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<ri:Resource created="2025-05-16T15:20:09Z" status="active" updated="2025-06-03T20:10:31Z" version="1.2" xmlns:cs="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/ConeSearch/v1.0" xmlns:ri="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/RegistryInterface/v1.0" xmlns:vr="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VOResource/v1.0" xmlns:vs="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VODataService/v1.1" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/ConeSearch/v1.0 http://vo.ari.uni-heidelberg.de/docs/schemata/ConeSearch.xsd http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VOResource/v1.0 http://vo.ari.uni-heidelberg.de/docs/schemata/VOResource.xsd http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VODataService/v1.1 http://vo.ari.uni-heidelberg.de/docs/schemata/VODataService.xsd" xsi:type="vs:CatalogService"><title>Robust statistics of var. for Gaia CRF3 sources</title><shortName>J/ApJS/274/27</shortName><identifier>ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/274/27</identifier><altIdentifier>doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22740027</altIdentifier><curation><publisher ivo-id="ivo://CDS">CDS</publisher><creator><name>Makarov V.V.</name></creator><date role="Updated">2025-06-03T20:10:31Z</date><date role="Created">2025-05-16T15:20:09Z</date><contact><name>CDS support team</name><address>CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France</address><email>cds-question@unistra.fr</email></contact></curation><content><subject>quasars</subject><subject>active-galactic-nuclei</subject><subject>photometry</subject><subject>visible-astronomy</subject><subject>two-color-diagrams</subject><description>Using the light-curve time-series data for more than 11.7 million variable sources published in the Gaia Data Release 3, the average magnitudes, colors, and variability parameters have been computed for 0.836 million Gaia CRF objects, which are mostly quasars and active galactic nuclei (AGNs). To mitigate the effects of occasional flukes in the data, robust statistical measures have been employed: namely, the median, median absolute deviation, and Spearman correlation. We find that the majority of the CRF sources have moderate amplitudes of variability in the Gaia G band just below 0.1 mag. The heavy-tailed distribution of variability amplitudes (quantified as robust standard deviations) does not find a single analytical form, but is closer to Maxwell distribution with a scale of 0.078 mag. The majority of CRF sources have positive correlations between G magnitude and G_BP_-G_RP_ colors, meaning that these quasars and AGNs become bluer when they are brighter. The variations in the G_BP_ and G_RP_ bands are also mostly positively correlated. Dependencies of all variability parameters with cosmological redshift are fairly flat for the more accurate estimates above redshift 0.7, while the median color shows strong systematic variations with redshift. Using a robust normalized score of magnitude deviations, a sample of the 5000 most variable quasars is selected and published. The intersection of this sample with the ICRF3 catalog shows a much higher rate of strongly variable quasars (mostly blazars) in ICRF3.