J/ApJS/248/25ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/248/25doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22480025CDSLinden S.T.Murphy E.J.Dong D.Momjian E.Kennicutt R.C.Meier D.S.,Schinnerer E.Turner J.L.2022-09-14T06:08:29Z2022-09-09T12:24:25ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fractive-galactic-nucleistar-forming-regionsradio-sourcesgalaxiesinfrared-sourcesvisible-astronomyh-alpha-photometryultraviolet-astronomyWe present 3, 15, and 33GHz imaging toward galaxy nuclei and extranuclear star-forming regions using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array as part of the Star Formation in Radio Survey (SFRS). With 3-33GHz radio spectra, we measured the spectral indices and corresponding thermal (free-free) emission fractions for a sample of 335 discrete regions having significant detections in at least two radio bands. After removing 14 likely background galaxies, we find that the median thermal fraction at 33GHz is 92%+/-0.8% with a median absolute deviation of 11%, when a two-component power-law model is adopted to fit the radio spectrum. Limiting the sample to 238 sources that are confidently identified as star-forming regions and not affected by potential AGN contamination (i.e., having galactocentric radii r_G_>=250pc) results in a median thermal fraction of 93%+/-0.8% with a median absolute deviation of 10%. We further measure the thermal fraction at 33GHz for 163 regions identified at 7" resolution to be 94%+/-0.8% with a median absolute deviation of 8%. Together, these results confirm that free-free emission dominates the radio spectra of star-forming regions on scales up to ~500pc in normal star-forming galaxies. We additionally find a factor of ~1.6 increase in the scatter of the measured spectral index and thermal fraction distributions as a function of decreasing galactocentric radius. This trend is likely reflective of the continuous star formation activity occurring in the galaxy centers, resulting in a larger contribution of diffuse nonthermal emission relative to star-forming regions in the disk.2020ApJS..248...25Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/248/25CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/155 : Third Reference Cat. of Bright Galaxies (RC3) (de Vaucouleurs+ 1991)J/ApJ/577/31 : PNe in six galaxies (Ciardullo+, 2002)J/ApJ/586/794 : Multiwavelength luminosities of galaxies (Bell, 2003)J/ApJ/703/517 : The Spitzer Local Volume Legacy: IR photometry (Dale+, 2009)J/ApJS/190/233 : Spectroscopy & abundances of SINGS galaxies (Moustakas+, 2010)J/ApJ/745/95 : Herschel FIR & submm photom. of KINGFISH sample (Dale+, 2012)J/ApJ/761/97 : Star Formation in Radio Survey (SFRS): 33GHz (Murphy+, 2012)J/A+A/576/A33 : KINGFISH galaxy sample radial profile SED (Hunt+, 2015)J/ApJ/836/185 : SEDs of radio continuum from KINGFISHER (Tabatabaei+, 2017)J/ApJS/234/24 : VLA 33GHz obs. of star-forming regions (Murphy+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/248/25https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/248/25http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/248/25https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/248/25https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/248/25http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/248/25GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/248/25/gal (Galaxy properties (Table 1) and nuclear source positions and imaging characteristics (Table 2))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/248/25/gal?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/248/25/gal?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/248/25/gal?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true14.959583-7.5788890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/248/25/enuc (Extranuclear source positions and imaging characteristics (Table 3))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/248/25/enuc?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/248/25/enuc?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/248/25/enuc?