J/ApJS/258/8ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/258/8doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22580008CDSMolnar L.Bodi A.Pal A.Bhardwaj A.Hambsch F.-J.Benko J.M.,Derekas A.Ebadi M.Joyce M.Hasanzadeh A.Kolenberg K.Lund M.B.,Nemec J.M.Netzel H.Ngeow C.-C.Pepper J.Plachy E.Prudil Z.,Siverd R.J.Skarka M.Smolec R.Sodor A.Sylla S.Szabo P.Szabo R.,Kjeldsen H.Christensen-Dalsgaard J.Ricker G.R.2022-09-30T22:21:59Z2022-05-23T10:35:16ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frvariable-starsphotometryvisible-astronomyradial-velocityabsolute-magnitudeThe Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) space telescope is collecting continuous, high-precision optical photometry of stars throughout the sky, including thousands of RR Lyrae stars. In this paper, we present results for an initial sample of 118 nearby RR Lyrae stars observed in TESS Sectors 1 and 2. We use differential image photometry to generate light curves and analyze their mode content and modulation properties. We combine accurate light-curve parameters from TESS with parallax and color information from the Gaia mission to create a comprehensive classification scheme. We build a clean sample, preserving RR Lyrae stars with unusual light-curve shapes, while separating other types of pulsating stars. We find that a large fraction of RR Lyrae stars exhibit various low-amplitude modes, but the distribution of those modes is markedly different from those of the bulge stars. This suggests that differences in physical parameters have an observable effect on the excitation of extra modes, potentially offering a way to uncover the origins of these signals. However, mode identification is hindered by uncertainties when identifying the true pulsation frequencies of the extra modes. We compare mode amplitude ratios in classical double-mode stars to stars with extra modes at low amplitudes and find that they separate into two distinct groups. Finally, we find a high percentage of modulated stars among the fundamental mode pulsators, but also find that at least 28% of them do not exhibit modulation, confirming that a significant fraction of stars lack the Blazhko effect.2022ApJS..258....8Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/258/8CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)I/352 : Distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia EDR3 (Bailer-Jones+, 2021)IV/39 : TESS Input Catalog version 8.2 (TIC v8.2) (Paegert+, 2021)J/AJ/108/1016 : Kinematics of local RR lyrae stars. I. (Layden, 1994)J/ApJ/598/597 : Freq. analysis of fundamental-mode RR Lyrae (Alcock+, 2003)J/A+A/410/527 : Abundances in the Galactic disk (Bensby+, 2003)J/AcA/53/93 : OGLE RR Lyrae in LMC (Soszynski+, 2003)J/AJ/129/267 : RR Lyrae variables in NGC 5272 (Cacciari+, 2005)J/MNRAS/377/1263 : Multiperiodic RR Lyrae in ASAS catalog (Szczygiel+, 2007)J/MNRAS/377/1263 : Multiperiodic RR Lyrae in ASAS catalog (Szczygiel+, 2007)J/A+A/510/A39 : CoRoT light curves of V1127 Aql (Chadid+, 2010)J/A+A/523/A48 : Gaia photometry (Jordi+, 2010)J/MNRAS/415/1577 : CoRoT 105288363 Blazhko modulation (Guggenberger+, 2011)J/MNRAS/411/1585 : CZ Lac multiperiodic Blazhko modulation (Sodor+, 2011)J/AJ/144/114 : Radial velocities of 6 field RR Lyrae (Sesar+, 2012)J/AcA/63/159 : LMC OGLE-III Shallow Survey variable stars (Ulaczyk+, 2013)J/ApJS/213/31 : Blazhko effect from 4yr of Kepler data (Benko+, 2014)J/MNRAS/437/2702 : MC Cepheids, RR Lyrae stars and binaries (Moretti+, 2014)J/A+A/562/A90 : Times of maximum light of Blazhko RRab stars (Skarka, 2014)J/A+A/570/A100 : BVRc light curves of 5 CoRoT RR Lyrae stars (Szabo+, 2014)J/ApJ/809/L19 : LCs of RR Lyrae stars V350 Lyr & KIC 7021124 (Henry+, 2015)J/MNRAS/447/3342 : Galactic & LMC Cepheids