J/ApJS/274/35ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/274/35doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22740035CDSIsaacson H.Howard A.W.Fulton B.Petigura E.A.Weiss L.M.Kane S.R.,Carter B.Beard C.Giacalone S.Van Zandt J.Murphy J.M.A.Dai F.,Chontos A.Polanski A.S.Rice M.Lubin J.Brinkman C.Rubenzahl R.A.,Blunt S.Yee S.W.MacDougall M.G.Dalba P.A.Tyler D.Behmard A.,Angelo I.Pidhorodetska D.Mayo A.W.Holcomb R.Turtelboom E.V.,Hill M.L.Bouma L.G.Zhang J.Crossfield I.J.M.Saunders N.2026-05-18T20:06:53Z2025-05-16T17:11:36ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frvisible-astronomyspectroscopystellar-agestwo-color-diagramssurveysWe present optical spectroscopy of 710 solar neighborhood stars collected over 20 years to catalog chromospheric activity and search for stellar activity cycles. The California Legacy Survey stars are amenable to exoplanet detection using precise radial velocities, and we present their CaII H and K time series as a proxy for stellar and chromospheric activity. Using the High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer at Keck Observatory, we measured stellar flux in the cores of the CaII H and K lines to determine S-values on the Mount Wilson scale and the log(R_HK_^'^) metric, which is comparable across a wide range of spectral types. From the 710 stars, with 52372 observations, 285 stars were sufficiently sampled to search for stellar activity cycles with periods of 2-25yr, and 138 stars showed stellar cycles of varying length and amplitude. S-values can be used to mitigate stellar activity in the detection and characterization of exoplanets. We used them to probe stellar dynamos and to place the Sun's magnetic activity into context among solar neighborhood stars. Using precise stellar parameters and time- averaged activity measurements, we found tightly constrained cycle periods as a function of stellar temperature between log(R_HK_^'^) of -4.7 and -4.9, a range of activity in which nearly every star has a periodic cycle. These observations present the largest sample of spectroscopically determined stellar activity cycles to date.2024ApJS..274...35Ihttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/274/35CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIII/159 : Ca II H and K Measurements Made at MWO (Duncan+ 1991)J/AJ/111/439 : Chromospheric emission in late-type stars. (Henry+ 1996)J/ApJS/152/261 : Chromospheric Ca II emission in nearby stars (Wright+, 2004)J/A+A/469/309 : Chromosph. activity in late-type stars (Cincunegui+, 2007)J/ApJ/687/1264 : Age estimation for solar-type dwarfs (Mamajek+, 2008)J/ApJ/725/875 : Chromospheric activity for CPS stars (Isaacson+, 2010)J/ApJ/754/37 : HD 192263 radial velocities and photometry (Dragomir+, 2012)J/ApJ/763/L26 : SMARTS observations of eps Eridani (Metcalfe+, 2013)J/ApJS/210/5 : The twenty-five year Lick planet search (Fischer+, 2014)J/ApJS/210/20 : Small Kepler planets radial velocities (Marcy+, 2014)J/MNRAS/444/3517 : BCool survey of solar-type stars (Marsden+ 2014)J/ApJS/211/24 : Rotation periods of Kepler MS stars (McQuillan+, 2014)J/ApJ/805/175 : Keck and APF radial velocities of HD7924 (Fulton+, 2015)J/ApJ/821/74 : 27yr of RV observations of HD 219134 (Johnson+, 2016)J/A+A/602/A88 : 5 M dwarfs radial velocity curves (Astudillo-Defru+, 2017)J/AJ/154/107 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). I. (Petigura+, 2017)J/ApJ/836/77 : Library of high-S/N opt. spectra of FGKM stars (Yee+, 2017)J/MNRAS/474/2094 : Inferring probabilistic stellar rot. periods (Angus+, 