J/ApJS/269/42ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/269/42doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22690042CDSShara M.M.Lessing A.M.Hounsell R.Mandel S.Zurek D.Darnley M.J.,Graur OrHillman Y.Meyer E.T.Mikolajewska J.Neill J.D.,Prialnik D.Sparks W.2026-02-10T20:05:57Z2024-03-19T13:06:05ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frnovaevisible-astronomybroad-band-photometrytwo-color-diagramshst-photometryM87 has been monitored with a cadence of 5 days over a span of 9 months through the near-ultraviolet (NUV; F275W) and optical (F606W) filters of the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) of the Hubble Space Telescope. This unprecedented dataset yields the NUV and optical light and color curves of 94 M87 novae, characterizing the outburst and decline properties of the largest extragalactic nova dataset in the literature (after M31 and M81). We test and confirm nova modelers' prediction that recurrent novae cannot erupt more frequently than once every 45 days, show that there are zero rapidly recurring novae in the central ~1/3 of M87 with recurrence times <130d, demonstrate that novae closely follow the K-band light of M87 to within a few arcsecs of the galaxy nucleus, show that nova NUV light curves are as heterogeneous as their optical counterparts, and usually peak 5-30d after visible light maximum, determine our observations' annual detection completeness to be 71%-77%, and measure the rate R_nova_ of nova eruptions in M87 as 352_-37_^+37^yr^-1^. The corresponding luminosity-specific classical nova rate for this galaxy is 7.91_-1.20_^+1.20^/yr/10^10^L_{sun},K_. These rates confirm that ground-based observations of extragalactic novae miss most faint, fast novae and those near the centers of galaxies. An annual M87 nova rate of 300 or more seems inescapable. A luminosity-specific nova rate of ~7-10/yr/10^10^L_{sun},K_ in all types of galaxies is indicated by the data available in 2023.2023ApJS..269...42Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/269/42CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/hst : HST Archived Exposures Catalog (STScI, 2007)J/AJ/131/866 : Hot populations in M87 globular clusters (Sohn+, 2006)J/ApJS/182/216 : Surface photometry of Virgo ellipticals (Kormendy+, 2009)J/AJ/140/34 : Classification of nova light curves (Strope+, 2010)J/ApJS/227/1 : HST survey for novae in M87. I. VI LCs (Shara+, 2016)J/ApJ/912/19 : Follow-up phot. & sp. of 12 PGIR novae (De+, 2021)J/ApJ/923/239 : An R-band survey of novae in M83 (Shafter+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/269/42https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/269/42http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/269/42https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/269/42https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/269/42http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/269/42GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/269/42/table2 (Positions, peak magnitudes, and decline times of M87 novae)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/269/42/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/269/42/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/269/42/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true187.705833312.39284440.0055555555555555566/27765https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/269/42?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJS/269/42/table2Positions, peak magnitudes, and decline times of M87 novaerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/94] Nova index number from this workmeta.id;meta.mainintprimaryDist[3.9/100] Radial distance from M87 centerarcsecphys.angSizefloatRAJ2000[12] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[12] Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainl_VmagLimit flag on Vmag (1)meta.code.errorcharVmag[21.5/26] Apparent V band Vega magnitude at peakmagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatl_UmagLimit flag on Umag (1)meta.code.errorcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharLCInteractive LC Plotmeta.ref.urlcharUmag[20.5/25]? Apparent U band Vega magnitude at peakmagphot.mag;em.opt.Ufloatnullable(U-V)Vp[-2.5/2.3]? The (U-V) color at peak V band magnitudemagphot.color;em.opt.V;em.opt.Ufloatnullable(U-V)Up[-3/0.9]? The (U-V) color at peak U band magnitudemagphot.color;em.opt.V;em.opt.Ufloatnullable(Up-Vp)[-2.5/1.1]? The U band peak minus V band peak colormagphot.color;em.opt.V;em.opt.UfloatnullableVt1[2/24]? Time to decline one magnitude from peak V banddtime.intervalfloatnullableUt1[1.4/57.2]? Time to decline one magnitude from peak U banddtime.intervalfloatnullableVt2[4/73.2]? Time to decline two magnitude from peak V banddtime.intervalfloatnullableUt2[2.9/69]? Time to decline two magnitude from peak U banddtime.intervalfloatnullableNpNumber of photometry measurements for this nova (link to Table 3)meta.numberintnullableJ/ApJS/269/42/table3M87 nova lightcurve dataSeq[1/94] Nova index number from this workmeta.id;meta.mainintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintEpoch[1/53] Epoch numberobs.fieldintD1[0/260.3] Days since 1st Epoch (precise time of the 1st Epoch=MJD57705.0605)dtime.epochfloatDF606W[-256/261]? Days since F606W Peakdtime.intervalfloatnullableDF275W[-261/261]? Days since F275W Peakdtime.intervalfloatnullablel_VmagLimit flag on Vmagmeta.code.errorcharVmag[21.5/28.4]? Apparent V band HST STMAG magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_Vmag[0.01/2.1]? Uncertainty in Vmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablel_UmagLimit flag on Umagmeta.code.errorcharUmag[20.5/25.8]? Apparent U band HST STMAG magnitudemagphot.mag;em.UV.200-300nmfloatnullablee_Umag[0.02/1.3]? Uncertainty in Umagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullable(U-V)[-3.4/2.2]? The (U-V) color indexmagphot.color;em.opt.V;em.opt.Ufloatnullablee_(U-V)[0.03/0.9]? Uncertainty in (U-V)magstat.errorfloatnullable