J/ApJS/273/5ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/273/5doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22730005CDSTownsley L.K.Broos P.S.Povich M.S.2025-02-27T20:14:45Z2025-01-10T09:25:59ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frstar-forming-regionsx-ray-sourcesastronomical-object-identificationyoung-stellar-objectsvisible-astronomyinfrared-astronomypulsarslocal-groupThe Tarantula Nebula (30 Doradus, 30 Dor) is the most important star-forming complex in the Local Group, offering a microscope on starburst astrophysics. At its heart lies the exceptionally rich young stellar cluster R136, containing the most massive stars known. Stellar winds and supernovae have carved 30 Dor into an amazing display of arcs, pillars, and bubbles. We present first results and advanced data-processing products from the 2 Ms Chandra X-ray Visionary Project, "The Tarantula-Revealed by X-rays" (T-ReX). The 3615 point sources in the T-ReX catalog include massive stars, compact objects, binaries, bright pre-main-sequence stars, and compact young stellar (sub)clusters in 30 Dor. After removing point sources and excluding the exceptionally bright supernova remnant N157B (30 Dor B), the global diffuse X-ray maps reveal hot plasma structures resolved at 1-10pc scales, with an absorption-corrected total-band (0.5-7keV) X-ray luminosity of 2.110x10^37^erg/s. Spatially resolved spectral modeling provides evidence for emission lines enhanced by charge-exchange processes at the interfaces. We identify a candidate for the oldest X-ray pulsar detected to date in 30 Dor, PSR J0538-6902, inside a newly resolved arcuate X-ray wind nebula, the Manta Ray. The long temporal baseline of T-ReX allowed monitoring of dozens of massive stars, several showing periodic variability tied to binary orbital periods, and captured strong flares from at least three low-mass Galactic foreground stars.2024ApJS..273....5Thttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/273/5CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/chandra : The Chandra Archive Log (CXC, 1999-2014)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)VII/233 : 2MASS All-Sky Extended Source Catalog (XSC) (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)II/351 : VISTA Magellanic Survey (VMC) catalog (Cioni+, 2011)II/375 : VISTA Magellanic Survey (VMC) catalog (YJKs) DR6 (Cioni+, 2011)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)J/AJ/126/539 : The Chandra Deep Fields North and South (Alexander+, 2003)J/AJ/132/2268 : SAGE calibration stars (Meixner+, 2006)J/AJ/132/866 : New M dwarfs in solar neighborhood (Riaz+, 2006)J/AJ/131/2164 : X-ray sources in RMC 136 (Townsley+, 2006)J/ApJS/169/353 : Chandra sources in M17 (Broos+, 2007)J/ApJS/179/19 : CDFS survey: 2 Ms source catalogs (Luo+, 2008)J/AJ/136/18 : LMC SAGE. New candidate YSOs (Whitney+, 2008)J/ApJ/696/1278 : The extended star-forming environment of M17 (Povich+, 2009)J/ApJ/708/1760 : Flux estimations of faint X-ray sources (Getman+, 2010)J/ApJS/194/2 : Chandra Carina Complex Project (CCCP) catalog (Broos+, 2011)J/A+A/530/A108 : VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey (Evans+, 2011)J/ApJS/194/15 : CCCP: Carina's diffuse X-ray emission (Townsley+, 2011)J/ApJS/209/32 : Probable young stars in the MYStIX project (Broos+, 2013)J/A+A/558/A134 : VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey. 30 Dor stars (Doran+, 2013)J/ApJ/787/108 : Age estimates for massive SFR stellar pop. (Getman+, 2014)J/ApJS/213/1 : The MSFRs Omnibus X-ray Catalog (MOXC) (Townsley+, 2014)J/A+A/564/A40 : VFTS. O-type stellar content of 30 Dor (Walborn+, 2014)J/A+A/574/A13 : VFTS. B-type stars classification and RV (Evans+, 2015)J/ApJS/222/11 : Hubble Tarantula Treasury Project (HTTP). III. (Sabbi+, 2016)J/A+A/598/A85 : Disentangled spectra of R145 (Shenar+, 2017)J/ApJ/864/136 : Massive SFRs multiwavelength study (Binder+, 2018)J/ApJS/235/43 : The 2nd MSFRs Omnibus X-ray Catalog (MOXC2) (Townsley+, 