</description><source format="bibcode">2024ApJS..274...27M</source><referenceURL>https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/274/27</referenceURL><type>Catalog</type><contentLevel>Research</contentLevel><relationship><relationshipType>IsServedBy</relationshipType><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/TAP">TAP VizieR generic service</relatedResource></relationship><relationship><relationshipType>IsServedBy</relationshipType><relatedResource>Conesearch service</relatedResource></relationship><relationship><relationshipType>related-to</relationshipType><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/I/323">I/323 : International Celestial Reference Frame 2, ICRF2 (Ma+, 2009)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/I/325">I/325 : Radio-optical reference frame link (Zacharias+ 2013)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/I/355">I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. 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20873-20874 20888 20897 20899 20908 20914 20929 21002-21003 21007 21015 21019 21026 21030 21033 21040 21043 21049 21058 21060 21070 21073 21076 21082 21090 21096 21099 21121-21122 21128-21129 21131 21133-21135 21140 21145 21147-21148 21155 21160 21164 21168 21171-21172 21174 21179 21186 21188 21192 21203 21211 21214-21216 21221 21241 21248 21266 21286 21616 21621 21624 21629 21711 21755-21756 21768 21771 21793 21800 21844 21855 21860 21879 21908 21935 21951 21958 21960 21963 21967 21972 21983 21991 22003 22005 22050 22116 22282 22285 22290 22305 22311 22330 22341 22365 22367 22394 22397 22436 22488 22499 22519 22522 22534-22535 22537 22542 22562 22565 22569-22570 22580 22582-22583 22604 22618 22620-22621 22624 22626 22631-22632 22648 22654 22658-22659 22668 22670 22678 22686 22710-22711 22717 22720 22730 22743 22755 22758 22761 22787 22789 22812 22818 22829 22847 22882-22883 22889 22914 22917 22923 22941 22952 22974 22979 22987 23001 23014-23015 23025 23027 23077 23099 23105 23127-23128 23134 23181 23203 23211 23216 23222 23231 23246 23252 23254 23269 23353 23362-23364 23371 23402 23418 23436 23469 23478 23502 23505 23691 23715 23719 23859 23897 23901 23919 23932 24055 24057 24099 24112 24123 24140 24260 24435 24578 24580 24592 24608-24609 24612 24625 24629 24632 24651 24687 24698 24731 24734 24749 24753-24754 24762-24763 24771 24776 24785 24789 24801-24803 24805 24815 24818 24820 24828 24831 24836 24845 24861 24870 24885 24900 24902 24906 24929 24939 24948 24952 24968-24969 24980 24998 25009 25036 25040 25061 25064 25079 25082 25089 25093 25097 25108-25109 25117 25127-25128 25139 25170 25174-25175 25178 25184 25196 25209 25213 25221 25237 25259 25261 25281 25301 25309 25317 25352 25374 25391 25401 25420 25479-25481 25486 25495 25519 25538-25539 25544 25561 25580-25581 25588 25599 25612 25630 25634 25638 25647 25649 25666 25669 25677 25705 25735 25742 25747 25781 25801 25805 25817 25825 25841 25846 25850 25854 25857 25862 25864 25875 25879 25892 25910 25920 25932 25941 25951 25965 25975 25994 26017 26019 26030 26036 26056 26070-26071 26073 26082-26083 26090 26125 26134 26161 26170 26191 26203 26213 26224 26227 26240 26245 26254 26256 26270 26272 26274 26276 26316 26322 26331 26335 26340 26363 26365 26376 26379 26389 26397-26398 26401 26420 26440 26452 26454 26465 26468 26470 26483 26499-26502 26509 26515 26539 26542 26550 26565 26569 26574 26576 26599 26602 26606 26608 26611 26614-26615 26623 26626 26628 26652 26691 26694-26695 26716 26728 26736 26740 26742 26755 26798 26824 26887 26898 26901 26956 26964 26969 26977 26983 26989 26995 27002 27026 27031 27037 27039 27060 27088 27092 27097 27116 27138 27155 27192 27215 27227 27229 27235-27236 27243-27244 27253 27264-27265 27270 27281 27296-27297 27309-27311 27317 27332 27368 27377 27391 27427 27472 27474 27493 