J/ApJS/250/17ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/250/17doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22500017CDSLiu C.Cote P.Peng E.W.Roediger J.Zhang H.Ferrarese L.,Sanchez-Janssen R.Guhathakurta P.Yang X.Jing Y.Alamo-Martinez K.,Blakeslee J.P.Boselli A.Cuilandre J.-C.Duc P.-A.Durrell P.Gwyn S.,Jordan A.Ko Y.Lancon A.Lim S.Longobardi A.Mei S.Mihos J.C.,Munoz R.Powalka M.Puzia T.Spengler C.Toloba E.2022-11-08T15:21:25Z2020-11-27T07:48:46ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxy-clustersinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomybroad-band-photometryabsolute-magnituderadial-velocityWe present a study of ultracompact dwarf (UCD) galaxies in the Virgo cluster based mainly on imaging from the Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS). Using ~100deg^2^ of u*giz imaging, we have identified more than 600 candidate UCDs, from the core of Virgo out to its virial radius. Candidates have been selected through a combination of magnitudes, ellipticities, colors, surface brightnesses, half-light radii, and, when available, radial velocities. Candidates were also visually validated from deep NGVS images. Subsamples of varying completeness and purity have been defined to explore the properties of UCDs and compare to those of globular clusters and the nuclei of dwarf galaxies with the aim of delineating the nature and origins of UCDs. From a surface density map, we find the UCDs to be mostly concentrated within Virgo's main subclusters, around its brightest galaxies. We identify several subsamples of UCDs-i.e., the brightest, largest, and those with the most pronounced and/or asymmetric envelopes-that could hold clues to the origin of UCDs and possible evolutionary links with dwarf nuclei. We find some evidence for such a connection from the existence of diffuse envelopes around some UCDs and comparisons of radial distributions of UCDs and nucleated galaxies within the cluster.2020ApJS..250...17Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/250/17CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/319 : UKIDSS-DR9 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)J/AJ/90/1681 : The Virgo Cluster Catalog (VCC) (Binggeli+, 1985)J/A+AS/134/75 : Central Fornax Cluster. II. Galaxy spectrosc. (Hilker+ 1999)J/ApJ/559/812 : Globular cluster system in M87 (Hanes+, 2001)J/A+A/383/823 : Radial velocities of UCOs in Fornax (Mieske+, 2002)J/ApJ/591/850 : Radial velocities of M49 globular clusters (Cote+, 2003)J/ApJS/153/223 : ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. I. (Cote+, 2004)J/A+A/418/445 : FCOS UCD galaxies radial velocities (Mieske+, 2004)J/ApJS/164/334 : ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. VI (Ferrarese+, 2006)J/ApJS/171/101 : GCs in the ACS Virgo cluster survey (Jordan+, 2007)J/ApJ/655/144 : ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. XIII. (Mei+, 2007)J/A+A/472/111 : Centaurus Compact Object Survey (Mieske+, 2007)J/AJ/136/2295 : Ultra-compact dwarf cand. in Abell S0740 (Blakeslee+, 2008)J/A+A/485/657 : Physical param. of Wolf-Rayet galaxies (Brinchmann+, 2008)J/AJ/135/1567 : Bright star clusters in M51 (Hwang+, 2008)J/ApJS/180/54 : GC candidates in ACS Virgo survey. (Jordan+, 2009)J/AJ/142/199 : Sizes and luminosities of stellar systems (Brodie+, 2011)J/ApJ/737/86 : UCD galaxies in the Coma cluster (Chiboucas+, 2011)J/ApJS/197/33 : The M87 globular cluster system (Strader+, 2011)J/MNRAS/422/885 : Ultracompact dwarf galaxies in Perseus (Penny+, 2012)J/ApJ/760/87 : Globular clusters of M60 with HST (Strader+, 2012)J/MNRAS/428/389 : SLUGGS GCs in early-type galaxies (Pota+, 2013)J/A+A/570/A69 : GALEX Ultraviolet Virgo Cluster Survey. IV. (Boselli+, 2014)J/AJ/148/32 : Globular cluster candidates in NGC 3115 (Jennings+, 2014)J/MNRAS/443/1151 : AIMSS Project. I. Compact Stellar Systems (Norris+, 2014)J/ApJ/806/133 : Virgo cluster ETGs: GC and galaxy diffuse light (Li+, 2015)J/ApJ/812/34 : Properties of UCD cand. in M87/M49/M60 regions (Liu+, 2015)J/MNRAS/450/1962 : M60 SLUGGS and Gemini/GMOS combined study (Pota+, 2015)J/ApJ/802/30 : NGVS VI. Ultra-compact dwarfs in M87 (Zhang+, 2015)J/ApJS/227/12 : NGVS XXV. Virgo GCs photometry (Powalka+, 2016)J/A+A/586/A102 : UCDs in the halo of NGC1399 (Voggel+, 2016)J/AJ/153/114 : GCs in 27 