2018)J/ApJS/244/28 : The 3rd MSFRs Omnibus X-ray Catalog (MOXC3) (Townsley+, 2019)J/ApJ/916/32 : X-ray superflares from PMS stars (Getman+, 2021)J/ApJ/914/47 : ISS/NICER X-ray observations of eta Car (Kashi+, 2021)J/AJ/162/153 : X-ray data of A,B-types, T-Tauri stars & YSOs (Nunez+, 2021)J/ApJ/935/43 : X-ray Sources Towards 10 Open Clusters (Getman+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/273/5https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/273/5http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/273/5https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/273/5https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/273/5http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/273/5GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/273/5/table2 ("The Tarantula-Revealed by X-rays" (T-ReX) X-ray source properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/273/5/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/273/5/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/273/5/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true83.69153806-69.086491110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/273/5/table5 (Candidate and known massive stars with T-ReX detections)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/273/5/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/273/5/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/273/5/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true84.28700417-69.1223250.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/273/5/table1 (Log of Chandra observations)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/273/5/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/273/5/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/273/5/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true84.683-69.10452780.0055555555555555566/33094-330953.344508615612968e-19 4.113795292725728e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/273/5?format=asciiX-rayOpticalInfraredRadiodefaultJ/ApJS/273/5/table2"The Tarantula-Revealed by X-rays" (T-ReX) X-ray source propertiesPSFf[0.4/1] Average PSF fraction (at 1.5keV) for the merged ObsIDs (PsfFraction)instr.det.psfdoubleArea[1.3/38733] Average aperture area for the merged ObsIDs, in (0.492")^2^ (SrcArea)phys.area;instrdoubleaglowf[0/0.2]? Suspected afterglow fraction (AfterglowFraction) (6)stat.fit.paramdoublenullableOct-t[6/1943580] Observed counts (0.5-8keV) in the merged apertures (SrcCounts_t)ctphot.count;em.X-rayintOct-s[1/1219141] Observed counts (0.5-2keV) in the merged apertures (SrcCounts_s)ctphot.count;em.X-rayintOct-h[0/724439] Observed counts (2-8keV) in the merged apertures (SrcCounts_h)ctphot.count;em.X-rayintEFlx-s[3.4e-20/1.3e-11]? Apparent energy flux (0.5-2keV) (EnergyFlux_s)mW.m**-2em.energydoublenullableEFlx-h[2.2e-21/3.2e-11]? Apparent energy flux (2-8keV) (EnergyFlux_h)mW.m**-2em.energydoublenullableBgScl[0.36/225] Scaling of the background extraction (Broos+ 2010ApJ...714.1582B, Section 5.4) (BkgScaling)instr.scaledoublebgct-t[132/216942] Observed counts (0.5-8keV) in the merged background regions (BkgCounts_t)ctinstr.backgroundintbgct-s[36/133464] Observed counts (0.5-2keV) in the merged background regions (BkgCounts_s)ctinstr.backgroundintbgct-h[30/83478] Observed counts (2-8keV) in the merged background regions (BkgCounts_h)ctinstr.backgroundintNct-t[-19/1.9e+06] Net counts (0.5-8keV) in the merged apertures (NetCounts_t)ctphot.count;em.X-raydoubleNct-s[-35/1.2e+06] Net counts (0.5-2keV) in the merged apertures (NetCounts_s)ctphot.count;em.X-raydoubleNct-h[-245/690066] Net counts (2-8keV) in the merged apertures (NetCounts_h)ctphot.count;em.X-raydoubleloNct-t[-20/1.9e+06] 1{sigma} lower bound on Nct-t (NetCounts_Lo_t) (7)ctphot.count;em.X-raydoubleupNct-t[3.7/1.9e+06] 1{sigma} upper bound on Nct-t (NetCounts_Hi_t) (7)ctphot.count;em.X-raydoubleloNct-s[-53.8/1.2e+06] 1{sigma} lower bound on Nct-s (NetCounts_Lo_s) (7)ctphot.count;em.X-raydoubleupNct-s[2.3/1.2e+06] 1{sigma} upper bound on Nct-s (NetCounts_Hi_s) (7)ctphot.count;em.X-raydoubleloNct-h[-66.7/689198]? 