J/ApJS/260/12ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/260/12doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22600012CDSWeaver Z.R.Jorstad S.G.Marscher A.P.Morozova D.A.Troitsky I.S.,Agudo I.Gomez J.L.Lahteenmaki A.Tammi J.Tornikoski M.2022-08-26T13:21:49Z2022-08-04T15:30:48ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fractive-galactic-nucleibl-lacertae-objectsquasarsinterferometryradio-sourcesgamma-ray-astronomyproper-motionsphotometryvisible-astronomyredshiftedWe analyze the parsec-scale jet kinematics from 2007 June to 2018 December of a sample of {gamma}-ray bright blazars monitored roughly monthly with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) at 43GHz under the VLBA-BU-BLAZAR program. We implement a novel piecewise linear fitting method to derive the kinematics of 521 distinct emission knots from a total of 3705 total intensity images in 22 quasars, 13 BL Lacertae objects, and 3 radio galaxies. Apparent speeds of these components range from 0.01c to 78c, and 18.6% of knots (other than the "core") are quasi-stationary. One-fifth of moving knots exhibit nonballistic motion, with acceleration along the jet within 5pc of the core (projected) and deceleration farther out. These accelerations occur mainly at locations coincident with quasi-stationary features. We calculate the physical parameters of 273 knots with statistically significant motion, including their Doppler factors, Lorentz factors, and viewing angles. We determine the typical values of these parameters for each jet and the average for each subclass of active galactic nuclei. We investigate the variability of the position angle of each jet over the 10yr of monitoring. The fluctuations in position of the quasi-stationary components in radio galaxies tend to be parallel to the jet, while no directional preference is seen in the components of quasars and BL Lacertae objects. We find a connection between {gamma}-ray states of blazars and their parsec-scale jet properties, with blazars with brighter 43GHz cores typically reaching higher {gamma}-ray maxima during flares.2022ApJS..260...12Whttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/260/12CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/430/467 : Extragal. sources superluminal motions (Vermeulen+, 1994)J/ApJS/123/79 : Third EGRET catalog (3EG) (Hartman+, 1999)J/ApJ/609/539 : Kinematics of parsec-scale radio jets (Kellermann+, 2004)J/AJ/130/1418 : AGN jet kinematics (Jorstad+, 2005)J/A+A/476/L17 : 86 and 43GHz observations of NRAO 150 (Agudo+, 2007)J/ApJ/706/1253 : MOJAVE VII. Blazar jet acceleration (Homan+, 2009)J/AJ/138/1874 : MOJAVE. VI. Kinematic analysis of jets (Lister+, 2009)J/ApJS/188/405 : Fermi-LAT first source catalog (1FGL) (Abdo+, 2010)J/ApJ/734/43 : X-ray, opt. & radio monitoring of 3C 111 (Chatterjee+, 2011)J/A+A/535/A69 : AGN Fermi/LAT {gamma}-ray and 37GHz fluxes (Nieppola+, 2011)J/ApJS/194/29 : Observations of blazars at 15GHz (Richards+, 2011)J/ApJ/747/63 : 7mm VLBA observations of BL Lac object OJ287 (Agudo+, 2012)J/A+A/559/A75 : 43GHz observation of the blazar Mrk 421 (Blasi+, 2013)J/other/RAA/13.259 : {gamma}-ray Doppler factor for Fermi blazars (Fan+, 2013)J/ApJ/768/40 : R-band & polarimetry of S5 0716+71 (Larionov+, 2013)J/ApJ/763/L36 : MgII and FeII flux of 3C 454.3 (Leon-Tavares+, 2013)J/AJ/146/120 : MOJAVE. X. Parsec-scale kinematics of AGNs (Lister+, 2013)J/other/RAA/14.1135 : Doppler factor for a Fermi blazar sample (Fan+, 2014)J/MNRAS/441/1899 : Fermi bright blazars (Fuhrmann+, 2014)J/AJ/148/42 : S4 0954+658 outburst in 2011 March-April (Morozova+, 2014)J/ApJ/789/135 : Gamma-ray bright blazars spectrophot. (Williamson+, 2014)J/ApJS/218/23 : Fermi LAT third source catalog (3FGL) (Acero+, 2015)J/ApJ/813/51 : {gamma}-ray to IR study of CTA 102 (Casadio+, 2015)J/ApJ/798/134 : MOJAVE. XII. Acceleration of blazar jets (Homan+, 2015)J/ApJ/804/7 : SaMOSA: optical spectroscopy of Fermi blazars (Isler+, 2015)J/AJ/152/12 : MOJAVE. XIII. New 15GHz obs. on 1994-2013 (Lister+, 2016)J/ApJ/826/56 : HST/WFC3 obs. of Cepheids in SN Ia host gal. (Riess+, 2016)J/A+A/602/A29 : QSO 1308+326 at 15GHz modelfit results (Britzen+, 2017)J/ApJ/846/98 : Jets of blazars at 43GHz with VLBA (Jorstad+, 2017)J/MNRAS/467/4565 : Bimodal radio variability in OVRO blazars (Liodakis+, 2017)J/MNRAS/468/4992 : MOJAVE XIV. AGN jet shapes & angles (Pushkarev+, 2017)J/ApJS/235/39 : Jet properties of {gamma}-ray-loud 3FGL AGNs (Chen, 2018)J/ApJ/864/84 : Swift follow-up obs. of TXS 0506+056 blazar (Keivani+, 2018)J/ApJ/866/137 : Bright blazars var. brightness temp. (Liodakis+, 2018)J/ApJS/234/12 : MOJAVE XV. VLBA 15GHz obs. of AGN jets (Lister+, 2018)J/ApJ/874/43 : MOJAVE. XVII. Jet kinematics of AGNs (Lister+, 2019)J/ApJ/892/105 : 4th cat. of Fermi LAT-detected AGNs (4LAC) (Ajello+, 2020)J/A+A/649/A153 : BL Lac 86GHz images (Casadio+, 2021)http://www.bu.edu/blazars/BEAM-ME.html : Large VLBA project BEAM-ME home pagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/260/12https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/260/12http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/260/12https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/260/12https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/260/12http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/260/12GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/260/12/table1 (The VLBA-BU-BLAZAR sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/260/12/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/260/12/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/260/12/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true35.665047843.03550.0055555555555555566/579 1263 1701 2414 4695 4770 4820 5423 7570 7896 7969 9442 9460 9612 9633 10422 13927 15969 18661 19398 20099 21972 23099 23121 23323 24084 25302 25864 26131 26292 27060 28083 28479 28492 29570 31894 42901 449082.4516457410139638e-23 2.8492099152324443e-23https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/260/12?format=asciiGamma-rayOpticalRadiodefaultJ/ApJS/260/12/table1The VLBA-BU-BLAZAR samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNkNumber of knots for this blazar (link to table 3)meta.numberintnullableIDSource identifier from its B1950 coordinatesmeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryn_IDNote on ID (1)meta.notecharONameCommon namemeta.idcharTypeSubclass of blazar (2)src.classcharn_TypeNote on Type (1)meta.notecharz[0.017/2.18] Redshift from NEDsrc.redshiftfloatn_zNote on z (1)meta.notecharS37avg[0.3/27]? Average total intensity at 37GHz (3)Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.30-50GHzfloatnullablee_S37avg[0.1/8]? S37avg uncertainty (3)Jystat.errorfloatnullableSGam[5/207] Average {gamma}-ray photon flux at 0.1-200GeV (4)1e-08ph.cm**-2.s**-1phot.flux.density;em.gamma.hardfloate_SGam[2/338] SGam uncertainty (4)1e-08ph.cm**-2.s**-1stat.errorfloatRmag[12.4/19.4] Average R-band magnitude (5)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloate_Rmag[0.09/1.1] Rmag uncertainty (5)magstat.error;phot.magfloatW14Display data from Williamson+, 2014, J/ApJ/789/135meta.ref.urlintnullableJ17Display data from Jorstad+, 2017, J/ApJ/846/98meta.ref.urlintnullableNcDisplay the jet modeling data (table 2)meta.numberintnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharPDisplay the physical parameters of jet features (table 12)meta.numberintnullableLCInteractive Plotmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJS/260/12/table2Modeling of jets by Gaussian components 2013-2018RMS[0.017/1345] Root-mean-square of residuals from the modelstat.errordoubleMJD[56307/58461] Modified Julian Date of observation startdtime.epochintindexedS43GHz[0.001/29.41] Flux density at 43 GHzJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.30-50GHzfloate_S43GHz[0.008/1.5] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in S43GHzJystat.errorfloatR[0/8.61] Distance to the coremaspos.angDistancefloate_R[0/3.1] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in Rmasstat.errorfloattheta[-180/180] Relative position angle with respect to coredegpos.posAngfloate_theta[0/69] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in thetadegstat.error;pos.posAngfloata[0.02/3.1] Angular size (1)masphys.angSizefloate_a[0.003/0.17] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in amasstat.errorfloatTb[0/172415] Observed brightness temperature (2)Kphys.temperaturedoublef_TbBoolean flag on Tb (3)meta.codecharIDSource identifier from its B1950 coordinatesmeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintChi2[0/406] Chi-square value of Gaussian-component modelstat.fit.chi2floatEpoch[2013/2018.94] Epoch of observation startyrtime.epochdoubleJ/ApJS/260/12/table3Jet