27495 27509 27513 27518 27523-27524 27544 27552 27562 27564 27602 27624 27627-27628 27630-27631 27654 27674 27688 27691 27714-27716 27721 27728 27741 27766-27767 27814-27815 27823 27834 27845 27848 27852 27862 27879 27894-27895 27902 27929 27935 27945 27949 27954 27959 27976 27982-27983 27986 27988 28021 28025 28029 28042 28047 28060 28086 28089 28101 28106 28117 28122 28128 28135 28138-28139 28158 28179 28194 28200 28216 28225 28236 28245 28248 28286 28289-28290 28312 28321 28346 28369 28380 28389 28401 28412 28419 28421 28426-28427 28438 28440 28454 28477 28479 28492 28500 28505-28506 28512 28517 28519 28527 28532 28534 28539-28540 28542-28543 28552 28564 28575 28629 28634 28636 28644 28654-28655 28660 28663 28666 28736 29016-29017 29212 29218 29398 29480 29620 29828 29876 29952 29974 30020 30041 30071 30160 30195 30873 30885 30907 30933 31107 31138 31159 31190 31201 31210 31215 31239 31268 31333 31354-31355 31387 31396-31397 31407 31417 31430 31443 31461 31465 31484-31485 31496 31498 31500 31519 31523 31527-31528 31539 31542 31550 31558 31561 31563 31566 31598 31617 31620 31631-31632 31641 31649-31650 31652-31653 31656 31663-31664 31666 31679 31685-31686 31694 31696 31723 31763 31773 31894 31898 31921 31936 31967 31970 31995 32034 32131 32174 32230 32245 32259 32261 32278-32279 32282 32288 32301 32311 32313-32314 32318 32322 32335 32344 32346 32358 32362 32370 32379 32385 32388 32392 32403 32405 32435 32437 32440 32447 32451 32454 32456 32458 32461 32468-32469 32473-32474 32477 32483 32486 32493 32495 32499 32511 32517 32526-32527 32537 32553 32557 32563 32580 32591 32596 32605-32606 32611 32615 32617 32621 32623 32632 32634 32639 32642 32647 32658 32660 32665-32667 32674-32675 32679 32685 32691 32696 32698 32700-32701 32703 32712 32729 32731 32736 32738 32789 32805 32813 32817-32819 32841 32863 32865 32897 32904 32909 32913 32918 32924 32931 32948 32961-32962 32965 32985-32986 32997-32998 33012 33021 33032 33037 33040 33043 33058 33092 33147 33203 33206 33211 33214-33215 33226 33231 33238 33240 33251 33254 33256 33260 33271 33277 33290 33296 33302 33323 33334-33335 33351 33356 33358 33369 33378 33380-33381 33394 33412 33427 33437 33457 33463-33464 33467 33479 33489 33493-33494 33496-33497 33502-33504 33512 33514 33517 33521 33523-33524 33527-33529 33540 33542 33546 33553 33558 33563 33567 33575 33578 33580 33583-33584 33589 33604 33607 33610 33618 33620 33629 33632 33634-33635 33644 33646 33652-33653 33662-33663 33668 33675-33677 33679 33684 33702-33704 33707 33714 33716 33720 33722 33728 33731 33734 33738 33741 33744 33747 33749 33761 33768 33779-33780 33783 33786 33819 33825 33831-33832 33838 33849 33871 33874 33880 33882 33886 33890 33898 33911 33913-33914 33917 33924 33927 33930 33943 33963 33968 33971 33981 33984-33985 33999 34009 34011 34013 34019 34026 34034 34037 34041-34042 34048 34053 34058 34065-34066 34085-34086 34091 34095 34099 34113 34115 34118 34121 34123 34128 34134 34143 34157 34159 34161 34169 34188 34201 34207 34209 34214 34224 34227 34229 34234 34256 34264 34277 34281 34284 34287 34290 34299 34309 34311 34316-34317 34319 34322 34344 34348 34350 34352 34354 34362 34365-34366 34369-34370 34372 34381 34394 34398 34401 34414 34421 34424 34426-34428 34437 34449 34451 34456 34460-34461 34464 34470 34472 34474 34483 34489 34493 34501 34503-34504 34508 34510 34517 34522 34527-34528 34531 34542 34558-34559 34567 34572-34573 34578 34580 34583-34584 34588 34590 34602 34604-34605 34613 34620 34622-34623 34631 34637 34643 34646 34652-34653 34656-34657 34664-34665 34674-34675 