Fourier parameters (Bhardwaj+, 2015)J/ApJ/814/71 : Carina project IX: Carina variables UBVI (Coppola+, 2015)J/ApJS/219/25 : LCs of RR Lyrae stars in M3 (NGC5272) (Jurcsik+, 2015)J/MNRAS/452/4283 : 33 RR Lyrae observed in Pisces with K2-E2 (Molnar+, 2015)J/MNRAS/453/2022 : Double-mode radial-non-radial RR Lyrae stars (Netzel+, 2015)J/AcA/65/233 : OGLE Magellanic Clouds anomalous Cepheids (Soszynski+, 2015)J/A+A/589/A94 : TU UMa light curves and maxima, CL Aur minima (Liska+, 2016)J/MNRAS/463/1332 : Anomalous RRd stars in Magellanic Clouds (Soszynski+, 2016)J/MNRAS/469/3688 : CSS Periodic Variable Star Catalogue (Drake+, 2017)J/ApJ/850/96 : PS1 3{pi} RRab stars within Sgr stream (Hernitschek+, 2017)J/AJ/153/204 : RR Lyrae stars from the PS1 3{pi} survey (Sesar+, 2017)J/A+A/616/A10 : 46 open clusters GaiaDR2 HR diag. (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/ApJ/863/151 : Period analysis of 7 field RRab stars (Li+, 2018)J/A+A/620/A127 : Cassification of RR Lyrae and Cepheid (Molnar+, 2018)J/AJ/155/45 : RRc stars in Carnegie RR Lyrae Survey (Sneden+, 2018)J/A+A/616/A7 : Gaia DR2 RVel standard stars cat. (Soubiran+, 2018)J/A+A/624/A19 : GALAH survey chemodynamical analyse with TGAS (Buder+, 2019)J/A+A/622/A60 : Gaia DR2 misclassified RR Lyrae list (Clementini+, 2019)J/A+A/623/A117 : Galactic Cepheids & RR Lyrae mult. II (Kervella+, 2019)J/A+A/623/A116 : Galactic Cepheids and RR Lyrae mult. I. (Kervella+, 2019)J/AJ/158/105 : IR phot. of field RR Lyrae variable stars (Layden+, 2019)J/ApJS/241/12 : Asteroseismic Target List (ATL) for TESS (Schofield+, 2019)J/ApJS/244/32 : Extended Aperture Phot. of K2 RR Lyrae stars (Plachy+, 2019)J/MNRAS/484/4833 : Oosterhoff dichotomy in Galactic bulge (Prudil+, 2019)J/A+A/644/A95 : omega Cen RR Lyrae and Type II Cepheids (Braga+, 2020)J/MNRAS/492/3408 : Galactic disc RR Lyrae stars (Prudil+, 2020)J/AJ/162/117 : Radial velocity for 19 RR Lyrae (Barnes+, 2021)J/MNRAS/506/150 : The GALAH+ Survey DR3 (Buder+, 2021)J/ApJS/253/11 : TESS observations of Cepheid stars (Plachy+, 2021)J/A+A/648/A78 : Orphan stream RR Lyrae and non-variables (Prudil+, 2021)J/A+A/649/A3 : Gaia EDR3 photometric passbands (Riello+, 2021)http://archive.stsci.edu/tess/tess_drn.html : TESS Data Releases Noteshttp://tasoc.dk/ : TESS Asteroseismic Science Operations Center home pagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/258/8https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/258/8http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/258/8https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/258/8https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/258/8http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/258/8GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/258/8/stars (Stars identified as RRab type (Table 1), RRC type (Table 2), RRd type (Table 3) and ACEP candidates (Table 4))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/258/8/stars?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/258/8/stars?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/258/8/stars?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.50821-36.904250.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/258/8/table5 (Stars erroneously identified as RR Lyrae stars in previous studies)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/258/8/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/258/8/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/258/8/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true87.6829994-64.27371640.0055555555555555566/16408 16440 16553 16587 16602 16947 17014 17016 17045 17112 17119 17158 17328 32884 32903 32911 32921 32993-32994 33045 33051 33057 33077 33085 33104 33117 33121 33126-33127 33173 33177 33197 33224 33294 33305 33342 33432 33465 33467 33525 33544 33598 33796 33812 33825 33853 33877 34835 34939 34944-34945 35025 35399 35418 35423 35514 37032 37389 37455 37523 37530 37554 38934 38947 38955 39048 45141 45324 45329 45337 45465 45539 45892 45898-45899 46069 46126 46130 46192 46220 46246 46248 46264 46266 46327 46336 46351 46373 46375 46382 46397 46440 46454 46482 46564 46599 46605 46632 46641 46650 46655 46683 46792 46833 46966 46975 46980 47015 47074 48137 48141 48165 48176 48207 48212 48228 48234 48237 48317 48320 48358 48398 48443 484591.