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true24.18791715.79750.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/248/25/reg (Region photometry and derived parameters (Table 4) and local background measurements (Table A2))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/248/25/reg?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/248/25/reg?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/248/25/reg?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true14.95808333-7.579888890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/248/25/res7 (Region photometry and derived parameters (Table 5) and ancillary source photometry (Table A1) at 7" angular resolution)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/248/25/res7?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/248/25/res7?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/248/25/res7?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true14.95840833-7.576083330.0055555555555555566/764 2320 3506 4447 5181 5492 5715 5751 5799 7241 7602 7604 7624 7743 7799 8106 10761 10841 10856 10901 11026-11027 11434 11457 13522 15592-15593 16441 17594 18398 23178 25083 25946 26271 27030 27514 27555 27830 27861 27914 27937 28015 28033 28035 28123 28167 28496 35993 36194 36241 38390 438451.987820871092403e-24 1.4134638842407062e-18https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/248/25?format=asciiUVOpticalInfraredRadiodefaultJ/ApJS/248/25/galGalaxy properties (Table 1) and nuclear source positions and imaging characteristics (Table 2)SimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharLEDAmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintDist[3.05/30.6] Redshift-independent distance (1)Mpcpos.distancefloatinc[21/83] Inclinationdegsrc.orbital.inclinationintPA[10/173] Position angle from RC3 (VII/155)degpos.posAngintRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainBeam3GHzFWHM of the synthesized beam at 3GHzarcsecphys.angSizecharSig3GHz[12.8/45] 3GHZ point source sensitivity {sigma}uJy/beaminstr.sensitivityfloatTb3GHz[239/1431] 3GHz brightness temperature sensitivity {sigma}_Tb_mKinstr.sensitivityfloatBeam15GHzFWHM of the synthesized beam at 15GHzarcsecphys.angSizecharSig15GHz[7.8/51] 15GHZ point source sensitivity {sigma}uJy/beaminstr.sensitivityfloatTb15GHz[10/133] 15GHz brightness temperature sensitivity {sigma}_Tb_mKinstr.sensitivityfloatNsNumber of sources in table 4+A2 (full resolution) in this fieldmeta.numberintnullableNs7Number of sources in table 5+A1 (FWHM of 7") in this fieldmeta.numberintnullableNameGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharTypeMorphological type from RC3 (VII/155)src.morph.typecharNucNuclear type (2)src.classcharf_Nuc[*] Flag on Nuc (3)meta.codecharD25Diameter from RC3 (VII/155)arcminphys.angSizecharf_PA[d] d: PA from Jarrett+ (2003AJ....125..525J)meta.codecharJ/ApJS/248/25/enucExtranuclear source positions and imaging characteristics (Table 3)NameExtranuclear source namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainBeam3GHzFWHM of the synthesized beam at 3GHzarcsecphys.angSizecharSig3GHz[12.8/45] 3GHZ point source sensitivity {sigma}uJy/beaminstr.sensitivityfloatTb3GHz[239/1431] 3GHz brightness temperature sensitivity {sigma}_Tb_mKinstr.sensitivityfloatBeam15GHzFWHM of the synthesized beam at 15GHzarcsecphys.angSizecharSig15GHz[7.8/51] 15GHZ point source sensitivity {sigma}uJy/beaminstr.sensitivityfloatTb15GHz[9.8/133] 15GHz brightness temperature sensitivity {sigma}_Tb_mKinstr.sensitivityfloatNsNumber of sources in table 4+A2 (full resolution) in this fieldmeta.numberintnullableNs7Number of sources in table 5+A1 (FWHM of 7") in this fieldmeta.numberintnullableJ/ApJS/248/25/regRegion photometry and derived parameters (Table 4) and local background measurements (Table A2)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainS3GHz[0.03/248.5] VLA 3GHz flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.1500-3000MHzfloate_S3GHz[0.01/1.2]? S3GHz uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatnullableS15GHz[0.02/45.4] VLA 15GHz flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHzfloate_S15GHz[0.01/1.4]? S15GHz uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatnullableS33GHz[0.02/61.8] VLA 33GHz flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.30-50GHzfloate_S33GHz[0.01/1.1]? S33GHz uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatnullableSize[44/1556] Aperture size d_ap_pcphys.angSize;instr.fovfloatrG[0/24] Deprojected galactocentric radiuskpcphys.size.radius;pos.galactocentricfloatalpha[-1.4/0.9]? Observed slope {alpha} from 3 to 33GHzspect.indexfloatnullablee_alpha[0.001/0.5]? alpha uncertaintystat.error;pos.eq.rafloatnullabletfrac[0.05/1]? Thermal fraction at 33GHzphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_tfrac[0.002/0.9]? tfrac uncertaintystat.errorfloatnullablebg3GHz[-0.14/16.8]? 3GHz local background valuemJyinstr.backgroundfloatnullablebg15GHz[-0.06/1.5]? 15GHz local background valuemJyinstr.backgroundfloatnullablebg33GHz[-0.2/1.4]? 33GHz local background valuemJyinstr.backgroundfloatnullablef3GHzbg[0/0.37]? 3GHz fractional contribution (1)phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullablef15GHzbg[0/0.33]? 15GHz fractional contribution (1)phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullablef33GHzbg[0/0.26]? 33GHz fractional contribution (1)phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullableOTSource type (G1)meta.code.classcharNameField identifier (galaxy nuclei or extranuclear HII regions)meta.id;meta.maincharm_NameSource identifier (blank if only one source in the field)meta.code.multipcharf_Name[a] Flag on Name (G2)meta.codecharl_S3GHzLimit flag on S3GHzmeta.code.errorcharl_S15GHzLimit flag on S15GHzmeta.code.errorcharl_S33GHzLimit flag on S33GHzmeta.code.errorcharJ/ApJS/248/25/res7Region photometry and derived parameters (Table 5) and ancillary source photometry (Table A1) at 7" angular resolutione_S33GHz[0.01/1.1]? S33GHz uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintOTSource type (G1)meta.code.classcharNameField identifier (galaxy nuclei or extranuclear HII regions)meta.id;meta.maincharm_NameSource identifier (blank if only one source in the field)meta.code.multipcharRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainl_S3GHzLimit flag on S3GHzmeta.code.errorcharS3GHz[0.03/248.5] VLA 3GHz flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.1500-3000MHzfloate_S3GHz[0.01/1.2]? S3GHz uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatnullablel_S15GHzLimit flag on S15GHzmeta.code.errorcharS15GHz[0.02/45.4] VLA 15GHz flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHzfloate_S15GHz[0.01/1.4]? S15GHz uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatnullablel_S33GHzLimit flag on S33GHzmeta.code.errorcharS33GHz[0.02/61.8] VLA 33GHz flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.30-50GHzfloatSize[44/1556] Aperture size d_ap_pcphys.angSize;instr.fovfloatrG[0/24] Deprojected galactocentric radiuskpcphys.size.radius;pos.galactocentricfloatalpha[-1.4/0.9]? Observed slope {alpha} from 3 to 33GHzspect.indexfloatnullablee_alpha[0.001/0.5]? alpha uncertaintystat.error;pos.eq.rafloatnullabletfrac[0.05/1]? Thermal fraction at 33GHzphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_tfrac[0.002/0.9]? tfrac uncertaintystat.errorfloatnullableOTaSource type, ancillary (G1)meta.code.classcharl_F1528Limit flag on F1528meta.code.errorcharF1528[0.2/1733]? GALEX FUV (1528{AA}) flux (f_{nu}_)uJyphot.flux;em.UVfloatnullablee_F1528[0.4/260]? F1528 uncertaintyuJystat.errorfloatnullablel_F2271Limit flag on F2271meta.code.errorcharF2271[0.4/2033]? GALEX NUV (2271{AA}) flux (f_{nu}_)uJyphot.flux;em.UVfloatnullablee_F2271[1/305]? F2271 uncertaintyuJystat.errorfloatnullableFHa[0.01/8.2]? H{alpha} flux in 10^-13^erg/s/cm^2^ units (1)1e-16W.m**-2phot.flux;em.line.Halphafloatnullablee_FHa[0.003/1.7]? FHa uncertainty1e-16W.m**-2stat.errorfloatnullableF24[0.3/2076]? Spitzer/MIPS 24um flux (f_{nu}_)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_F24[0.02/104]? F24 uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatnullablel_FHaLimit flag on FHameta.code.errorcharf_F24[a] Flag on F24 (2)meta.codechar