34683-34684 34687 34690 34693 34699 34702 34710 34714 34719 34722-34723 34732 34734 34739 34749 34767 34770 34779-34780 34783 34785 34789-34790 34792 34794 34798 34800-34802 34805-34806 34808 34821 34824 34826-34827 34830 34837 34842 34844 34846 34848 34855 34865 34871-34872 34874 34876 34894 34899-34901 34906 34917 34920-34921 34927 34931 34937-34938 34946 34950 34952 34957 34960 34963 34967 34985 34992 34998 35000-35001 35003 35006 35008 35010 35014-35015 35018 35024 35034 35038-35039 35044-35045 35051-35054 35057-35058 35062-35064 35066 35076 35079 35081 35085 35088 35093 35097 35099-35100 35103-35104 35106-35107 35110 35116 35123 35133 35135-35138 35141 35145-35147 35150 35153 35160 35162 35165 35170 35172 35174 35178-35180 35184 35187 35194 35201 35205 35208 35213 35219 35222 35224 35227 35235 35237-35238 35240 35246 35249-35252 35255 35258-35259 35262-35263 35265 35270 35273-35274 35276 35280 35284 35286 35290 35294 35299 35306 35309 35311 35313 35316-35318 35324 35329 35333 35336 35345 35354-35355 35359-35360 35362-35363 35365-35366 35368 35374-35376 35378 35380 35384 35394-35395 35400-35402 35404 35406-35407 35410 35412 35414 35420-35421 35429-35430 35434-35435 35437-35438 35440-35441 35445 35448 35453 35461 35466 35472 35479 35488 35495 35498-35499 35507 35511 35517 35521-35523 35526 35535 35538 35540 35542 35551 35555 35562 35576 35584-35586 35589 35591 35595 35599 35605-35607 35609 35613 35615 35617 35620-35622 35624 35626 35634 35637 35642 35649 35651 35655-35656 35658 35664 35666 35668 35671 35678 35680-35682 35685-35687 35690 35696 35700 35703 35706 35712 35714 35718 35721-35722 35732 35741 35747 35755 35761 35763-35764 35771 35778 35788 35793-35794 35796 35798 35804 35806-35807 35821 35830 35836-35837 35839 35848-35849 35868 35873-35874 35883-35885 35889 35892-35893 35895 35901 35906-35907 35910 35912 35921 35925 35929 35932 35934 35936 35938-35939 35943 35947 35949-35950 35957 35959 35961-35965 35969 35971 35975 35977-35978 35980-35981 35984 35987 36000 36003-36005 36008 36016 36018 36021 36035 36038-36039 36043 36048 36059 36069 36077 36090 36097 36099-36100 36103-36104 36109 36115-36116 36123-36126 36129 36132 36138-36139 36141 36144 36147 36149 36153 36155 36161-36162 36165 36167 36172 36175-36176 36207 36214 36217 36219 36225 36234-36235 36256 36271 36278 36289-36291 36295 36297 36313 36316 36319 36334 36348 36353 36382 36391 36394 36403 36409 36411 36413 36421 36425 36428 36443 36448 36451 36454 36457-36459 36466 36474 36480 36482 36487-36488 36490 36492 36495 36501 36508 36518-36520 36529 36533 36538-36539 36541 36552 36581 36607 36664 36672 36694 36749 36766 36791-36792 36856 36874-36875 36881-36882 36884 36910 36923 36941-36942 36946 36969 36994 37021-37023 37061 37078 37103 37311 37377 37382 37385 37396 37438 37445 37455 37458 37487 37492 37512 37540 37549 37572 37600 37667 37688 37994 38172 38198 38216 38229 38236 38238 38241 38252 38256 38266 38277 38279 38287 38296 38300 38305 38308-38310 38313-38314 38317 38319 38325 38329 38332 38340 38349 38355 38389 38493-38495 38520 38579 38591 38605 38609-38611 38635 38637 38645 38651-38653 38662 38664 38680 38687 38704 38721 38723-38724 38741 38753 38757-38759 38763 38769-38770 38772 38785 38787-38788 38793-38794 38800 38802-38804 38814 38818 38836-38837 38840 38849 38884 38890 38898 38923 38944 38952 38962 38972 38986 39010 39018 39025-39026 39085 39088 39100 39117 39164 39210 39425 39439 39445 39447 39449 39466 39489-39490 39505 39525 39528 39531 39542 39544 39555 39562 39570 39618 39622-39623 39658 39841 39848 39957 39974 