J/ApJS/270/8ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/270/8doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22700008CDSWeiss L.M.Isaacson H.Howard A.W.Fulton B.J.Petigura E.A.,Fabrycky D.Jontof-Hutter D.Steffen J.H.Schlichting H.E.,Wright J.T.Beard C.Brinkman C.L.Chontos A.Giacalone S.Hill M.L.,Kosiarek M.R.MacDougall M.G.Mocnik T.Polanski A.S.Turtelboom E.V.,Tyler D.Van Zandt J.2024-11-07T15:14:15Z2024-04-25T08:14:43ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsradial-velocitystellar-massesvisible-astronomyspectroscopyDespite the importance of Jupiter and Saturn to Earth's formation and habitability, there has not yet been a comprehensive observational study of how giant exoplanets correlate with the architectural properties of close-in, sub-Neptune-sized exoplanets. This is largely because transit surveys are particularly insensitive to planets at orbital separations >~1au, and so their census of Jupiter-like planets is incomplete, inhibiting our study of the relationship between Jupiter-like planets and the small planets that do transit. To investigate the relationship between close-in, small and distant, giant planets, we conducted the Kepler Giant Planet Survey (KGPS). Using the W. M. Keck Observatory High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer, we spent over a decade collecting 2844 radial velocities (RVs; 2167 of which are presented here for the first time) of 63 Sunlike stars that host 157 transiting planets. We had no prior knowledge of which systems would contain giant planets beyond 1au, making this survey unbiased with respect to previously detected Jovians. We announce RV-detected companions to 20 stars from our sample. These include 13 Jovians (0.3M_J_<Msini<13M_J_, 1au<a<10au), eight nontransiting sub-Saturns, and three stellar-mass companions. We also present updated masses and densities of 84 transiting planets. The KGPS project leverages one of the longest-running and most data-rich collections of RVs of the NASA Kepler systems yet, and it will provide a basis for addressing whether giant planets help or hinder the growth of sub-Neptune-sized and terrestrial planets. Future KGPS papers will examine the relationship between small, transiting planets and their long-period companions.2024ApJS..270....8Whttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/270/8CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)V/117 : Geneva-Copenhagen Survey of Solar neighbourhood (Holmberg+, 2007)J/ApJ/622/1102 : The planet-metallicity correlation. (Fischer+, 2005)J/ApJ/725/875 : Chromospheric activity for CPS stars (Isaacson+, 2010)J/ApJS/190/1 : A survey of stellar families (Raghavan+, 2010)J/ApJ/756/186 : TTVs from Kepler. VI. Statistical tests (Steffen+, 2012)J/ApJS/204/24 : Kepler planetary candidates. III. (Batalha+, 2013)J/ApJ/763/41 : Kepler multiple-candidate systems radii (Ciardi+, 2013)J/ApJ/767/127 : Asteroseismic solutions for 77 Kepler stars (Huber+, 2013)J/ApJS/210/19 : Kepler planetary candidates. IV. 22 months (Burke+, 2014)J/ApJ/789/154 : Kepler-10 RV measurements by HARPS-N (Dumusque+, 2014)J/ApJ/787/80 : 139 Kepler planets transit time variations (Hadden+, 2014)J/ApJS/210/20 : Small Kepler planets radial velocities (Marcy+, 2014)J/ApJ/784/45 : Kepler's multiple planet candidates. III. (Rowe+, 2014)J/ApJS/210/25 : Transit timing var. for 15 planetary pairs. II. (Xie, 2014)J/ApJ/800/135 : HARPS-N radial velocities of KOI-69 (Dressing+, 2015)J/ApJS/217/31 : Kepler planetary cand. VI. 4yr Q1-Q16 (Mullally+, 2015)J/ApJS/217/16 : Kepler planetary candidates. V. 3yr Q1-Q12 (Rowe+, 2015)J/MNRAS/452/2127 : Fundamental param. of Kepler stars (Silva Aguirre+, 2015)J/AJ/152/160 : HARPS-N radial velocities of KOI-70 (Buchhave+, 2016)J/ApJS/225/9 : Kepler TTVs. IX. Long-cadence data set (Holczer+, 2016)J/ApJ/822/86 : False positive prob. for Q1-Q17 DR24 KOIs (Morton+, 2016)J/ApJ/825/62 : Stars with hot Jupiter planets (Schlaufman+, 2016)J/ApJ/839/94 : Abundances of solar twins from Keck/HIRES (Bedell+, 2017)J/AJ/154/109 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). III. Radii (Fulton+, 2017)J/AJ/154/5 : Transit timing variations of Kepler planets (Hadden+, 2017)J/AJ/154/107 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). I. (Petigura+, 2017)J/ApJ/836/77 : A library of high-S/N opt. sp. of FGKM stars (Yee+, 2017)J/ApJ/866/99 : Radii of KIC stars & planets using Gaia DR2 (Berger+, 2018)J/ApJS/237/38 : Extended abundance analysis of KOIs (Brewer+, 2018)J/A+A/618/A41 : Photometry of Kepler-9b and c transits (Freudenthal+, 2018)J/AJ/156/264 : CKS. VII. Planet radius gap (Fulton+, 2018)J/AJ/155/89 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). IV. (Petigura+, 2018)J/ApJS/235/38 : Kepler pl. cand. VIII. DR25 reliability (Thompson+, 2018)J/AJ/158/181 : RVs and S-index values for HR 5183 (Blunt+, 2019)J/ApJ/877/60 : YMGs. I. Young bin. & lithium-rich stars (Bowler+, 2019)J/AJ/157/52 : Radial velocity obs. in super-Earth systems (Bryan+, 2019)J/other/RAA/19.41 : TTVs & ephemerides of Kepler exoplanets (Gajdos+, 2019)J/AJ/158/165 : RV obs. & activity indicators for Kepler-538b (Mayo+, 2019)J/AJ/157/145 : HIRES RVs of 3 compact, multiplanet systems (Mills+, 2019)J/MNRAS/490/5088 : Stellar companions of exoplanet host stars (Mugrauer, 2019)J/A+A/624/A15 : Kepler-411 mid-transit times (Sun+, 2019)J/AJ/159/235 : RV jitters in ~600 planet host stars (Luhn+, 2020)J/MNRAS/491/5287 : Exoplanet evaporation in multitransit syst. (Owen+, 2020)J/AJ/159/242 : Vel. & transit times in the Kepler-88 system (Weiss+, 2020)J/AJ/161/36 : Exoplanets in HZ with Kepler DR25 (Bryson+, 2021)J/AJ/161/202 : Transit timing var. of Kepler-90g and h (Liang+, 2021)J/MNRAS/507/1847 : A HARPS-N mass for the elusive Kepler-37d (Rajpaul+, 2021)J/AJ/162/55 : 65 Transit-timing variation planets properties (Yee+, 2021)J/AJ/162/89 : HIRES RV follow up for Kepler-129 (Zhang+, 2021)J/A+A/677/A33 : 38 Kepler and K2 systems RVs (Bonomo+, 2023)J/AJ/165/74 : HIRES/HARPS-N RVs of Kepler-102 (Brinkman+, 2023)http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/ : NASA Exoplanet Archive homepagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/270/8https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/270/8http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/270/8https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/270/8https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/270/8http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/270/8GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/270/8/table4 (Stellar properties and RV data summary)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/270/8/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/270/8/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/270/8/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true291.387541.990250.0055555555555555565/3734 6/14573 14578 14585 14734 14744 14757 14761-14762 14774 14776 14794 14830 14918 14920 14924 14929-14933 14952 14959 14966 14968-14969 14971 15060 15104 15107 15110 15112 15119 15121 15128 15131 15134 15139 15143 15145 15149-15150 15154-15155 15158 15171-151721.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/270/8?