1{sigma} lower bound on Nct-h (NetCounts_Lo_h) (7)ctphot.count;em.X-raydoublenullableupNct-h[1.8/690934] 1{sigma} upper bound on Nct-h (NetCounts_Hi_h) (7)ctphot.count;em.X-raydoubleArea-t[54/244] Mean ARF value (0.5-8keV) (MeanEffectiveArea_t) (8)cm**2.count.ph**-1phys.area;instrdoubleXFlx-s[-6e-07/0.006] Apparent photon flux (0.5-2keV) (PhotonFlux_s) (9)ph.cm**-2.s**-1phot.flux;em.X-raydoubleXFlx-h[-2.4e-06/0.007] Apparent photon flux (2-8keV) (PhotonFlux_h) (9)ph.cm**-2.s**-1phot.flux;em.X-raydoubleEmed-t[0.5/8]? Median energy, observed spectrum (0.5-8keV) (MedianEnergy_t) (10)keVem.energyfloatnullableEmed-s[0.5/2]? Median energy, observed spectrum (0.5-2keV) (MedianEnergy_s) (10)keVem.energyfloatnullableEmed-h[2/8]? Median energy, observed spectrum (2-8keV) (MedianEnergy_h) (10)keVem.energyfloatnullableEFlx-t[0/4.5e-11] Max(EnergyFlux_s,0) + max(EnergyFlux_h,0) in erg/cm^2^/s (EnergyFlux_t)mW.m**-2em.energydoubleKS_M[0/1] p-value from a K-S test on the combined events from all observations; the null hypothesis is no variability on any timescale (ProbKS_merge)stat.fit.goodness;src.vardoubleChi2[0/1] p-value from a {Xi}^2^ test on the single-ObsID measurements of PhotonFlux_t; the null hypothesis is no inter-ObsID variability (ProbChisq_PhotonFlux)stat.fit.chi2doubleExpNom[59161/2058941] Total exposure time in merged ObsIDs (ExposureTimeNominal)stime.duration;obs.exposuredoubleExpFrac[0.5/1] Fraction of ExposureTimeNominal that source was observed (ExposureFraction) (4)stat.fit.omcdoubleCt[2.3e-05/0.26] 0.5-8keV rate in a 3x3 CCD pixel cell in count/frame (possible pileup bias if >0.05) (RateIn3x3Cell) (5)ctarith.rate;pos.cartesian.y;instr.detdoubleNobs[2/54] Total number of ObsIDs extracted (NumObsIDs)meta.numberintNph[2/54] Number of ObsIDs merged to estimate the photometric properties (NumMerged)meta.numberintFdis[0] Fraction of exposure discarded in the merge (always "0") (MergeBias)stat.fit.omcdoubleb_theta[0.001/20.8] Smallest off-axis angle for the merged ObsIDs (Theta_Lo)arcmininstr.offsetdoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCXOUX-ray source name (HHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s; J2000) (Name)meta.id;meta.maincharXIDDisplay the counterparts for this source (link to Table 7)meta.ref.urlintnullableLabelX-ray source name used within the project (Label) (1)meta.id;obscharprimaryMSDisplay this massive star counterparts (link to Table 5)meta.ref.urlintnullableRA_ICRS[83.6/85.5] Right ascension (ICRS) (RAdeg) (2)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRS[-69.5/-68.7] Declination (ICRS) (DEdeg) (2)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainePos[0.0014/2.2] 1{sigma} error circle around RAdeg,DEdeg (PosErr) (2)stat.error;pos.eq.radoublePosTypeAlgorithm used to estimate the position (PosType) (2)meta.id;stat.fitcharno-m[0/0.01] Smallest of no-t, no-s, no-h and no-v (ProbNoSrc_MostValid) (3)stat.fit.goodnessdoubleno-t[0/0.6] Smallest p-value under the no-source (0.5-7keV) null hypothesis among the validation merges (ProbNoSrc_t) (3)stat.fit.goodnessdoubleno-s[0/1]? Smallest p-value under the no-source (0.5-2keV) null hypothesis among the validation merges (ProbNoSrc_s) (3)stat.fit.goodnessdoublenullableno-h[0/1]? Smallest p-value under the no-source (2-7keV) null hypothesis among the validation merges (ProbNoSrc_h) (3)stat.fit.goodnessdoublenullableno-v[0/1]? Smallest p-value under the no-source (4-7keV) null hypothesis among the validation merges (ProbNoSrc_v) (3)stat.fit.goodnessdoublenullableVal?