J/ApJS/272/19ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/272/19doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22720019CDSO'Brien R.Jansen R.A.Grogin N.A.Cohen S.H.Smith B.M.Silver R.M.,Maksym W.P.I.Windhorst R.A.Carleton T.Koekemoer A.M.Hathi N.P.,Willmer C.N.A.Frye B.L.Alpaslan M.Ashby M.L.N.Ashcraft T.A.,Bonoli S.Brisken W.Cappelluti N.Civano F.Conselice C.J.,Dhillon V.S.Driver S.P.Duncan K.J.Dupke R.Elvis M.Fazio G.G.,Finkelstein S.L.Gim H.B.Griffiths A.Hammel H.B.Hyun M.Im M.,Jones V.R.Kim D.Ladjelate B.Larson R.L.Malhotra S.Marshall M.A.,Milam S.N.Pierel J.D.R.Rhoads J.E.Rodney S.A.Rottgering H.J.A.,Rutkowski M.J.Ryan R.E.J.Ward M.J.White C.W.van Weeren R.J.,Zhao X.Summers J.D'Silva J.C.J.Ortiz R.I.Robotham A.S.G.Coe D.,Nonino M.Pirzkal N.Yan H.Acharya T.2025-02-13T20:13:54Z2024-11-12T09:52:00ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fractive-galactic-nucleitransient-sourcessupernovaehst-photometryvisible-astronomyThe James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) North Ecliptic Pole (NEP) Time-domain Field (TDF) is a >14' diameter field optimized for multiwavelength time-domain science with JWST. It has been observed across the electromagnetic spectrum both from the ground and from space, including with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). As part of HST observations over three cycles (the "TREASUREHUNT" program), deep images were obtained with the Wide Field Camera on the Advanced Camera for Surveys in F435W and F606W that cover almost the entire JWST NEP TDF. Many of the individual pointings of these programs partially overlap, allowing an initial assessment of the potential of this field for time-domain science with HST and JWST. The cumulative area of overlapping pointings is ~88arcmin^2^, with time intervals between individual epochs that range between 1 day and 4+ yr. To a depth of m_AB_~29.5mag (F606W), we present the discovery of 12 transients and 190 variable candidates. For the variable candidates, we demonstrate that Gaussian statistics are applicable and estimate that ~80 are false positives. The majority of the transients will be supernovae, although at least two are likely quasars. Most variable candidates are active galactic nuclei (AGNs), where we find 0.42% of the general z<~6 field galaxy population to vary at the ~3{sigma} level. Based on a 5yr time frame, this translates into a random supernova areal density of up to ~0.07 transients arcmin^-2^ (~245deg^-2^) per epoch and a variable AGN areal density of ~1.25 variables arcmin^-2^ (~4500deg^-2^) to these depths.2024ApJS..272...19Ohttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/272/19CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/hst : HST Archived Exposures Catalog (STScI, 2007)I/337 : Gaia DR1 (Gaia Collaboration, 2016)J/MNRAS/268/305 : Variability of optically selected quasars (Hook+ 1994)J/A+A/321/123 : Optical variability of QSOs (Cristiani+ 1997)J/AJ/120/2747 : HDF-South WFPC2 observations (Casertano+, 2000)J/AJ/125/1107 : Ultra-deep near-IR observation in HDF-S (Labbe+, 2003)J/MNRAS/375/989 : Quasar variability (Wold+, 2007)J/A+A/497/81 : Variability-selected AGN in CDFS (Boutsia+, 2009)J/ApJ/723/737 : Variability selected AGNs in GOODS (Villforth+, 2010)J/ApJ/731/97 : Variable AGNs in GOODS fields (Sarajedini+, 2011)J/ApJ/735/86 : NEWFIRM MBS: photometric catalogs (Whitaker+, 2011)J/AJ/148/13 : Redshifts of 65 CANDELS supernovae (Rodney+, 2014)J/A+A/584/A62 : SUDARE VST-OmegaCAM search SN rates (Cappellaro+, 2015)J/MNRAS/487/4285 : Variable AGN candidates catalog (Pouliasis+, 2019)J/ApJ/888/36 : SDSS/FIRST dwarf gal. with VLA HR obs. (Reines+, 2020)J/ApJ/897/41 : Lyman Cont. in 111 GOODS and ERS galaxies (Smith+, 2020)J/other/Sci/373.789 : optical variability of AGNs (Burke+, 2021)J/MNRAS/508/5176 : NuSTAR Extragalactic Surveys, NEP Field (Zhao+, 2021)J/ApJ/965/188 : JWST NEP TDF NuSTAR and XMM-Newton survey (Zhao+, 2024)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/272/19https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/272/19http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/272/19https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/272/19https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/272/19http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/272/19GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/272/19/table2 (Transients identified in HST TREASUREHUNT observations of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) North Ecliptic Pole (NEP) Time-domain Field (TDF); see Section 4.1)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/272/19/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/272/19/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/272/19/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true260.5054680665.798221110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/272/19/table5 (Variable sources identified in HST TREASUREHUNT observations of the JWST NEP TDF; see Section 4.2)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/272/19/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/272/19/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/272/19/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true260.405285165.83820440.0055555555555555566/116083.164426293329881e-19 4.75565502943315e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/272/19?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJS/272/19/table2Transients identified in HST TREASUREHUNT observations of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) North Ecliptic Pole (NEP) Time-domain Field (TDF); see Section 4.1DEJ2000[65.7/66] Declination (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainV1Root name of the visit where the transient is present (Visit 1)meta.id;obscharV2Root name of the visit where the transient is absent (Visit 2)meta.id;obschart1[2017.9/2022.9] Date of Visit 1 observation in decimal yearsyrtime.epochdoublet2[2017.7/2022.6] Date of Visit 2 observation in decimal yearsyrtime.epochdoubleDelt[-4/1.2] Time interval between Visits 1 and 2yrtime.intervalfloatF435Wmag[24.44/27.75]? HST ACS/WFC F435W AB magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_F435Wmag[0.08/1.7]? Uncertainty on F435Wmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.BfloatnullableF606Wmag[24.8/27.6] HST ACS/WFC F606W AB magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDTransient identifier (T1 to T12)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000[260.47/261] Right Ascension (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.ra;meta.maine_F606Wmag[0.05/0.7] Uncertainty on F606Wmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.RfloatJ/ApJS/272/19/table5Variable sources identified in HST TREASUREHUNT observations of the JWST NEP TDF; see Section 4.2IDVariable source identifier (V001 to V190)meta.id;meta.maincharCatID[48/49278] Internal SourceExtractor catalog identifiermeta.idintRAJ2000[260.4/261] Right Ascension (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[65.7/66] Declination (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainV1Root name of the overlapping visit 1 variable was detectedmeta.id;obscharV2Root name of the overlapping visit 2 variable was detectedmeta.id;obschart1[2017.7/2022.9] Fractional year of first visit; UTyrtime.epochdoublet2[2017.9/2022.9] Fractional year of second visit; UTyrtime.epochdoubleDelt[-3.9/4.2] Time interval between visits 1 and 2yrtime.intervalfloatF435Wmag[19.18/30] Brightest HST ACS/WFC F435W band apparent AB magnitude in two visits (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloate_F435Wmag[0.01/0.9] Uncertainty in F435Wmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.BfloatDelF435W[-1.8/1.4] Change in F435W band magnitudes between two visits (1)magphot.mag;arith.diff;em.opt.BfloatsigF435W[0.01/14] Significance of F435W band variability in units of {sigma}_{Delta}m_ (2)stat.fit.goodness;src.var;em.opt.BfloatF606Wmag[19.46/29.4] Brightest HST ACS/WFC F606W band apparent AB magnitude in two visits (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloate_F606Wmag[0.01/0.4] Uncertainty in F606Wmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.RfloatDelF606W[-2.1/1.42] Change in F606W band magnitudes between two visits (1)magphot.mag;arith.diff;em.opt.RfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintsigF606W[0.2/14.8] Significance of F606W band variability in units of {sigma}_{Delta}m_ (2)stat.fit.goodness;src.var;em.opt.Rfloat