J/ApJS/275/32ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/275/32doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bb-8k-10CDSZhang Z.Wang W.Ma X.Chen Z.Wang Y.Yu C.Liu S.Gao Y.,Tang B.Ma Bo2026-08-03T07:25:46Z2025-11-19T13:49:30ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsstellar-massesvisible-astronomyThe presence of another planetary companion in a transiting exoplanet system can impact its transit light curve, leading to sinusoidal transit-timing variations (TTV). By utilizing both {chi}2 and rms analysis, we have combined the TESS observation data with an N-body simulation to investigate the existence of an additional planet in the system and put a limit on its mass. We have developed CMAT, an efficient and user-friendly tool for fitting transit light curves and calculating TTV with a theoretical period, based on which we can give a limit on its hidden companion's mass. We use 260 hot Jupiter systems from the complete TESS data set to demonstrate the use of CMAT. Our findings indicate that, for most systems, the upper mass limit of a companion planet can be restricted to several Jupiter masses. This constraint becomes stronger near resonance orbits, such as the 1:2, 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1 mean-motion resonance, where the limit is reduced to several Earth masses. These findings align with previous studies suggesting that a lack of companion planets with resonance in hot Jupiter systems could potentially support the high-eccentricity migration theory. Additionally, we observed that the choice between {chi}2 or rms method does not significantly affect the upper limit on companion mass; however, {chi}2 analysis may result in weaker restrictions but is statistically more robust compared to rms analysis in most cases.2024ApJS..275...32Zhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/275/32CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIV/39 : TESS Input Catalog version 8.2 (TIC v8.2) (Paegert+, 2021)J/ApJ/640/1051 : 25pc sample of Sun-like stars (Grether+, 2006)J/A+A/482/L17 : CoRoT space mission. I. (Barge+, 2008)J/ApJ/704/1107 : Transiting planet cand. in HATNet field 205 (Latham+, 2009)J/ApJ/691/1145 : Spectrophotometry of TrES-3 and TrES-4 (Sozzetti+, 2009)J/ApJ/742/116 : Phot. of four massive transiting exoplanets (Bakos+, 2011)J/ApJ/733/116 : HAT-P-28 and HAT-P-29 photometry (Buchhave+, 2011)J/AJ/141/179 : Transits of TrES-4b, HAT-P-3b and WASP-12b (Chan+, 2011)J/ApJ/726/52 : HAT-P-18 and HAT-P-19 follow-up (Hartman+, 2011)J/ApJ/742/59 : HAT-P-32 and HAT-P-33 follow-up (Hartman+, 2011)J/ApJS/197/8 : Kepler's cand. multiple transiting planets (Lissauer+, 2011)J/AJ/144/19 : Follow-up phot. for HAT-P-34 through HAT-P-37 (Bakos+, 2012)J/AJ/144/139 : HAT-P-39, HAT-P-40, and HAT-P-41 follow-up (Hartman+, 2012)J/MNRAS/426/739 : Velocities for 7 transiting hot Jupiters (Hellier+, 2012)J/A+A/544/A72 : WASP-42 and WASP-49 photometry and velocities (Lendl+, 2012)J/A+A/547/A61 : WASP78 and WASP79 RV and photometric data (Smalley+, 2012)J/A+A/558/A86 : HAT-P-42b and HAT-P-43b ri light curves (Boisse+, 2013)J/A+A/551/A73 : RVel for WASP-54b, WASP-56b and WASP-57b (Faedi+ 2013)J/A+A/552/A82 : WASP-64b and WASP-72b light curves (Gillon+, 2013)J/A+A/559/A36 : Exoplanets WASP-65b and WASP-75b (Gomez Maqueo Chew+, 2013)J/A+A/549/A134 : 4 WASP transiting close-in giant planets (Hebrard+, 2013)J/A+A/558/A106 : Chemical abundances for 83 transit hosts (Mortier+, 2013)J/ApJS/208/22 : Transit timing variation for 12 planetary pairs (Xie, 2013)J/MNRAS/445/1114 : WASP-69b, WASP-70Ab and WASP-84b (Anderson+, 2014)J/ApJ/790/146 : Planets in Kepler's multi-transiting syst. (Fabrycky+, 2014)J/ApJ/787/80 : 139 Kepler planets transit time variations (Hadden+, 2014)J/AJ/147/128 : HAT-P-44, HAT-P-45, and HAT-P-46 follow-up (Hartman+, 2014)J/A+A/570/A64 : WASP-104b and WASP-106b photometry (Smith+, 2014)J/A+A/575/A61 : WASP-20b and WASP-28b photometry and RV (Anderson+, 2015)J/AJ/150/168 : Spectroscopy & phot. for HAT-P-50--HAT-P-53 (Hartman+, 2015)J/A+A/580/A63 : HATS-13b and HATS-14b light and RV curves (Mancini+, 2015)J/AJ/152/161 : Photometry for HATS-31 through HATS-35 (de Val-Borro+, 2016)J/AJ/152/108 : i filter phot. for HATS-25 through HATS-30 (Espinoza+, 2016)J/AJ/152/182 : iz follow-up phot. of HAT-P-65 and HAT-P-66 (Hartman+, 2016)J/A+A/591/A55 : 5 transiting hot Jupiters from WASP (Maxted+, 2016)J/A+A/586/A93 : WASP41 and WASP47 phot. and RV data (Neveu-VanMalle+, 2016)J/A+A/585/A126 : 3 irradiated & bloated hot Jupiters RV & phot. (West+, 2016)J/AJ/154/5 : Transit timing var. of 145 Kepler planets (Hadden+, 2017)J/MNRAS/465/3693 : 7 WASP-South transiting exoplanets (Hellier+, 2017)J/A+A/599/A3 : WASP 