40009 40012 40032 40037 40151 40171 40202 40204-40205 40214 40228 40265 40278 40306 40321-40322 40326 40334 40337 40344 40346 40360 40367-40368 40375 40383 40400 40422 40434 40443 40479 40508 40538-40539 40544 40557 40562 40566 40635 40666 40681 40689 40703 40709 40728 40731-40732 40739 40742 40745 40747 40755 40758 40762 40766 40772 40786 40811 40814 40825 40827 40831 40842 40844 40874 40885 40899 40907 40919 40923 40938 40947 40979 40984 40989 40997 41008 41032 41047-41048 41066 41073 41086 41223 41226 41238 41286 41325 41335 41344 41363 41416 41499 41574 41942 41988-41989 42003 42040 42188 42834 42912 43085 43112 43243 43361 43380 43390 43399 43418 43451 43477 43563 43572 43596-43598 43603 43612 43643 43655 43660 43663 43673 43686 43695-43696 43698 43705 43710 43727 43729-43730 43732 43734 43749 43762 43765 43770 43813 43817 43822 43888 43908 43916 43928 43954 43962 43996 43999 44043 44125 44131 44141 44153 44170 44206 44218 44255 44290 44313 44326 44358 44428 44447 44449 44458 44460 44469 44502 44524 44526 44543 44549 44568 44572 44585-44586 44616 44639 44650 44669 44689 44694 44722 44732 44740 44746 44750 44782 44790 44813 44859 44884 44890 44898 44902 44908 44958 44981 44987 45042 45057 45061 45068 45081 45094 45111 45122 45133 45141-45143 45145 45159 45201 45214 45222 45229 45233 45241-45242 45245-45246 45251-45252 45258 45261 45267 45270 45272 45274 45276-45277 45284 45293 45295 45303 45305 45307 45311 45316-45318 45339 45341 45348 45358 45368 45370-45371 45374 45401-45402 45406-45410 45416 45422 45427 45434-45435 45438 45446-45447 45449 45463 45467 45469 45472 45476 45482-45485 45487 45491-45492 45494 45496-45497 45499-45500 45508 45513 45515 45518 45523 45525 45533-45534 45543 45546-45549 45554 45559 45564 45567 45569 45581 45586 45588 45604 45606 45610 45619 45623-45624 45630 45637 45640 45646 45648 45651 45654 45656-45657 45661 45666-45667 45671 45674 45689-45690 45697 45699 45704-45705 45713-45714 45717 45725 45727 45757 45770 45780 45783 45788 45806 45812 45814 45816 45820 45828-45829 45833 45836 45839 45854 45857 45864 45871 45874 45880-45881 45885 45888 45895 45907 45923 45926 45933-45934 45937 45942 45946 45950 45969 45976 45997 46012 46019 46021 46023 46032 46034-46035 46055 46057 46066-46067 46083 46090 46097 46106 46109 46112-46113 46117 46120 46124 46126-46127 46132 46134 46137 46139 46142-46143 46151 46159-46160 46162 46167 46172 46186 46192-46193 46198 46204 46213 46216 46218-46219 46221 46224 46227 46237 46239 46241 46251 46255 46258 46261 46264 46267 46271 46285 46288 46303 46310 46313 46325-46326 46330 46334 46337 46341-46342 46358 46363 46370-46374 46378 46388 46414 46433 46444-46445 46448 46465 46469 46495 46506 46521 46538 46545-46546 46555 46564 46568 46573 46588-46589 46593 46597-46598 46601-46602 46604 46606-46607 46619 46622 46628 46634 46642 46648 46662 46677 46687 46690-46691 46693 46700-46701 46706 46711 46716-46717 46726-46727 46731 46735 46740 46747 46753-46754 46757 46766 46772 46787 46795 46798 46800 46817 46835 46838 46846-46847 46872-46873 46887 46906 46932 46951 46969-46970 46988 46993 46995 46999 47003-47004 47010 47014 47016 47021 47023 47027 47031 47046 47069 47094 47101 47106 47117 47120 47131-47132 47152 47167 47183 47214-47216 47220 47231 47237 47248 47296-47297 47304 47313 47316 47352 47382 47398 47402 47412-47413 47417 47432 47448 47461 47464 47467 47482 47497 47538 47540 47561 47565 47574 47593 47595 47599 47708 47938 47946 47996 48022-48023 48060 48135 48138 48140 48154-48155 48188 48193 48195 48223 48245 48259 48286 48308 48327-48328 