[0/1] 1="occasional" (1744 occurrences); see Section 2.4 (IsOccasional) (3)meta.codeintKS_S[0/1]? The smallest p-value produced by each source; see Section 2.5 (ProbKS_single)stat.fit.goodness;src.vardoublenullableNKS_S[0/54] Number of p-values compared to produce KS_S (N_KS_single)meta.numberintArea-s[70/286] Mean ARF value (0.5-2keV) (MeanEffectiveArea_s) (8)cm**2.count.ph**-1phys.area;instrdoubleArea-h[50/234] Mean ARF value (2-8keV) (MeanEffectiveArea_h) (8)cm**2.count.ph**-1phys.area;instrdoubleXFlx-t[-1.1e-07/0.02] Apparent photon flux (0.5-8keV) (PhotonFlux_t) (9)ph.cm**-2.s**-1phot.flux;em.X-raydoubletheta[0.4/20.8] Average off-axis angle for the merged ObsIDs (Theta)arcmininstr.offsetdoubleB_theta[0.49/20.8] Largest off-axis angle for the merged ObsIDs (Theta_Hi)arcmininstr.offset;stat.maxdoubleJ/ApJS/273/5/table5Candidate and known massive stars with T-ReX detectionsrPosPosition source (4)meta.bibcharSep[0.01/1.1] Separation (5)arcsecpos.angDistancefloatGaia? Gaia DR2 identifiermeta.id.crossnullableVMC? VISTA Magellanic Survey (VMC) identifier (6)meta.id.crossnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNct[0/74445] Net counts detected (2)ctphot.count;em.X-rayintXFlx[1.7e-09/0.00015] Photon flux; photons/cm^2^/s (2)count.cm**-2.s**-1phot.flux;em.X-raydoubleEmed[0.7/4.7] Median energy (2)keVem.energyfloatID[16/1038] Identifier in Catalogmeta.idintf_IDFlag on ID (3)meta.codecharLabelX-ray source candidate labelmeta.id;meta.maincharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharCatalogDeclared counterpart catalog (1)meta.id;meta.datasetcharRAJ2000[5] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[69/69] Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainHTTPSource label in the Hubble Tarantula Treasury Project (HTTP) catalog; Sabbi+ 2016, J/ApJS/222/11 (7)meta.id.crosscharModelModeling information (8)meta.id;stat.fitcharNotesAdditional notesmeta.notecharVFTSDisplay the VFTS catalogs (Evans+ 2011, J/A+A/530/A108; 2015, J/A+A/574/A13 and Walborn+ 2014, J/A+A/564/A40) data within 0.5"meta.ref.urlintnullableD13Display data from Doran+ 2013, J/A+A/558/A134 within 0.5"meta.ref.urlintnullableJ/ApJS/273/5/table7Counterparts to X-ray sources beyond the massive stellar populationVMC? VMC (Cioni+ 2011, see II/351) identifiermeta.id.crossnullableKmag[10/21]? Apparent K band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.KintnullableSepHTTP[0/1.6]? Separation between ACIS source and HTTP sourcearcsecpos.angDistance;em.X-rayfloatnullableHTTPSource label in HTTP catalog (Sabbi+ 2016, J/ApJS/222/11) (2)meta.id.crosscharShiftShift applied to the published HTTP positionmasmeta.ref;pos.cartesian.zcharF555Wmag[17/26]? HST ACS/WFC F555W band apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.VintnullableSepSAGE[0/1.5]? Separation between ACIS source and SAGE sourcearcsecpos.angDistance;em.X-ray;em.IRfloatnullableSAGEThe Spitzer Surveying the Agents of Galaxy Evolution (SAGE) identifier (Meixner+ 2006, J/AJ/132/2268)meta.id.crosschar3.6mag[8/18]? SAGE 3.6 micron band apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umintnullableSNameSimbad identifiermeta.id.crosscharLabelX-ray source candidate label (1)meta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintePos[0/1.8]? X-ray positional uncertaintyarcsecstat.error;posfloatnullableSepGV[0/2.3]? Separation between ACIS source and Gaia+VMC sourcearcsecpos.angDistancefloatnullableGaia? Gaia DR2 identifiermeta.id.crossnullableJ/ApJS/273/5/table1Log of Chandra observationsExp[9826/93761] Exposure time (1)stime.duration;obs.exposureintRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000) (2)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000) (2)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainRoll[3/357] Roll angledeginstr.offsetintTGAINAbbreviated name of the ACIS time-dependent gain file (3)meta.id;instr.setup;meta.filecharXsky[-1.5/1.8] RA shift in SKY pixel (1 SKY pixel=0.492") (4)pixpos.cartesian.x;instr.detfloatYsky[-2/1.7] DE shift in SKY pixel (1 SKY pixel=0.492") (4)pixpos.cartesian.y;instr.detfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintObsID[5906/18750] Observation identifiermeta.id;obs.param;obsintDOIDOI of dataset (link to Chandra X-ray center)meta.datasetcharDateStart date of observation (UT)time.epoch;time.startnullable