structureTypeKnot type (4)src.classcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDSource name from its B1950 coordinatesmeta.id.parentcharKnotKnot designationmeta.id;meta.maincharN[3/133] Number of epochs the knot was detectedmeta.numberintS43avg[0.01/6.8] Mean 43GHz flux density (1)Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.30-50GHzfloate_S43avg[0/6.7] Standard deviation in S43avgJystat.errorfloatRavg[0/7.14] Mean distance (2)maspos.angDistance;stat.meanfloate_Ravg[0.01/2.1] Standard deviation in Ravgmasstat.errorfloattheta[-178/180] Mean position angle for the knot (3)degpos.posAng;stat.meanfloate_theta[0/156] Standard deviation in thetadegstat.error;pos.posAngfloataavg[0.02/1.4] Mean knot size (1)masphys.angSizefloate_aavg[0/0.7] Standard deviation in aavgmasstat.errorfloatJ/ApJS/260/12/table8Velocity in the jetsIDSource identifier from its B1950 coordinatesmeta.id.parentcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKnotKnot designationmeta.id;meta.maincharN[1/5] Segment number of piecewise linear fitmeta.numberintStart[2004.5/2018.7] Start epoch of linear segment (1)yrtime.epochdoubleEnd[2005.3/2018.94] End epoch of linear segment (1)yrtime.epochdoublemu[0.006/5.3] Proper motionmas/yrpos.pmfloate_mu[0.001/0.3] Uncertainty in mumas/yrstat.errorfloatPhi[-178.5/179.7] Direction of motiondegpos.posAng;pos.pmfloate_Phi[0.1/240.2] Uncertainty in Phidegstat.errorfloatbeta[0.01/78.7] Apparent speedphys.veloc;arith.difffloate_beta[0.02/11.3] Uncertainty in betastat.errorfloatTcirc[1977.3/2018.5]? Epoch of Ejection (2)yrtime.epochdoublenullablee_Tcirc[0.0029/61.5]? Uncertainty in Tcirc (2)yrstat.errorfloatnullablef_TcircFlag for Epoch of Ejectionmeta.codecharJ/ApJS/260/12/table9Quasi-stationary jet featuresIDSource name from its B1950 coordinatesmeta.id.parentcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKnotKnot designationmeta.id;meta.maincharN[3/132] Number of epochs stationary feature observedmeta.numberintR[0.08/37.41] Projected linear distance (1)pcpos.distancefloate_R[0.01/2.23] Uncertainty in Rpcstat.errorfloatX[-1.92/4.49] Mean position of the knot (2)maspos.cartesian.xfloatY[-3.05/0.99] Mean position of the knot (2)maspos.cartesian.yfloatA[0.03/0.96] Semimajor axis lengthmasphys.angSize.smajAxisfloatB[0.01/0.57] Semiminor axis lengthmasphys.angSize.sminAxisfloatvarpi[-133.8/42.6] Orientation angle of semimajor axis relative to northdegphys.angSize.smajAxisfloatJ/ApJS/260/12/table10Acceleration in the jetsReg[1/4] Acceleration region numbermeta.idintIDSource identifier from its B1950 coordinatesmeta.id.parentcharKnotKnot designationmeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStart[2006.66/2018.15] Start epoch of acceleration region (1)yrtime.epochfloatEnd[2008.16/2018.74] End epoch of acceleration region (1)yrtime.epochfloatdotmu-II[-2.25/1.6] Acceleration parallel (2)mas.yr**-2phys.accelerationfloate_dotmu-II[0.001/0.8] Uncertainty in dotmu-IImas.yr**-2stat.errorfloatdotmu-pp[-0.98/2.25] Acceleration perpendicular (2)mas.yr**-2phys.accelerationfloate_dotmu-pp[0.001/0.32] Uncertainty in dotmu-ppmas.yr**-2stat.errorfloatRdotmu[0.14/6.15] Distance from the core to the acceleration regionpcpos.distancefloateta-II[-3.9/17.7] Normalized acceleration parallel (2)yr**-1phys.acceleration;arith.ratiofloate_eta-II[0.006/11.95] Uncertainty in eta-IIyr**-1stat.errorfloateta-pp[-8.013/6.81] Normalized acceleration perpendicular (2)yr**-1phys.acceleration;arith.ratiofloate_eta-pp[0.008/7.1] Uncertainty in eta-ppyr**-1stat.errorfloatJ/ApJS/260/12/table12Physical parameters of jet featurese_aavg[0.002/0.06] Uncertainty in Sizemasstat.errorfloatIDSource name from its B1950 coordinatesmeta.id.parentcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKnotKnot designationmeta.id;meta.mainchartau[0.1/9.8] Timescale of variability, {tau}_var_yrsrc.varfloate_tau[0.01/3] Uncertainty in tauyrstat.errorfloataavg[0.05/1.6] Mean knot size, <a>masphys.angSizefloatNt[3/81] Number of epochs (1)meta.numberintdelta[1.5/103.9] Doppler factor of variabilityspect.dopplerParamfloate_delta[0.1/37.8] Uncertainty in deltastat.error;pos.eq.decfloatGamma[1.7/132.2] Lorentz factorstat.fit.paramfloate_Gamma[0.036/24] Uncertainty in Gammastat.errorfloattheta[0.14/30.2] Viewing angle, {Theta}_{circ}_degpos.posAngfloate_theta[0.03/15.6] Uncertainty in thetadegstat.error;pos.posAngfloat