127, 136 and 138 RV and light curves (Lam+, 2017)J/AJ/153/136 : Planets & their host stars with Gaia plx (Stassun+, 2017)J/AJ/154/49 : Transiting Exoplanet Monitoring Project. II. (Wang+, 2017)J/MNRAS/477/3406 : HATS-39b, 40b, 41b and 42b transit data (Bento+, 2018)J/AJ/155/112 : Radial velocities & LCs for HATS-43-HATS-46 (Brahm+, 2018)J/A+A/610/A63 : WASP-151b, WASP-153b, WASP-156b (Demangeon+, 2018)J/AJ/155/79 : RV & light curves for 4 G-type dwarf stars (Henning+, 2018)J/AJ/157/43 : WASP-161b, WASP-163b and WASP-170b (Barkaoui+, 2019)J/AJ/158/63 : 5 transiting hot Jupiters from HATS (Espinoza+, 2019)J/AJ/157/55 : RVs and light curves for HATS-60-HATS-69 (Hartman+, 2019)J/MNRAS/482/301 : WASP-147b, 160Bb, 164b, and 165b phot. and RV (Lendl+, 2019)J/AJ/158/243 : A search for multiplanet systems with TESS (Pearson, 2019)J/AJ/158/177 : Near-resonance in a sub-Neptune system (Quinn+, 2019)J/MNRAS/485/5790 : WASP-177, WASP-181, WASP-183 RV & phot. data (Turner+, 2019)J/AJ/158/141 : Diff. phot. & RVs of HAT-P-69 & HAT-P-70 (Zhou+, 2019)J/AJ/159/63 : AO obs. of exoplanets & BD companions (Bowler+, 2020)J/A+A/636/A98 : WASP-18A, WASP-19, WASP-77A phot. (Cortes-Zuleta+, 2020)J/MNRAS/491/2834 : NGTS-8b & NGTS-9b non-inflated hot Jupiters (Costes+, 2020)J/AJ/159/173 : Phot. & RVs of 4 dwarfs hosting giant pl. (Hartman+, 2020)J/AJ/160/209 : K2 & TESS Synergy. I. (Ikwut-Ukwa+, 2020)J/AJ/162/7 : LC and radial velocities for 7 host stars (Bakos+, 2021)J/ApJS/270/14 : Transit times of hot Jupiters from TESS (Wang+, 2024)http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/tess/ : NASA TESS Science Support Centerhttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/275/32https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/275/32http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/275/32https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/275/32https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/275/32http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/275/32GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/275/32/tableb1 (The mass of the host star and the planet in the system; Appendix B)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/275/32/tableb1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/275/32/tableb1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/275/32/tableb1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true102.079885-3.10214190.0055555555555555566/790 876 913 1292 1814 1823 1971 2177 2250 2308 2532 2551 2555 2584 2596 2711 2953 3344 4145 4241 4272 4632 4799 4990 5475 5730 6017 6058 6181 6349 6381 6539 6638 7036 7208 7447 7502 7649 7652 7917 8197 8237 8825 8992 9173 9355 9524 9651 9653 9811 10066 10118 10407 10701 10730 10953 11279 11455 12342 12424 12436 12486 12853 12862 12935 12983 13044 13250 13439 13569 13680 13702 13941 14446 14598 14667 14886 14914 14993 15029 15129 15143 15162 15218 15550 15928 15950 16074 16366 16405 16432 16534 16633 16768 16947 17040 17162 17172 17226 17344 17753 17819 17851 18093 18208 18452 18569 18880 19829 20116 20186 20339 20382 20455 20501 20565 20648 20659 20682 20741 20790 20872 21026 21079 21176 21254 21876 21885 21989 22001 22065 22396 22505 22519 22816 22963 23387 24057 24409 24622 24752 24815 24858 24981 25132 25140 25153 25194 25283 25885 25950 26019 26771 26918 27021 27488 28433 30009 30157 30466 30485 32217 32564 32640 32659 32727 32749 33157 33200 33470 33798 34260 34370 34566 34643 34708 34755 34847-34848 34860 34940 35210 35486 35993 36142 36165 36196-36197 36497 36667 37247 37274 38199 38233 38381 38452 38682 39007 39474 39487 39542 39611 39673 39733 39812 39826 39829 39851 40014 40022 40189 40194 40320 40347 40669 40862 40864 42001 42659 42865 42936 43180 43248 43257 43336 43586 43623 43625 43656 43775 43847 43864-43865 43960 44041 44200 44648 44672 45051 45380 45800 45855 45922 46121 46421 46437 46771 47000 47186 47307 47310 47330 47476 48005 48338 48358 49103https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/275/32?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJS/275/32/tableb1The mass of the host star and the planet in the system; Appendix BrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPlanetPlanet namemeta.id;meta.maincharMstar[0.49/2.52] Star masssolMassphys.massfloatAuthFirst Author's name for the reference of Mstarmeta.bib.authorcharBibCodeBibcode of the reference for Mstarmeta.bib.bibcodecharMp[0.2/13.3] Planet mass(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.massdoublef_Mp[c] c: Calculated from MSINI and Imeta.codecharAuth2First Author's name for the reference of Mpmeta.bib.authorcharBibcode2Bibcode of the reference for Mpmeta.bib.bibcodecharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main