J/ApJS/257/46ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/257/46doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22570046CDSGodoy-Rivera D.Pinsonneault M.H.Rebull L.M.2023-09-04T14:13:01Z2022-01-25T09:31:55ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clustersstellar-agesvisible-astronomyThe period versus mass diagrams (i.e., rotational sequences) of open clusters provide crucial constraints for angular momentum evolution studies. However, their memberships are often heavily contaminated by field stars, which could potentially bias the interpretations. In this paper, we use data from Gaia DR2 to reassess the memberships of seven open clusters with ground- and space-based rotational data, and present an updated view of stellar rotation as a function of mass and age. We use the Gaia astrometry to identify the cluster members in phase space, and the photometry to derive revised ages and place the stars on a consistent mass scale. Applying our membership analysis to the rotational sequences reveals that: (1) the contamination in clusters observed from the ground can reach up to ~35%; (2) the overall fraction of rotational outliers decreases substantially when the field contaminants are removed, but some outliers persist; (3) there is a sharp upper edge in the rotation periods at young ages; (4) at young ages, stars in the 1.0-0.6M_{sun}_ range inhabit a global maximum of rotation periods, potentially providing an optimal window for habitable planets. Additionally, we see clear evidence for a strongly mass-dependent spin-down process. In the regime where rapid rotators are leaving the saturated domain, the rotational distributions broaden (in contradiction with popular models), which we interpret as evidence that the torque must be lower for rapid rotators than for intermediate ones. The cleaned rotational sequences from ground-based observations can be as constraining as those obtained from space.2021ApJS..257...46Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/257/46CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/257/46https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/257/46http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/257/46https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/257/46https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/257/46http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/257/46GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/257/46/tablec1 (Main information and properties for the probable and possible cluster members)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/257/46/tablec1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/257/46/tablec1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/257/46/tablec1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true122.5312861179182-48.42477604675430.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/257/46/tablef1 (Main information and properties for the periodic samples)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/257/46/tablef1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/257/46/tablef1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/257/46/tablef1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true122.836147773-48.82293257760.0055555555555555563/7 73 5/90-91 94-95 212 290 296 1083 1157 1159 1218 1224 1227 3695 3780 9398 6/318-319 355 358-359 370-371 374 404-405 407 412 414 436-437 439 447 832-833 836-837 839 1064 1066-1067 1153-1155 1164 1166 1192 1194 4285 4287 4323 4325-4328 4330-4331 4336 4338 4342 4344 4346-4349 4351 4520 4523 4526 4633 4657 4659 4661-4663 4668 4670-4671 4800-4801 4803-4805 4807 4809 4813 4816-4818 4820 4822-4824 4864 4866-4869 4871 4877-4879 4900 4902-4904 4906-4907 4992-4994 4996 14777-14779 15124-15126 21671 21677 21682 21688 24520 24522 37581 37586-37587 39175 39181-39183 39186 39192 39194https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/257/46?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJS/257/46/tablec1Main information and properties for the probable and possible cluster membersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClusterCluster Name (G1)meta.id.parentcharGaiaDR2GaiaDR2 IDmeta.id;meta.mainRA_ICRSRight ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexedplxParallaxmaspos.parallax.trigdoublee_plxParallax errormasstat.error;pos.parallaxdoublepmRAProper motion in Right Ascension, pmRA*cosDEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoubleSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.decindexede_pmRAProper motion in Right Ascension errormas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.radoublepmDEProper motion in Declinationmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublee_pmDEProper motion in Declination errormas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decdoubleGmagG band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optdoubleBPmag? BP band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.BdoublenullableRPmag? RP band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.RdoublenullableBP-RP? BP-RP colormagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RdoublenullableDeltaDelta quantity (Eq. 6) (1)stat.fit.paramfloatPmembCluster membership probability (Eq. 7)stat.probabilityfloatClassMembership classificationmeta.code.classcharMG0proj? Projected absolute and dereddened Gmagmagphys.magAbsfloatnullableMass? MasssolMassphys.massfloatnullableTeff? Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintnullableFlagMTFlag regime Mass and Teffmeta.code.errorcharJ/ApJS/257/46/tablef1Main information and properties for the periodic samplesSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableMG0proj? Projected absolute and dereddened Gmagmagphys.magAbsfloatnullableMass? MasssolMassphys.massfloatnullableTeff? Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintnullableFlagMTFlag regime Mass and Teffmeta.code.errorchar_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.decnullableindexedrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClusterCluster Name (G1)meta.id.parentcharSourceIDID in catalog of periods (2)meta.notecharPeriodPerioddtime.perioddoubleGaiaDR2? GaiaDR2 IDmeta.id;meta.mainnullableRA_ICRS? Right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullableDE_ICRS? Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableplx? Parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigdoublenullablee_plx? Parallax errormasstat.error;pos.parallaxdoublenullablepmRA? Proper motion in Right Ascensionmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublenullablee_pmRA? Proper motion in Right Ascension errormas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.radoublenullablepmDE? Proper motion in Declinationmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublenullablee_pmDE? Proper motion in Declination errormas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublenullableGmag? G band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optdoublenullableBPmag? BP band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.BdoublenullableRPmag? RP band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.RdoublenullableBP-RP? BP-RP colormagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RdoublenullableDelta? Delta quantity (Eq. 6)stat.fit.paramfloatnullablePmemb? Cluster membership probability (Eq. 7)stat.probabilityfloatnullableClassMembership classificationmeta.code.classcharJ/ApJS/257/46/tableg1Percentiles of the distribution of rotation periods as a function of mass and agesigma-p90? Standard error of 90th percentiledstat.errorfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClusterCluster Name (G1)meta.id.parentcharAgeRevised Cluster AgeMyrtime.ageintMassbinMass binsolMassphys.massfloatNstarsNumber of stars in Mass binmeta.numberintPeriod-p10? 10th percentile of Period distributiondtime.periodfloatnullableMAD-p10? Median Absolute Deviation of 10th percentiledstat.stdevfloatnullablesigma-p10? Standard error of 10th percentiledstat.errorfloatnullablePeriod-p2525th percentile of Period distributiondtime.periodfloatMAD-p25Median Absolute Deviation of 25th percentiledstat.stdevfloatsigma-p25Standard error of 25th percentiledstat.errorfloatPeriod-p5050th percentile of Period distributiondtime.periodfloatMAD-p50Median Absolute Deviation of 50th percentiledstat.stdevfloatsigma-p50Standard error of 50th percentiledstat.errorfloatPeriod-p7575th percentile of Period distributiondtime.periodfloatMAD-p75Median Absolute Deviation of 75th percentiledstat.stdevfloatsigma-p75Standard error of 75th percentiledstat.errorfloatPeriod-p90? 90th percentile of Period distributiondtime.periodfloatnullableMAD-p90? Median Absolute Deviation of 90th percentiledstat.stdevfloatnullable