48331 48380 48386 48394 48398 48400 48410 48422 48426 48435 48440 48442 48452 48460 48477 48487 48491 48493 48498 48503-48504 48529 48532 48537 48582 48595 48602 48624 48643 48660 48700 48731 48750 48752 48758 48765 48768-48769 48798 48818 48839 48865 48867 48933 48943 48959 48962 48972 48985 48993 49012 49046 49071 49076-49077 49098 49117 49126-49127 49135</spatial><footprint ivo-id="ivo://ivoa.net/std/moc">https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/274/27?format=ascii</footprint><waveband>Optical</waveband></coverage><tableset><schema><name>default</name><table><name>J/ApJS/274/27/table1</name><description>Robust variability parameters of 5033 most variable Gaia Celestial Reference Frame (CRF) quasars and AGNs</description><column><name>recno</name><description>Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.</description><ucd>meta.record</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>GaiaDR3</name><description>Gaia DR3 source identifier</description><ucd>meta.id;meta.main</ucd></column><column><name>RA_ICRS</name><description>Mean Right Ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=2016.0 (1)</description><unit>deg</unit><ucd>pos.eq.ra;meta.main</ucd></column><column><name>DE_ICRS</name><description>Mean Declination (ICRS) at Epoch=2016.0 (1)</description><unit>deg</unit><ucd>pos.eq.dec;meta.main</ucd></column><column><name>GmagMed</name><description>[13.48/20.2] Median G magnitude, Equation 1</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.median;phot.mag;em.opt</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>GmagsMAD</name><description>[0.029/1.6] Scaled median absolute deviation in G, Equation 2</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.stdev;stat.median;phot.mag</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>Zp</name><description>[8.5/313] Analog to normalized variability score, Equation 3 (2)</description><ucd>src.var.index</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>NepG</name><description>[11/155] Number of single-epoch G band measurements</description><ucd>meta.number</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>BP-RPMed</name><description>[0.07/5.4]? Median BP-RP color, Equation 1</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.R</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>BP-RPsMAD</name><description>[0.01/2]? Scaled median absolute deviation, BP-RP color</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.R</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>BPmagsMAD</name><description>[0.006/1.7]? Scaled median absolute deviation, BP magnitude</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.stdev;phot.mag;em.opt.B</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>RPmagsMAD</name><description>[0.01/1.8]? Scaled median absolute deviation, RP magnitude</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.stdev;phot.mag;em.opt.R</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>rho1</name><description>[-0.91/1]? Spearman's rank correlation, (G,BP-RP)</description><ucd>stat.correlation;phot.mag;phot.color</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>rho2</name><description>[-0.12/1]? Spearman's rank correlation, (BP,RP)</description><ucd>stat.correlation;em.opt.B;em.opt.R</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>Simbad</name><description>Simbad column added by the CDS</description><ucd>meta.ref.url</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="*">char</dataType></column></table></schema></tableset></ri:Resource>