J/ApJS/247/20ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/247/20doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22470020CDSGao H.Ho L.C.Barth A.J.Li Z.-Y.2020-09-01T10:36:38Z2020-06-24T13:22:27ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesphotometrygalaxy-classification-systemssurveysWe study the statistical properties of 320 bulges of disk galaxies in the Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey, using robust structural parameters of galaxies derived from image fitting. We apply the Kormendy relation to classify classical and pseudo bulges and characterize the bulge dichotomy with respect to the structural properties of the bulges and the physical properties of the host galaxies. We confirm previous findings that pseudo bulges on average have smaller Sersic indices, lower bulge-to-total ratios, and fainter surface brightnesses than classical bulges. Our sizable sample statistically shows that pseudo bulges are more intrinsically flattened than classical bulges. Pseudo bulges are most frequent (incidence >~80%) in late-type spirals (later than Sc). Our measurements support the picture in which pseudo bulges arose from star formation induced by inflowing gas, while classical bulges were born out of violent processes such as mergers and coalescence of clumps. We reveal differences with the literature that warrant attention: (1) the bimodal distribution of Sersic indices presented by previous studies is not reproduced in our study; (2) classical and pseudo bulges have similar relative bulge sizes; and (3) the pseudo bulge fraction is considerably smaller in early-type disks than reported in previous studies based on one-dimensional surface brightness profile fitting. We attribute these differences to our improved image quality, more robust bulge-to-disk decomposition technique, and to the different classification criteria that we applied. Moreover, we find that barred galaxies do not host more pseudo bulges or more prominent pseudo bulges than unbarred galaxies. Various implications of these findings are discussed.2020ApJS..247...20Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/247/20CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/237 : HYPERLEDA. I. Catalog of galaxies (Paturel+, 2003)J/A+AS/118/557 : Near-IR photometry of 86 galaxies. II. (De Jong, 1996)J/A+A/415/63 : Surface brightness of 26 bright galaxies (Mollenhoff, 2004)J/A+A/423/849 : Spiral galaxies observed in the K band (Grosbol, 2004)J/AJ/129/2138 : Centers of early-type galaxies with HST (Lauer+, 2005)J/ApJ/633/174 : Spheroidals and bulge dominated galaxies (Treu+, 2005)J/A+A/445/765 : A Catalog of Edge-on Disk Galaxies (Kautsch+, 2006)J/ApJ/664/226 : Nuker law parameters of early-type galaxies (Lauer+, 2007)J/AJ/136/773 : Structure of classical bulges & pseudobulges (Fisher+, 2008)J/A+A/478/353 : Structural properties of disk galaxies (Mendez-Abreu+, 2008)J/A+A/488/1167 : Photometry of bulges at middle z (Dominguez-Palmero+, 2008)J/MNRAS/393/1531 : BUDDA structural properties of galaxies (Gadotti+, 2009)J/ApJS/182/216 : Surface photometry of Virgo ellipticals (Kormendy+, 2009)J/ApJ/716/942 : Bulges of nearby galaxies with Spitzer (Fisher+, 2010)J/MNRAS/405/1089 : Photometric scaling for L/S0 galaxies (Laurikainen+ 2010)J/MNRAS/414/888 : ATLAS3D project. III. (Emsellem+, 2011)J/ApJS/196/11 : Bulge+disk decompositions of SDSS galaxies (Simard+, 2011)J/ApJS/197/21 : The Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey (CGS). I. (Ho+, 2011)J/ApJS/197/22 : The Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey (GGS). II. (Li+, 2011)J/ApJ/788/L39 : AMIGA galaxies structural param. (Fernandez Lorenzo+, 2014)J/MNRAS/446/4039 : Stellar kinematics for NGC 2859 and NGC 4371 (Erwin+, 2015)J/ApJ/821/114 : The CGS. IV. Elliptical galaxies colors (Huang+, 2016)J/ApJ/845/87 : CGS. V. Statistical study of bars (Li+, 2017)J/A+A/598/A32 : 2D decomposition of CALIFA galaxies (Mendez-Abreu+, 2017)J/A+A/617/A113 : GalMer S0 remnants morphological data (Eliche-Moral+, 2018)J/ApJ/862/100 : Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey VII. S0 galaxies (Gao+, 2018)J/ApJS/244/34 : The CGS. VIII. R-band images of disk galaxies (Gao+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/247/20https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/247/20http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/247/20https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/247/20https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/247/20http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/247/20GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/247/20/table2 (Best-fit parameters of the Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey (CGS) ellipticals)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/247/20/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/247/20/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/247/20/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true300.8626083-55.94719440.0055555555555555566/16898 17472 17605 17606 22746 22826 23088 24733 24920 24951 25100 25383 25647 25762 25768 26117 33954 34533 34534 34535 34540 35055 35911 35928 36152 36153 36156 36172 36247 36621 36623 36632 36785 37266 37429 37560 38347 38621 38658 38693 38704 38842 38853 39858 39982 40252 40294 40321 40472 43214 43232 43503 43602 43626 43627 43630 43700 43828 43891 43941 44000 44247 44629 44812 44995 45636 45754 45821 46035 46164 46389 46568 46608 46618 47190 47253 47383 47386 47397 48160https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/247/20?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJS/247/20/table2Best-fit parameters of the Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey (CGS) ellipticalsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameGalaxy Namemeta.id;meta.maincharmue[18/22.6] Average effective surface brightness in R-band (1)mag.arcsec**-2phot.mag.sb;em.opt.Rfloate_mue[0.05/0.9] Uncertainty in muemag.arcsec**-2stat.errorfloatn[2.9/8]? Sersic index (1)stat.fit.paramfloatnullablee_n[0.08/0.7]? Uncertainty in nstat.errorfloatnullableReff[1.2/52.1] Effective radius (1)kpcphys.size.radiusfloate_Reff[0.06/22] Uncertainty in Reffkpcstat.errorfloatEll[0.019/0.53] Ellipticity (1)src.ellipticityfloate_Ell[0/0.002] Uncertainty in Ellstat.errorfloatpPapDisplay data from previous Papers (Ho+ 2011, J/ApJS/197/21 and Li+ 2011, J/ApJS/197/22)meta.ref.urlintnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharLEDAmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main