2018)J/A+A/616/A108 : Cool stars chromospheric activity cat. (Boro Saikia+, 2018)J/AJ/156/264 : CKS. VII. Planet radius gap (Fulton+, 2018)J/AJ/159/235 : RVel jitters in ~600 planet host stars (Luhn+, 2020)J/A+A/646/A77 : Chromosph. activity from AMBRE-HARPS (Gomes da Silva+, 2021)J/AJ/162/61 : RVel follow up of Barnard's star with HPF (Lubin+, 2021)J/A+A/652/A116 : CARMENES time-resolved CaII H&K catalog (Perdelwitz+, 2021)J/AJ/163/183 : S-value for 59 Sun-like starswith HIRES & HKP (Baum+, 2022)J/ApJ/936/L23 : T4 APT photometry of HD 166620 (Luhn+, 2022)J/AJ/166/260 : Wolf 359 Keck/HIRES & MAROONX RVel (Bowens-Rubin+, 2023)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/274/35https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/274/35http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/274/35https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/274/35https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/274/35http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/274/35GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/274/35/table2 (Average activity values)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/274/35/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/274/35/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/274/35/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true24.2859472-29.39326330.0055555555555555566/60 100 118 137 181 188 237 309 311 322 400 414 475 524 679 684 742 748 811 814-815 819 824 934 944 987 1033 1058 1098 1186 1201 1209 1237 1341 1530 1556 1576-1577 1642 1790 1808 1827 1875 1938 1997 2110 2167 2240 2273 2472 2497 2515 2622 2724 2737 2747 2829 2870 2895 2961 3020 3031 3095 3102 3372 3494 3509 3622 3638-3639 3691 3715 3780 3791 3915 3979 3981 4136 4156 4278 4366 4444 4634 4665 4735 4766 4839 5009 5160 5207 5230 5266 5304 5308-5309 5420 5488 5522 5534 5587 5622 5631 5676 5726 5824 5836 5853 5899 6087 6226 6308 6409 6672 6760 6766 6791 6831 6926 6953 7240 7245 7264 7299 7443 7471 7512 7736 7745-7746 7772 7866 7868 7978 8023 8094 8123 8224 8239 8279 8319 8357 8424 8440 8444 8466 8614 8663 8733 8790 8792 8843 8887 9105 9339 9354 9403 9442 9476 9492 9529 9537 9578 9585 9602 9648 9662 9679 9801 9843 9873 9934 10004 10062 10149 10313 10325 10334 10350 10400 10457 10598 10812 10854 10899 10914 10926 11126 11391 11405 11412 11589 11633 11636 11671 11713 11746 11806 11862 12312 12388 12467 12634 12644 12654 12846 12856 12890 12899 12944 12983 13025 13047 13215 13301 13487 13567-13568 13749 13769 14089 14266 14278 14290 14411-14412 14419 14466 14502 14515 14525 14531 14539 14548 14649 14662 14679 14709 14850 14948 14985 14993-14994 15014 15030 15044 15154 15174 15221 15227 15273 15311 15602 15658 15727 15864 15960 16069 16185 16274 16342 16350 16391 16440 16502 16603 16635 16639 16652 16679 16689 16883 17028 17137 17187 17218 17266 17301 17314 17341 17425 17453 17496 17606-17607 17637 17721 17726 17730-17731 17812 17870 17944 17999 18035 18115 18135 18139 18184 18195 18299 18373 18466 18614 18641 18658 18666 18711 18726 18747-18748 18779 18821 18966 19059 19064 19109 19140 19186 19219 19291 19327 19350 19391 19466 19488 19491 19509 19554 19649 19808 19900 19904 19912 20023 20100 20132 20145 20237 20311 20328 20392 20402 20593 20605 20621 20641 20665 20739 20872 20896 21060 21151 21171 21185 21477 21484 21550 21673 21691 21703 21726 21747 21779 21838 21906 21912 21953 22036 22040 22094 22111 22125 22157 22159 22201 22252 22309 22408 22590 22626 22708 22800 22807 22813 22818 22878 22982 23013 23018 23030 23056 23068 23096 23137 