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJS/270/8/table4Stellar properties and RV data summaryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSystSystem name used to link tables in this work (1)meta.idcharprimaryKeplerKepler planetary systemmeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000[18/20] SIMBAD Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[37/50] SIMBAD Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainVmag[8.8/13.8] V-band magnitude, Simbadmagphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatTeff[4457/6214] Surface Effective temperature (2)Kphys.temperature.effectivefloatlogg[3.2/4.7] Log of surface gravity (2)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatMstar[0.6/1.5] Star mass (2)solMassphys.massfloat[Fe/H][-0.6/0.5] Metallicity (2)phys.abund.Fefloatvsini[1.4e-07/10.1] Projected rotational velocity, star (2)m.s**-1phys.veloc.rotatdoubleNtp[1/8] Number of transiting planetsmeta.numberintNrv[10/226] Number of radial velocity measurementsmeta.number;spect.dopplerVelocintdRV[1749/4786] Radial velocity baselinedtime.interval;phys.velocdoubleDateDate (UTC) of last RV observationtime.epochnullableRMSJ/ApJS/270/8/table2Radial velocities from Keck-HIRES of 63 Kepler planet-hosting starsSystSystem name used to link tables in this work (1)meta.idcharprimaryRV[-1759/2632] Radial velocitym.s**-1spect.dopplerVelocdoublee_RV[0.9/12] Uncertainty in RVm.s**-1stat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatSHK[0.06/0.8] Mt. Wilson calcium activity indexspect.indexfloatlogRHK[-6/0] Chromospheric contribution of the H and K Ca linesphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOAObject name in the Keck Observatory Archivemeta.id;meta.maincharBJD[4989/10214] Barycentric Julian date, BJD-2450000dtime.epochdoubleJ/ApJS/270/8/table3Results of KGPS automated planet and trend searchSystSystem name used to link tables in this work (1)meta.idcharprimaryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOI[41/3179] Kepler object of interest identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintKepler[9/1911]? Kepler planetary system numbermeta.idintnullableNrv[10/226] Number of radial velocity measurementsmeta.number;spect.dopplerVelocintdRV[4.8/13.4] Radial velocity baselineyrtime.interval;phys.velocfloatDateDate (UTC) of last RV observationtime.epochnullableModelModel addition (2)meta.id;meta.modelledcharPer[15/6226.4]? Orbital period, proposed companiondtime.periodfloatnullableK[1.5/2244.6]? RV semi-amplitude, proposed companionm.s**-1spect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableRMSJ/ApJS/270/8/table5KGPS planet physical propertiesSystSystem name used to link tables in this work (1)meta.idcharprimarye[0/0.7]? Orbital eccentricity (3)src.orbital.eccentricitydoublenullablee_e[0/0.4]? Uncertainty in e (3)stat.error;src.orbital.eccentricitydoublenullableMstar[0.67/1.7] Star masssolMassphys.massfloate_Mstar[0.01/0.2]? Uncertainty in MstarsolMassstat.error;phys.massfloatnullabledvdt[-0.025/0.04] Measured RV trendm.s**-1.d**-1spect.dopplerVeloc;time;arith.ratiodoublee_dvdt[0.0001/0.02] Uncertainty in dvdtm.s**-1.d**-1stat.error;spect.dopplerVeloc;arith.ratiodoublesnr-dvdt[0.07/114] Signal-to-noise, dvdtstat.snr;spect.dopplerVeloc;arith.ratiodoubleFAP[2.4e-40/1]? False alarm probabilitystat.probabilitydoublenullableb_a[9.8/14.7]? Minimum semi-major axisauphys.size.smajAxis;stat.minfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKeplerKepler planetary system if anymeta.idcharKOIKOI-based planet name if any (2)meta.id;meta.maincharPer[0.6/119297]? Planet orbital period, daysdtime.perioddoublenullablee_Per[0.0005/10285]? Uncertainty in Perdstat.error;time.perioddoublenullableb_Per[0.6/19144] Minimum perioddtime.period;stat.mindoublea[0.01/52.2]? Planet orbital semi-major axisauphys.angSize.smajAxis;src.orbitalfloatnullablee_a[3]? Uncertainty in aaustat.error;phys.angSize.smajAxis;src.orbitalintnullablee_Rp[0.02/0.7]? Uncertainty in Rp(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;phys.size.radiusfloatnullableK[0.01/2196]? RV semi-amplitude (3)m.s**-1spect.dopplerVelocdoublenullablee_K[0.1/5.3]? Uncertainty in K (3)m.s**-1stat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableMpusini[3.3e-08/0.3]? Planet to star mass ratiophys.mass;arith.ratiodoublenullablee_Mpusini[1.4e-06/0.003]? Uncertainty in Mpusinistat.error;phys.mass;arith.ratiodoublenullableMpsini[2.7e-05/629]? Planet mass*sin(inclination) ; Jupiter units (3)(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.massdoublenullablee_Mpsini[0.001/21]? Uncertainty in mpsini (3)(1.898187x10+27kg)stat.error;phys.massdoublenullableb_Mpsini[0.6/15.5]? Minimum, mpsini (3)(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.mass;stat.mindoublenullableMp-earth[0.008/199876]? Planet mass*sin(inclination)(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massdoublenullablee_Mp-earth[0.4/6663]? Uncertainty in Mp-earth(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;phys.massdoublenullablerhop[0.19/18.5]? Mean planet density (3)g.cm**-3phys.density;stat.meanfloatnullablee_rhop[0.04/14]? Uncertainty in rhop (3)g.cm**-3stat.error;phys.density;stat.meanfloatnullabledBIC[-227802/-10]? Difference, Bayesian Information Criterion (4)stat.fit.paramdoublenullableDispDisposition ("confirmed": 184 occurrences; "candidate": 3 occurrences)meta.notecharFlagFlag (5)meta.code.errorcharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableRp[0.2/11.3]? Planetary radius, Earth units(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatnullableJ/ApJS/270/8/table6KGPS non-transiting companion orbital properties for 22 systemsSystSystem name used to link tables in this work (1)meta.idcharprimaryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPlanetPlanet name (2)meta.id;meta.maincharKOIKOI-based planet name (2)meta.idcharl_PerLimit flag on Permeta.code.error;time.periodcharPer[22.26/119000] Planet orbital perioddtime.perioddoublee_Per[0.0006/10000]? Uncertainty in Perdstat.error;time.perioddoublenullablel_aLimit flag on ameta.code.error;phys.angSize.smajAxis;src.orbitalchara[0.15/52.2] Planet orbital semi-major axisauphys.angSize.smajAxis;src.orbitalfloate_a[3.0]? Uncertainty in aaustat.error;phys.angSize.smajAxis;src.orbitalfloatnullablel_KLimit flag on Kmeta.code.error;spect.dopplerVeloccharK[3.5/2195.1] RV semi-amplitudem.s**-1spect.dopplerVelocfloate_K[0.5/5]? Uncertainty in Km.s**-1stat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatnullablel_MsiniLimit flag on Msinimeta.code.error;phys.masscharMsini[0.05/629] Planet mass * sin(inclination)(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massfloate_Msini[0.01/21]? Uncertainty in Msini(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;phys.massfloatnullablee[0/0.7]? Orbital eccentricitysrc.orbital.eccentricitydoublenullablee_e[0.0002/0.4]? Uncertainty in estat.error;src.orbital.eccentricitydoublenullableFAPFalse alarm probabilitystat.probabilitychardBIC[-227802/-10]? Difference, Bayesian Information Criterion (3)stat.fit.paramdoublenullableNewNewly discovered companion? (4)meta.codecharFlagFlag on modeling (5)meta.code.errorchar