nearby ETGs from the SLUGGS survey (Forbes+, 2017)J/ApJ/835/212 : Wide-field spectrosc. survey of GCs in Virgo (Ko+, 2017)J/ApJ/858/102 : Gemini/NIFS and HST obs. of the galaxy M59-UCD3 (Ahn+, 2018)J/A+A/625/A50 : Ultra compact dwarf galaxies catalog (Fahrion+, 2019)http://astrowww.phys.uvic.ca/~lff/NGVS/ : NGVS home pagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/250/17https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/250/17http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/250/17https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/250/17https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/250/17http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/250/17GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/250/17/ucds (Photometric properties (Table 3) and structural properties and other information (Table 4) for ultracompact dwarf (UCD) candidates)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/250/17/ucds?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/250/17/ucds?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/250/17/ucds?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true181.719370311.54626180.0055555555555555564/1733 1744 1746 5/6587 6928-6930 6940-6941 6943 6964-6965 6982 6990 7008-7009 6/26342-26343 26345 26347 26354 26360 26362-26364 26366-26367 26536 26538 26542 27724-27726 27745 27748 27750 27756-27757 27759 27768-27770 27844-27845 27865 27868-27869 27922 27952 27954-27956 27958 27964 28040-28041 28044 28048-280508.305533028865447e-20 9.744808130393415e-20https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/250/17?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJS/250/17/ucdsPhotometric properties (Table 3) and structural properties and other information (Table 4) for ultracompact dwarf (UCD) candidatesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHRV[-420/222826]? Heliocentric radial velocity (7)km/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.heliocentricintnullabler_HRVSource for HRV (8)meta.ref;pos.framecharCl[1/6] Class parameter (9)meta.code.classintEnv[0/1] Envelope (1=has obvious envelope)meta.codeintMethSelection method (10)meta.codecharONameAltenative names, if availablemeta.idcharUKIDSSDisplay the UKIDSS DR9 data (II/319) within 1"meta.ref.urlcharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableNameUltracompact dwarf (UCD) galaxy namemeta.idcharSeq[1/828] Sequential identification numbermeta.idintNGVSObject name in NGVS catalog (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)meta.id;meta.maincharTobsExposure time (l=long exposure data; s=short exposure data)meta.codecharRAJ2000[181.71/193.37] Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[4.84/18.19] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainE(B-V)[0.016/0.07] Galactic extinction according to Schlegel+ 1998ApJ...500..525Smagphot.color.excessfloatg0mag[15.3/21.5] Galactic extinction-corrected, aperture-corrected CFHT g-band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloate_g0mag[0/0.014] Uncertainty in g0magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatKmag[11.99/19.03]? UKIDSS K-band magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Kmag[0.001/0.35]? Uncertainty in Kmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullable(u*-g)0[-0.16/1.76]? u*-g color index (3)magphot.color;em.opt.U;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_(u*-g)0[0.001/0.03]? Uncertainty in (u*-g)0magstat.errorfloatnullable(g-i)0[-1.23/1.35]? g-i color index (3)magphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_(g-i)0[0.001/0.017]? Uncertainty in (g-i)0magstat.errorfloatnullable(g-z)0[-1.18/1.67] g-z color index (3)magphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Ifloate_(g-z)0[0.001/0.05] Uncertainty in (g-z)0magstat.errorfloatDenv[-2.11/0.69] Envelop parameter {Delta}_env_ (4)magphot.mag;arith.difffloatUCD?[0/1] Object flag (1=confirmed or possible UCD; 0=contaminant)meta.codeintBMAG[-15.3/-9.2]? Absolute B band magnitude (5)magphys.magAbsfloatnullableVMAG[-14.6/-8.6]? Absolute V band magnitude (5)magphys.magAbsfloatnullablerh[11/96.7] Weighted mean half-light radius (6)pcphys.size.radius;stat.meanfloate_rh[0.01/9.1] Uncertainty in rhpcstat.errorfloatMstar[5.3/8.9] log of stellar masslog(solMass)phys.massfloat