23141 23159 23177 23187 23323 23363 23382 23414 23506 23513 23560 23583 23636 23665 23731 23739 23774 23780 23867 23893 23938 24016 24019 24028 24036 24105 24178 24212-24213 24227 24312 24558 24628 24713 24777 24810 24831 24920 24924 24995 25009 25078 25102 25125 25407 25567 25641 25862 25875 25880 25906 25939 25966 25989 26160 26183 26216 26242 26305 26328 26379 26429 26440 26496 26538 26555 26560 26575 26583 26636 26652 26706 26761 26772 26809 26828 26906 26972 26978 27018 27088 27201 27254-27255 27289 27314 27392 27402 27459 27518 27645 27661 27719 27756 27759 27954 27973 27975 28086 28122 28130 28180 28244 28341 28343 28400 28548 28605 28646 28664 28763 28792 28816 28961 28987 29084 29196 29210 29289 29513 29541 29596 29640 29684 29756 29852 29900 30015 30176 30195 30218 30257 30308 30343 30419 30489 30505 30526 30529 30540 30577 30579 30665 30771 30779 30837 30848 30878 30919 30943 30965 30989 31011 31029 31087 31130 31145 31191 31279 31369 31411 31425 31433 31449 31478 31545 31714 31720 31768 31772 31781 31785 31812 31860 31984 32001 32035 32083 32089 32100 32115 32318 32328 32335 32399 32491 32509 32561 32575 32596 32609 32645 32757 34181 34597 34673 34739 35564 35691 35707 35802 35811 36029 36069 36115 36174 36288 36365 36635 36693 36697 36723 36735 36813 38545 38698 38734 38742 38807 38880 39422 39646 39767 39854 40078 40105 40242 40250 40442 40513 40590 40610 40692 40822 41941 42459-42460 42794 42845 42860 42874 42911 43639 43813 43911 44006 44115 44180 44221 44243 44262 44359 44681 44728 44792 44816 44879 44891 44921 44936-44937 46566 46874 46910 46956 46967 46982 46997 47589 47858 48105 48182 48274 48373 48652 48705 48736 48821 48906 48923 48926 48955 48964 49060 49114https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/274/35?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJS/274/35/table2Average activity valuesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of starmeta.id;meta.maincharprimarySmin[0.105/8.2] Minimum S-valuespect.index;stat.minfloatSmax[0.108/10.5] Maximum S-valuespect.index;stat.maxfloatSmed[0.1078/9.3] Median S-valuespect.index;stat.medianfloatSSD[0.0004/0.52] S-value standard deviationspect.index;stat.stdevdoubleNobs[4/1028] Number of observationsmeta.number;obsintB-V[0.44/1.5] B-V colormagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.VfloatlogRhk[-5.43/-3.79] Log of R'_HK_phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableAge[0/19.12] Activity derived stellar ageGyrtime.agefloatI10Display data from Isaacson+ 2010, J/ApJ/725/875meta.ref.urlintnullableCStellar cycle data (link to Table 4)meta.ref.urlintnullableActInteractive Chromospheric time serie Plotmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableJ/ApJS/274/35/table3Chromospheric time series for 710 starsNameName of starmeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFileNameName of filemeta.id;meta.filecharBJD[13237.7/20294.2] Barycentric Julian Date; BJD-2440000dtime.epochdoubleindexedS[0.1/10.5] S-valuespect.indexfloatSNR[7/121] Signal-to-noise ratiostat.snrintDeckerDecker aperture (1)instr.fovcharSeeing[0.7/4]? Measured seeingarcsecinstr.obsty.seeingfloatnullableJ/ApJS/274/35/table4Detected stellar cycles for 138 starsNameName of starmeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintAmp[0.14/2.1] Cycle amplitudesrc.var.amplitudefloatPer[2.3/23.5] Activity derived rotation periodyrtime.periodfloatThresh[0.2/4.12] Calculated thresholdinstr.sensitivity;meta.modelledfloatPeak1[0.5/14.3] Primary peakmeta.notefloatPeak2[0.1/2.4] Secondary peakmeta.notefloat