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/258/8?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJS/258/8/starsStars identified as RRab type (Table 1), RRC type (Table 2), RRd type (Table 3) and ACEP candidates (Table 4)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000. (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000. (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decnullableindexedGaiaDR2Gaia DR2 Object IDmeta.idClassRRab (Table 1), RRc (Table 2), RRd type (Table 3) or anomalous Cepheid (ACEP) candidates (Table 4)src.classcharf_GaiaDR2Flag on Gaia DR2 vs EDR3 identifier (1)meta.codecharNameNamemeta.id;meta.maincharprimarySectorTESS Sectormeta.id;obscharRAICRSRight Ascension, Gaia DR2 (ICRS at epoch J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEICRS[-81/-9] Declination, Gaia DR2 (ICRS at epoch J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainRPmag[9/13.7]? Gaia DR2 RP-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatnullableGmag[9.4/14.1] Gaia DR2 G-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatPerPeriod copied from Per1 in Table 8; column added by CDSdtime.perioddoubleNpNumber of photometry measurements for this star (link to Table 6)meta.numberintnullableBLDisplay the Blazhko identification data (link to Table 7)meta.ref.urlintnullableVelDisplay the available velocity information (link to Table 9)meta.ref.urlintnullableDistDisplay the period(s) and distance information (link to Table 8)meta.ref.urlintnullableFDisplay the period and relative Fourier parameters data (link to Table 10)meta.ref.urlintnullableModDisplay the extra mode signal data (link to Table 11)meta.ref.urlintnullableLCInteractive LC Plotmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJS/258/8/table5Stars erroneously identified as RR Lyrae stars in previous studiesPer2[2.4/2.5]? 2nd period, daysdtime.periodfloatnullableSectorTESS Sectormeta.id;obscharTypeDerived object typesrc.classcharDist[87.6/1470] Distancepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatE_Dist[0.1/32.6] Upper uncertainty on Distpcstat.error;stat.maxfloate_Dist[0.1/25.6] Lower uncertainty on Distpcstat.errorfloatGMag[2.56/7.3] Absolute G-band magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloate_GMag[0.005/0.05] Uncertainty in MGmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaDR2Gaia DR2 Object IDmeta.idNameNamemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryPer1[0.3/30.3] Period, daysdtime.perioddoubleJ/ApJS/258/8/table6*FITSH differential-image photometry of the FFI targetsNameNamemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJD[2458325.3/2458381.5] Barycentric Julian Date of observationdtime.epochdoubleindexedRPmag[9.2/14.2] Gaia DR2 RP-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloate_RPmag[0.0002/1.1] Uncertainty in RPmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatFlux[357.9/33448] FITSH differential-image fluxe.s**-1phot.flux.densitydoublee_Flux[0.75/1593] Uncertainty in Fluxe.s**-1stat.error;phot.fluxfloatFlux-bg[-102.1/182.4] Average background fluxe.s**-1phot.flux;instr.backgroundfloate_Flux-bg[0/343] Uncertainty in Flux-bge.s**-1stat.errorfloatJ/ApJS/258/8/table7Blazhko identifications in the RRab sample, plus