J/ApJS/257/43ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/257/43doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22570043CDSLeroy A.K.Schinnerer E.Hughes A.Rosolowsky E.Pety J.Schruba A.,Usero A.Blanc G.A.Chevance M.Emsellem E.Faesi C.M.Herrera C.N.,Liu D.Meidt S.E.Querejeta M.Saito T.Sandstrom K.M.Sun J.,Williams T.G.Anand G.S.Barnes A.T.Behrens E.A.Belfiore F.,Benincasa S.M.Beslic I.Bigiel F.Bolatto A.D.den Brok J.S.Cao Y.,Chandar R.Chastenet J.Chiang I.-D.Congiu E.Dale D.A.Deger S.,Eibensteiner C.Egorov O.V.Garcia-Rodriguez A.Glover S.C.O.Grasha K.,Henshaw J.D.Ho I.-T.Kepley A.A.Kim J.Klessen R.S.Kreckel K.,Koch E.W.Kruijssen J.M.D.Larson K.L.Lee J.C.Lopez L.A.Machado J.,Mayker N.McElroy R.Murphy E.J.Ostriker E.C.Pan H.-A.Pessa I.,Puschnig J.Razza A.Sanchez-Blazquez P.Santoro F.Sardone A.,Scheuermann F.Sliwa K.Sormani M.C.Stuber S.K.Thilker D.A.,Turner J.A.Utomo D.Watkins E.J.Whitmore B.2022-06-13T13:26:14Z2022-04-07T08:28:43ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frco-line-emissiongalaxiesmillimeter-astronomysubmillimeter-astronomyinterstellar-mediummolecular-cloudsWe present PHANGS-ALMA, the first survey to map CO J=2-1 line emission at ~1" ~100pc spatial resolution from a representative sample of 90 nearby (d<~20Mpc) galaxies that lie on or near the z=0 "main sequence" of star-forming galaxies. CO line emission traces the bulk distribution of molecular gas, which is the cold, star-forming phase of the interstellar medium. At the resolution achieved by PHANGS-ALMA, each beam reaches the size of a typical individual giant molecular cloud, so that these data can be used to measure the demographics, life cycle, and physical state of molecular clouds across the population of galaxies where the majority of stars form at z=0. This paper describes the scientific motivation and background for the survey, sample selection, global properties of the targets, Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations, and characteristics of the delivered data and derived data products. As the ALMA sample serves as the parent sample for parallel surveys with MUSE on the Very Large Telescope, the Hubble Space Telescope, AstroSat, the Very Large Array, and other facilities, we include a detailed discussion of the sample selection. We detail the estimation of galaxy mass, size, star formation rate, CO luminosity, and other properties, compare estimates using different systems and provide best-estimate integrated measurements for each target. We also report the design and execution of the ALMA observations, which combine a Cycle 5 Large Program, a series of smaller programs, and archival observations. Finally, we present the first 1" resolution atlas of CO emission from nearby galaxies and describe the properties and contents of the first PHANGS-ALMA public data release.2021ApJS..257...43Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/257/43CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/237 : HYPERLEDA. I. Catalog of galaxies (Paturel+, 2003)J/ApJ/551/852 : FCRAO CO survey of the outer Galaxy (Heyer+, 2001)J/ApJS/149/343 : Giant molecular clouds in M33 (Engargiola+, 2003)J/AJ/126/1607 : IRAS Revised Bright Galaxy Sample (Sanders+, 2003)J/AJ/127/2031 : Catalog of neighboring galaxies (Karachentsev+, 2004)J/ApJ/633/871 : Positions & photometry of HII knots in M51 (Calzetti+, 2005)J/ApJ/671/333 : Aperture photometry in NGC 5194 (Kennicutt+, 2007)J/ApJ/654/240 : Giant molecular clouds in M31 (Rosolowsky+, 2007)J/ApJ/661/830 : Giant molecular clouds of M33 (Rosolowsky+, 2007)J/ApJ/686/948 : CO in extragalactic giant molecular clouds (Bolatto+, 2008)J/ApJS/178/56 : CO observations of LMC Giant Molecular clouds (Fukui+, 2008)J/AJ/136/2782 : Star formation efficiency in nearby galaxies (Leroy+, 2008)J/ApJS/184/1 : Molecular clouds in the LMC by NANTEN. II. (Kawamura+, 2009)J/PASP/122/1397 : Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Gal. (Sheth+, 2010)J/A+A/534/A102 : AMIGA IX. Molecular gas properties (Lisenfeld+, 2011)J/ApJS/197/16 : CO obs. of LMC molecular clouds (MAGMA). (Wong+, 2011)J/MNRAS/414/940 : ATLAS3D project. IV. (Young+, 2011)J/A+A/542/A108 : Giant molecular clouds in M33 (Gratier+, 2012)J/ApJ/772/107 : Giant molecular clouds in nearby gal. (Donovan Meyer+, 2013)J/ApJ/777/42 : Kinematic and HI data for the NFGS (Kannappan+, 2013)J/ApJ/784/3 : PAWS catalogs of GMCs and islands in M51 (Colombo+, 2014)J/ApJS/219/4 : S4G pipeline 4: multi-component decompositions (Salo+, 2015)J/ApJ/833/229 : Star forming cloud-giant mol. cloud complexes (Lee+, 2016)J/AJ/152/50 : Cosmicflows-3 catalog (CF3) (Tully+, 2016)J/ApJ/831/73 : Galactic MCs with HII regions (Vutisalchavakul+, 2016)J/ApJ/846/159 : Interferometric CO obs. of CALIFA galaxies (Bolatto+, 2017)J/A+A/601/A146 : M33 mol. clouds and young stellar clusters (Corbelli+, 2017)J/MNRAS/465/2471 : Enhanced momentum feedback from clustered SN (Gentry+, 2017)J/ApJ/843/16 : Galaxy groups within 3500km/s (Kourkchi+, 2017)J/ApJ/846/71 : M51 ISM structures from the CO maps of PAWS (Leroy+, 2017)J/ApJ/834/57 : MW molecular clouds from ^12^CO (Miville-Deschenes+, 2017)J/ApJ/841/109 : Cloud decomposition & SFR measurements (Ochsendorf+, 2017)J/ApJS/233/22 : xCOLD GASS catalog (Saintonge+, 2017)J/ApJ/835/278 : Mol. clouds in the dwarf galaxy NGC6822 (Schruba+, 2017)J/ApJ/850/207 : Action dynamics of the Local Supercluster (Shaya+, 2017)J/MNRAS/476/875 : xGASS catalog (Catinella+, 2018)J/ApJ/857/19 : ALMA view of GMCs in NGC 300 (Faesi+, 2018)J/ApJ/862/110 : Metallicity measurements in 70 nearby gal. (Schruba+, 2018)J/ApJ/860/172 : Cloud-scale molecular gas properties in 15 gal. (Sun+, 2018)J/ApJ/880/127 : EMPIRE: IRAM 30m dense gas survey (Jimenez-Donaire+, 2019)J/ApJS/244/24 : A z=0 Multiwavelength Galaxy Synthesis. I. (Leroy+, 2019)J/ApJ/889/5 : HST obs. of Mira variables in NGC1559 (Huang+, 2020)J/ApJ/897/122 : Rot. velocities for PHANGS sample of galaxies (Lang+, 2020)J/ApJ/892/148 : Molecular ISM in nearby star-forming galaxies (Sun+, 2020)J/ApJ/901/L8 : Molecular gas properties of 70 PHANGS-ALMA gal. (Sun+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/257/43https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/257/43http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/257/43https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/257/43https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/257/43http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/257/43GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/257/43/galaxies (PHANGS-ALMA physical properties and cube properties for the 90 star-forming galaxies (Tables 3, 4 and 16))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/257/43/galaxies?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/257/43/galaxies?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/257/43/galaxies?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true11.785833-20.7605560.0055555555555555566/4149 4511 16441 16655 16701 17747 17754 18398 19611 20526 20929 22751 24912 25135 25762 25788 25790 26119 26271 26303 26338 26472 27030 27514 27643 27728 27735 27738 27750 27765 27861 27905 27914 27917-27918 27937-27938 27942 27944 27949 28015 28035 28046 28167 28200 28208 28221 28264 28304 33077 33176 33193 33228 33654 33920 33954 33958 34272 34343 34404 34495 34531 34910 35536 35993 36134 36261 36990 38390 38655 38832 40328 40472 41586 42016 43233 43262 43325 43339 43881 44011 44027 45748 46481 46495 46519 46549https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/257/43?format=asciiMillimeterRadiodefaultJ/ApJS/257/43/galaxiesPHANGS-ALMA physical properties and cube properties for the 90 star-forming galaxies (Tables 3, 4 and 16)e_vlsr[1.3/33.1] Uncertainty in vlsr (2)km/sstat.error;phys.veloc;pos.lsrfloatPA[-14.8/359.1] Orientation, position angle (2)degpos.posAngfloate_PA[0.1/10] Uncertainty in PA (2)degstat.errorfloati[8.9/90] Orientation, inclination (2)degpos.posAngfloate_i[0.2/43.4] Uncertainty in i (2)degstat.errorfloatDist[2/23.6] DistanceMpcpos.distancefloate_Dist[0.09/6] Uncertainty in DistMpcstat.errorfloatr_DistReferences for Dist (3)meta.ref;pos.framecharlogMstar[9.18/11.15] Log of stellar masslog(solMass)phys.massfloatf_logMstarSource for logMstar (4)meta.codecharr25[3.4/34.2] RC3 25th mag isophotal B-band radius (5)kpcphys.size.radiusfloatRe[0.9/7.3] Estimated half-mass radiuskpcphys.size.radiusfloatlstar[0.7/13.1] Stellar scale lengthkpcsrc.morph.scLengthfloatlogSFR[-1.59/1.64] Log of star formation ratelog(solMass.yr**-1)phys.SFRfloatf_logSFRSource for logSFR (6)meta.codecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharLEDAmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryf_NameX=Galaxy