 9411 9462 9471 9485 9497 9524 9612 9634 9731 9733 9737 9752-9753 9756 9763 9771 9828 9837 9869-9870 9872 9893 9904 9924 9934 9952 9986-9987 10150 10153 10245 10310 10335 10362 10418 10434 10437 10447 10459 10464 10473 10536 10545 10563 10570-10572 10608 10626 10653 10660 10663 10679 10681-10682 10684 10686 10691 10701 10707 10767 10772 10778 10783 10878 10880 10912 10917 10947 10973 10979 10987 10989 11040 11051 11054 11068 11074 11076-11077 11112 11139 11149 11187 11193 11198 11200 11212 11215 11229 11239 11241 11247 11397 11433 11521 11940 11953 12305 12362 12625-12626 13339 13354 13369 13378 13456 13461 13568-13569 17254 17322 17366 17501 17516 17617 17654 17688 17691 17697 17713 17717 17743 17753 17755 17760 17763 17768 17799 17809 17815-17817 17832 17837 17856 17862 17889 17983 18003 18006-18007 18011-18012 18014 18023 18036 18069 18089 18097 18103 18112 18137 18160 18176-18177 18209 18218 18222 18232 18235 18272 18291 18352 18394 18678 18750 18837-18838 18848 18850-18851 18853 18861 18865-18866 18882 18899 18919 18939 19021 19028 19031 19050 19058 19086 19098 19114 19136 19138 19144 19194 19242 19267 19291 19459 19476 19487 19547 19590 19653 19711 19717 19727 19742 19758 19795 19837 19890 19932 20108 20154 20247 20300 20323 21850 21887 21965 21972 22001 22006 22009 22359 22388 22717 23203 23213 25821 25849 25852 25912 25915 25945-25946 25956 25974 25982 25989 26002 26021 26024 26054-26055 26070 26074 26076 26079 26180-26181 26186 26192 26198 26213 26216 26247 26266 26271 26274 26281 26285 26291 26294 26307 26328 26371-26372 26377 26428 26437 26447 26484 26494 26515 26578 26911 26943 26959 26964 26967 26973 26992 27002 27004 27029 27037 27047 27052 27063 27077 27079 27082 27091-27092 27096 27104 27108 27111 27190 27218 27221 27238 27242 27258 27277 27285 27289-27290 27292 27299 27304 27307-27309 27319 27327 27346 27355 27368 27382 27430 27478 27493-27494 27559 27577 27624 27638 27662 27696 27699 27715 27731 27813 27875 27894 28114 28186 28193 28269 28421 28424 28521 28533 28539 28547 28558 28615 28632-28634 28638 30038 31144 31146 31357 31411 31420 31425 31448 31454 31478 31483 31485 31535 31550 31622 31627 31631 31638 31653 31673 31721 31740 32444 32447 32494 32511 32649 36719 36796 36803 45045 45052 48989 49105https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/278/28?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJS/278/28/spdesiMetadata for DESI spectra used and the luminosities and masses derivedrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordinte_logL5100[0.0028/146.5] Uncertainty in logL5100 (LOG_L5100_ERR)log(1e-07W)stat.error;phys.luminosity;em.optdoubleTargetIDDESI target identifier (TARGETID)meta.id;meta.mainRAJ2000Right Ascension, DESI (J2000) (RA)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-10.1/68] Declination, DESI (J2000) (Dec)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainzspec[0.059/0.9] Spectroscopic redshift from DESI (Redshift)src.redshiftdoubleProgDESI program ID (PROGRAM)meta.id;obscharHealpix[34/49105] HEALPIX pixel ID (HEALPIX)meta.id;pos.frameintMJD[51578/58514] Mean modified Julian Data of coadded spectra (MJD)dtime.epoch;stat.meanintlogL5100[40.3/45.2] Log, Continuum luminosity at 5100{AA} (LOG_L5100)log(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;em.optdoublelogL2500[40/45.5] Log, Extrapolated luminosity at 2500{AA} (LOG_L2500)log(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;em.UV.200-300nmdoublee_logL2500[0.0028/146.5] Uncertainty in logL2500 (LOG_L2500_ERR)log(1e-07W)stat.error;phys.luminosity;em.UV.200-300nmdoublelogLMgII[39.6/43.7]? Log, broad MgII line luminosity (LOG_LMgII)log(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;spect.linedoublenullablee_logLMgII[0.028/3]? Uncertainty in logLMgII (LOG_LMgII_ERR)log(1e-07W)stat.error;phys.luminosity;spect.linedoublenullablelogLHb[36.3/43.4] Log, broad H{beta} line luminosity (LOG_LHB)log(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;em.line.Hbetadoublee_logLHb[0/3] Uncertainty in logLHb (LOG_LHB_ERR)log(1e-07W)stat.error;phys.luminosity;em.line.HbetadoublelogLHa[39.29/43.3]? Log, broad H{alpha} line luminosity (LOG_LHA)log(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;em.line.Halphadoublenullablee_logLHa[0/2.6]? Uncertainty in logLHa (LOG_LHA_ERR)log(1e-07W)stat.error;phys.luminosity;em.line.HalphadoublenullablelogMBH-Hb[6.49/9.51]? Log, black hole mass from H{beta} (LOG_MBH_HB)log(solMass)phys.massdoublenullablee_logMBH-Hb[0.12/0.9]? Uncertainty in logMBH-Hb (LOG_MBH_HB_ERR)log(solMass)stat.error;phys.massdoublenullablelogMBH-Ha[5.2/9.2]? Log, black hole mass from H{alpha} (LOG_MBH_HA)log(solMass)phys.massdoublenullablee_logMBH-Ha[0.13/85]? Uncertainty in logMBH-Ha (LOG_MBH_HA_ERR)log(solMass)stat.error;phys.massdoublenullableSurveySurvey ID (SURVEY) (1)meta.idcharJ/ApJS/278/28/spsdssMetadata for SDSS spectra used and the luminosities and masses derivede_logMBH-Ha[0.13/71.4]? Uncertainty in logMBH-Ha (LOG_MBH_HA_ERR)log(solMass)stat.error;phys.massdoublenullableDR16QDisplay data SDSS DR16Q (VII/289)meta.ref.urlintnullablespInteractive spectrum from SDSS-DR16meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharSDSSSDSS position-based target identifier (SDSS_NAME)meta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right Ascension, SDSS (J2000) (RA)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination, SDSS (J2000) (Dec)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainzspec[0.059/0.91] Spectroscopic redshift from SDSS (Redshift)src.redshiftdoublePlate[266/11561] Plate ID (PLATE)meta.id;instr.plateintMJD[51578/58514] MJD of SDSS spectrum (MJD)dtime.epochintFiber[1/1000] Fiber ID (FIBERID)meta.idintTransChanging state (Turn-on or Turn-off) (Transition)src.classcharlogL5100[39.7/45.2] Log, Continuum luminosity at 5100A (LOG_L5100)log(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;em.optdoublee_logL5100[0.0016/123] Uncertainty in logL5100 (LOG_L5100_ERR)log(1e-07W)stat.error;phys.luminosity;em.optdoublelogL2500[39.4/45.7] Log, Extrapolated luminosity at 2500A (LOG_L2500)log(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;em.UV.200-300nmdoublee_logL2500[0.0016/123] Uncertainty in logL2500 (LOG_L2500_ERR)log(1e-07W)stat.error;phys.luminosity;em.UV.200-300nmdoublelogLMgII[39.8/43.71]? Log, broad MgII line luminosity (LOG_LMgII)log(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;spect.linedoublenullablee_logLMgII[0.029/3]? Uncertainty in logLMgII (LOG_LMgII_ERR)log(1e-07W)stat.error;phys.luminosity;spect.linedoublenullablelogLHb[35.7/43.3] Log, broad H{beta} line luminosity (LOG_LHB)log(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;em.line.Hbetadoublee_logLHb[0/2.8] Uncertainty in logLHb (LOG_LHB_ERR)log(1e-07W)stat.error;phys.luminosity;em.line.HbetadoublelogLHa[37/43.5]? Log, broad H{alpha} line luminosity (LOG_LHA)log(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;em.line.Halphadoublenullablee_logLHa[0/0.91]? Uncertainty in logLHa (LOG_LHA_ERR)log(1e-07W)stat.error;phys.luminosity;em.line.HalphadoublenullablelogMBH-Hb[6.5/9.5]? Log, black hole mass from H{beta} (LOG_MBH_HB)log(solMass)phys.massdoublenullablee_logMBH-Hb[0.12/0.9]? Uncertainty in logMBH-Hb (LOG_MBH_HB_ERR)log(solMass)stat.error;phys.massdoublenullablelogMBH-Ha[5/9.1]? Log, black hole mass from H{alpha} (LOG_MBH_HA)log(solMass)phys.massdoublenullable