the two ACEP (candidate) starsNameNamemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintf_NameFlag(s) on Name (1)meta.codecharBlBlazhko identificationmeta.codecharn_BlNote on identification (2)meta.notecharl_Per[>~] Limit or uncertainty flag on Permeta.code.errorcharPer[5.5/1271]? Modulation perioddtime.periodfloatnullablen_PerNote on Permeta.notecharJ/ApJS/258/8/table8Periods, distances, calculated absolute magnitudes and absorption coefficients of the pulsating star targetsNameNamemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaDR2Gaia DR2 Object IDmeta.idPer1[0.27/0.9] Perioddtime.perioddoublePer2[0.35/0.5]? Perioddtime.perioddoublenullableDist[480/5050] Distancepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricintE_Dist[3/662] Upper uncertainty on Distpcstat.error;stat.maxinte_Dist[3/440] Lower uncertainty on Distpcstat.errorintGMag[-2.1/1.6] Absolute G-band magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloate_GMag[0.02/0.25] Uncertainty in MGmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatBPMag[-2.4/1.8] Absolute BP-band magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloate_BPMag[0.04/0.3] Uncertainty in MBPmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatRPMag[-1.7/1.3] Absolute RP-band magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloate_RPMag[0.03/0.26] Uncertainty in MRPmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatAG1[0/3.1] G-band extinction valuemagphys.absorptionfloatAG2[0.5/1.6]? G-band extinction valuemagphys.absorptionfloatnullableJ/ApJS/258/8/table9U, V and W velocity components and radial velocitiesNameNamemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaDR2Gaia DR2 Object IDmeta.idU[-464/-3] Velocity component Ukm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.xinte_U[1/103] Uncertainty in Ukm/sstat.error;pos.cartesian.xintV[-353/498] Velocity component Vkm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.yinte_V[1/98] Uncertainty in Vkm/sstat.error;pos.cartesian.yintW[-345.7/181.2] Velocity component Wkm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.zfloate_W[2.9/74.2] Uncertainty in Wkm/sstat.error;pos.cartesian.zfloatr_RVelSource for RVel (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharRVel[-249/405] Radial Velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricinte_RVel[3/75] Uncertainty for RVelkm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocintGroupOther Grouping (2)meta.codecharJ/ApJS/258/8/table10Periods and relative Fourier parametersPer[0.27/0.9] Perioddtime.perioddoubleNameNamemeta.id;meta.maincharR21[0.045/0.6] R21 Fourier parameterstat.Fourierfloate_R21[0.0006/0.4] Uncertainty in R21stat.errorfloatR31[0.014/0.4] R31 Fourier parameterstat.Fourierfloate_R31[0.0009/1.2] Uncertainty in R31stat.errorfloatphi21[0.3/4] phi21 Fourier parameterradstat.Fourierfloate_phi21[0.0006/0.4] Uncertainty in phi21radstat.errorfloatphi31[0.04/6.3] phi31 Fourier parameterradstat.Fourierfloate_phi31[0.0009/1.1] Uncertainty in phi31radstat.errorfloatGroupOther Grouping (1)meta.code.classcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaDR2Gaia DR2 Object IDmeta.idJ/ApJS/258/8/table11Simplified identification of extra mode signalsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameNamemeta.id;meta.maincharFMfreq[1.3/2.6]? FM mode frequencyd**-1em.freqdoublenullableFMamp[0.03/0.3]? FM mode amplitudemagsrc.var.amplitudedoublenullableO1freq[2.36/3.7]? O1 mode frequencyd**-1em.freqdoublenullableO1amp[0.069/0.2]? O1 mode amplitudemagsrc.var.amplitudedoublenullableSfreq[0.6/11.1] Signal frequencyd**-1em.freqdoubleSamp[8e-05/0.009] Signal amplitudemagsrc.var.amplitudedoubleLabelType of frequency groups ("PD"=period doubling)meta.code;src.varcharGroupOther Grouping (1)meta.code.classchar