J/ApJS/274/39ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/274/39doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bb-8j-17CDSBandyopadhyay A.Ezzeddine R.Allende Prieto C.Aria N.Shah S.P.,Beers T.C.Frebel A.Hansen T.T.Holmbeck E.M.Placco V.M.,Roederer I.U.Sakari C.M.2026-08-03T07:25:29Z2025-05-20T09:29:12ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frvisible-astronomyspectroscopychemically-peculiar-starsradial-velocityinfrared-sourcesline-intensitieschemical-abundanceshalo-starsUnderstanding the abundance pattern of metal-poor stars and the production of heavy elements through various nucleosynthesis processes offers crucial insights into the chemical evolution of the Milky Way, revealing primary sites and major sources of rapid neutron-capture process (r-process) material in the Universe. In this fifth data release from the R-Process Alliance (RPA), we present the detailed chemical abundances of 41 faint (down to V=15.8) and extremely metal-poor (down to [Fe/H]=-3.3) halo stars selected from the RPA. We obtained high-resolution spectra for these objects with the HORuS spectrograph on the Gran Telescopio Canarias. We measure the abundances of light, {alpha}, Fe-peak, and neutron-capture elements. We report the discovery of five carbon-enhanced metal-poor, one limited-r, three r-I, and four r-II stars, and six Mg-poor stars. We also identify one star of a possible globular cluster origin at an extremely low metallicity at [Fe/H]=-3.0. This adds to the growing evidence of a lower-limit metallicity floor for globular cluster abundances. We use the abundances of Fe-peak elements and the {alpha}-elements to investigate the contributions from different nucleosynthesis channels in the progenitor supernovae. We find the distribution of [Mg/Eu] as a function of [Fe/H] to have different enrichment levels, indicating different possible pathways and sites of their production. We also reveal differences in the trends of the neutron-capture element abundances of Sr, Ba, and Eu of various r-I and r-II stars from the RPA data releases, which provide constraints on their nucleosynthesis sites and subsequent evolution.2024ApJS..274...39Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/274/39CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)V/156 : LAMOST DR7 catalogs (Luo+, 2019)III/283 : RAVE 6th data release (Steinmetz+, 2020)I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)J/AJ/90/2089 : Stars of very low metal abundance. I (Beers+, 1985)J/AJ/103/1987 : Stars of very low metal abundance (Beers+ 1992)J/ApJ/595/1154 : Oxygen abundances in metal-poor stars (Fulbright+, 2003)J/A+A/416/1117 : Abundances in the early Galaxy (Cayrel+, 2004)J/ApJ/617/1091 : La and Eu abundances in 85 stars (Simmerer+, 2004)J/AJ/130/2140 : Abundances & velocities in globular clusters (Pritzl+, 2005)J/ApJ/655/492 : Equivalent widths of 26 metal-poor stars (Aoki+, 2007)J/ApJ/681/1524 : Detailed abundances for 28 metal-poor stars (Lai+, 2008)J/A+A/490/777 : Abundances of Population II stars in NGC 6397 (Lind+, 2008)J/A+A/501/519 : Extremely metal-poor turnoff stars abund. (Bonifacio+, 2009)J/A+A/505/139 : Abundances of red giants in 17 GCs (Carretta+, 2009)J/ApJ/724/341 : Nucleosynthesis of massive metal-free stars (Heger+, 2010)J/AJ/141/175 : Abundances in M15 RGB/RHB stars (Sobeck+, 2011)J/ApJS/199/38 : Presupernova evolution (Limongi+, 2012)J/ApJ/757/164 : Oxygen abundances of dwarf stars (Ramirez+, 2012)J/ApJ/769/87 : Kinematics of halo red giants (Carollo+, 2013)J/ApJ/778/56 : Hamburg/ESO Survey extremely metal-poor stars (Cohen+, 2013)J/ApJ/769/57 : Equivalent widths of metal-poor stars (Frebel+, 2013)J/ApJ/762/26 : Most metal-poor stars. II. 190 Gal. halo stars (Yong+, 2013)J/ApJ/788/180 : Very metal-poor stars in the MW's halo (Carollo+, 2014)J/ApJ/797/21 : Carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars (Placco+, 2014)J/ApJ/797/69 : Abundances of late-type stars (Roederer+, 2014)J/AJ/147/136 : Stars of very low metal abundance. VI. (Roederer+, 2014)J/A+A/579/A28 : Abundances of 3 CEMP stars (Bonifacio+, 2015)J/ApJ/830/93 : Abundances of Ret II brightest red giant members (Ji+, 2016)J/AJ/151/82 : The 4 brightest red giants in Ret 2 (Roederer+, 2016)J/ApJ/833/20 : Carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) star abund. (Yoon+, 2016)J/ApJ/847/142 : Ultra-metal-poor stars LTE & NLTE abund. (Ezzeddine+, 2017)J/MNRAS/465/501 : APOGEE N-rich stars in inner Galaxy (Schiavon+, 2017)J/ApJ/864/43 : Abund. of 3 bright extremely metal-poor giants (Cain+, 2018)J/ApJ/869/50 : Barium abundances of red giant branch stars (Duggan+, 2018)J/ApJ/858/92 : RPA Southern Pilot Search of 107 Stars (Hansen+, 2018)J/AJ/155/256 : Sp. validation of RAVE metal-poor stars (Placco+, 2018)J/AJ/156/179 : r-process-enhanced field