is an extension to the main samplemeta.codecharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000) (1)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000) (1)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainvlsr[-226/2389] Mean velocity relative to LSR (2)km/sphys.veloc;pos.lsrfloatl_logLCOUpper limit flag for logLCO (7)meta.code.errorcharlogLCO[6.61/9.49]? Log of CO luminositylog(K.km.s**-1.pc**2)phys.luminosity;em.line.COfloatnullableCorr[0.97/4.24]? Correction factorinstr.paramfloatnullablelogMHI[7.4/10.31]? Log of HI masslog(solMass)phys.massfloatnullableArraysBest available array combinationinstr.paramcharRes1[0.6/8.7] Angular resolution of native cubearcsecpos.angResolutionfloatRes2[26.2/588.6] Physical resolutionpcpos.angResolutionfloatArea1[0.7/98.7] Angular area mappedarcsec**2phys.angAreafloatArea2[8.1/396.8] Physical area mappedkpc**2phys.areafloatNoise1[18/366] Noise in surface brightness, Native resolution in mKmKstat.snrintNoise2[13/114]? Noise in surface brightness, 150pcmKstat.snrintnullableNoise3[1.3/128.1] Noise in surface brightness, Native resolution in mJy/beammJy/beaminstr.det.noisefloatComp1[1.7/97] Completeness, Native resolution (8)%meta.notefloatf_Comp1F=Faint galaxy, completeness is unreliablemeta.codecharComp2[0.9/180]? Completeness, 150pc (8)%meta.notefloatnullablef_Comp2F=Faint galaxy, completeness is unreliablemeta.codecharS4GDisplay data from Sheth+, 2010, J/PASP/122/1397meta.ref.urlintnullableL19Display data from Leroy+, 2019, J/ApJS/244/24meta.ref.urlintnullableNtotNumber of total power observations for this target (link to Table 11)meta.numberintnullableN7mNumber of 7m observations for this target (link to Table 12)meta.numberintnullableN12mNumber of 12m observations for this target (link to Table 13)meta.numberintnullableJ/ApJS/257/43/table11PHANGS-ALMA total power observation logrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameTarget of the observationsmeta.id;meta.maincharProjectALMA project codemeta.id;obscharstart[57036.9/58823.4] Beginning of observations in MJD (G1)dtime.epochdoublestop[57036.9/58823.5] End of observations in MJD (G1)dtime.epochdoubleminel[19/83] Minimum elevation during observationdegpos.az.alt;stat.minfloatmaxel[30/88] Maximum elevation during observationdegpos.az.alt;stat.maxfloatNant[2/4] Number of antennas participating in the observationsmeta.numberintpwv[0/4.4] Precipitable water vapor during the observationmminstr.paramfloatgain[40.5/48.9]? Jansky per Kelvin calibrationJy/Kphot.calib;arith.zpfloatnullableJ/ApJS/257/43/table12PHANGS-ALMA 7m observation logNameTarget of the observationsmeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintm_NameMultiple component on Name IDmeta.code.multipcharProjectALMA project codemeta.id;obscharstart[56316.9/58837.1] Beginning of observations in MJD (G1)dtime.epochdoublestop[56316.9/58837.2] End of observations in MJD (G1)dtime.epochdoubleminel[19.8/78.8] Minimum elevation during observationdegpos.az.alt;stat.minfloatmaxel[39/89] Maximum elevation during observationdegpos.az.alt;stat.maxfloatNant[7/51] Number of antennas participating in the observationsmeta.numberintpwv[0.24/4.8] Precipitable water vapor during the observationmminstr.paramfloatminu-v[0/26.7] Minimum baselineminstr.baseline;stat.minfloatmedu-v[17/201] Median baselineminstr.baseline;stat.medianfloatmaxu-v[31.3/710.4] Maximum baselineminstr.baseline;stat.maxfloatJ/ApJS/257/43/table13PHANGS-ALMA 12m observation logNameTarget of the observationsmeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintm_NameMultiple component on Name IDmeta.code.multipcharProjectALMA project codemeta.id;obscharstart[56316.9/58837.1] Beginning of observations in MJD (G1)dtime.epochdoublestop[56316.9/58837.2] End of observations in MJD (G1)dtime.epochdoubleminel[19.8/78.8] Minimum elevation during observationdegpos.az.alt;stat.minfloatmaxel[39/89] Maximum elevation during observationdegpos.az.alt;stat.maxfloatNant[7/51] Number of antennas participating in the observationsmeta.numberintpwv[0.24/4.8] Precipitable water vapor during the observationmminstr.paramfloatminu-v[0/26.7] Minimum baselineminstr.baseline;stat.minfloatmedu-v[17/201] Median baselineminstr.baseline;stat.medianfloatmaxu-v[31.3/710.4] Maximum baselineminstr.baseline;stat.maxfloat