stars kinematics (Roederer+, 2018)J/ApJ/868/110 : R-Process Alliance: 1st release in Gal. halo (Sakari+, 2018)J/A+A/630/A104 : Disk and halo stars C, O and Fe abundances (Amarsi+, 2019)J/A+A/631/A80 : Mn lines formation in late-type stars (Bergemann+, 2019)J/MNRAS/490/2219 : s-process enhanced stars in LAMOST (Norfolk+, 2019)J/ApJ/870/122 : Sp. of low-metallicity star candidates (Placco+, 2019)J/ApJ/883/84 : MIKE obs. of 2 metal-poor stars in Sylgr (Roederer+, 2019)J/ApJ/890/119 : Iron abund. in 3 very metal-poor stars (Cowan+, 2020)J/ApJ/898/150 : High-res. MIKE obs. of metal-poor stars (Ezzeddine+, 2020)J/ApJS/249/30 : RPA: metal-poor star spectroscopy (Holmbeck+, 2020)J/ApJ/897/78 : RAVE J183013.5-455510 equivalent-widths (Placco+, 2020)J/A+A/654/A170 : Abundances of metal-poor stars (Matas Pinto+, 2021)J/other/Nat/601.45 : C-19 stream members (Martin+, 2022)J/ApJS/260/27 : R-Process Alliance: UV sp. of HD 222925 (Roederer+, 2022)J/A+A/671/A124 : Composition of 206 SMC red giants (Mucciarelli+, 2023)J/A+A/682/A116 : Galactic halo stars abundances (Nissen+, 2024)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/274/39https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/274/39http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/274/39https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/274/39https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/274/39http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/274/39GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/274/39/targets (Observational details (Table 1) and stellar atmospheric parameters (Table 2) of the target stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/274/39/targets?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/274/39/targets?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/274/39/targets?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true3.220247.441066670.0055555555555555566/377 1395 2098 2195 2787 4341 4493 4799 4884 5023 5254 5386 6358 6427 6624 6697 7242 7462 8892 8949 9413 9436 9517 9640 9647 9674 10578 10630 11120 11212 11381 12639 12762 13386 23663 24248 28060 28337 28444 32303 36642https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/274/39?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJS/274/39/targetsObservational details (Table 1) and stellar atmospheric parameters (Table 2) of the target starsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint2MASS2MASS identifier (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryf_2MASSFlag on 2MASS (1)meta.code;meta.idcharRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainVmag[10.7/15.81]? Visual magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatnullableJmag[10.4/13.74] J-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.JfloatExp[600/2000] Exposure timestime.duration;obs.exposureintSNR[9/48] Signal-to-noise ratio at 5000{AA}stat.snr;em.optintRVGaia[-285.9/353.4]? Radial velocity from Gaiakm/sspect.dopplerVeloc.optfloatnullableGaiaDisplay data from Gaia DR3 (I/355) within 3"meta.ref.urlcharHRV[-392.2/353.4] Heliocentric radial velocity from our spectrakm/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.heliocentricfloatNpNumber of abundance measurements for this star (link to Table 5)meta.numberintnullableTeff[4140/5900] LTE effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintlogg[0.02/3.92] LTE log of surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatVt[0.49/3.46] LTE microturbulent velocitykm/sphys.veloc.microTurbfloat[Fe/H][-3.45/-0.19] LTE metallicityphys.abund.FefloatTeffc[4396/5980] LTE_corr_ effective temperature (2)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintloggc[0.58/4.13] LTE_corr_ log of surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatVtc[0.92/3.81] LTE_corr_ microturbulent velocitykm/sphys.veloc.microTurbfloat[Fe/H]c[-3.3/-0.14] LTE_corr_ metallicityphys.abund.Fefloatsigma[0.11/0.29] {sigma}_[FeI/H]_stat.error;phys.abund.FefloatNFeI[32/92] Number of FeI linesmeta.number;em.lineintNFeII[3/14] Number of FeII linesmeta.number;em.lineintJ/ApJS/274/39/table5Atomic line properties, equivalent widths, absolute abundances, and measurement uncertainties of the target starsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint2MASS2MASS identifier (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)meta.id;meta.maincharSpecies[11.0/30.0] Species code identifier (1)phys.atmol.ionStagefloatWave[3842/6768] Wavelength; Angstroms1e-10mem.wldoubleExPot[0/4.6] Excitation potentialeVphys.atmol.excitationfloatloggf[-4.8/0.64] log oscillator strengthphys.atmol.oscStrengthfloatEW[1.5/447] Equivalent width; milli-Angstroms1e-13mspect.line.eqWidthfloate_EW[0.1/2] Uncertainty in EW1e-13mstat.error;spect.line.eqWidthfloatA(X)[-0.52/7.74] log absolute abundancephys.abundfloat