J/ApJS/247/16ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/247/16doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22470016CDSAcciari V.A.Ansoldi S.Antonelli L.A.Arbet Engels A.Asano K.,Baack D.Babic A.Banerjee B.Barres de Almeida U.Barrio J.A.,Becerra Gonzalez J.Bednarek W.Bellizzi L.Bernardini E.Berti A.,Besenrieder J.Bhattacharyya W.Bigongiari C.Biland A.Blanch O.,Bonnoli G.Bosnjak Z.Busetto G.Carosi R.Ceribella G.Cerruti M.,Chai Y.Chilingaryan A.Cikota S.Colak S.M.Colin U.Colombo E.,Contreras J.L.Cortina J.Covino S.D'Elia V.Da Vela P.Dazzi F.,De Angelis A.De Lotto B.Delfino M.Delgado J.Depaoli D.,Di Pierro F.Di Venere L.Do Souto Espineira E.Dominis Prester D.,Donini A.Dorner D.Doro M.Elsaesser D.Fallah Ramazani V.,Fattorini A.Ferrara G.Fidalgo D.Foffano L.Fonseca M.V.Font L.,Fruck C.Fukami S.Garcia Lopez R.J.Garczarczyk M.Gasparyan S.,Gaug M.Giglietto N.Giordano F.Godinovic N.Green D.Guberman D.,Hadasch D.Hahn A.Herrera J.Hoang J.Hrupec D.Hutten M.Inada T.,Inoue S.Ishio K.Iwamura Y.Jouvin L.Kerszberg D.Kubo H.,Kushida J.Lamastra A.Lelas D.Leone F.Lindfors E.Lombardi S.,Longo F.Lopez M.Lopez-Coto R.Lopez-Oramas A.Loporchio S.,Machado de Oliveira Fraga B.Maggio C.Majumdar P.Makariev M.,Mallamaci M.Maneva G.Manganaro M.Mannheim K.Maraschi L.,Mariotti M.Martinez M.Mazin D.Micanovic S.Miceli D.Minev M.,Miranda J.M.Mirzoyan R.Molina E.Moralejo A.Morcuende D.Moreno V.,Moretti E.Munar-Adrover P.Neustroev V.Nigro C.Nilsson K.Ninci D.,Nishijima K.Noda K.Nogues L.Nozaki S.Paiano S.Palatiello M.,Paneque D.Paoletti R.Paredes J.M.Penil P.Peresano M.Persic M.,Prada Moroni P.G.Prandini E.Puljak I.Rhode W.Ribo M.Rico J.,Righi C.Rugliancich A.Saha L.Sahakyan N.Saito T.Sakurai S.,Satalecka K.Schmidt K.Schweizer T.Sitarek J.Snidaric I.,Sobczynska D.Somero A.Stamerra A.Strom D.Strzys M.Suda Y.,Suric T.Takahashi M.Tavecchio F.Temnikov P.Terzic T.Teshima M.,Torres-Alba N.Tosti L.Vagelli V.van Scherpenberg J.Vanzo G.,Vazquez Acosta M.Vigorito C.F.Vitale V.Vovk I.Will M.Zaric D.,Arcaro C.Carosi A.D'Ammando F.Tombesi F.Lohfink A.2020-10-02T11:12:40Z2020-06-23T14:29:20ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frbl-lacertae-objectsgamma-ray-astronomyx-ray-sourcesredshiftedExtreme high-frequency-peaked BL Lac objects (EHBLs) are blazars that exhibit extremely energetic synchrotron emission. They also feature nonthermal gamma-ray emission whose peak lies in the very high-energy (VHE, E>100GeV) range, and in some sources exceeds 1TeV: this is the case for hard-TeV EHBLs such as 1ES 0229+200. With the aim of increasing the EHBL population, 10 targets were observed with the MAGIC telescopes from 2010 to 2017, for a total of 265hr of good-quality data. The data were complemented by coordinated Swift observations. The X-ray data analysis confirms that all but two sources are EHBLs. The sources show only a modest variability and a harder-when-brighter behavior, typical for this class of objects. At VHE gamma-rays, three new sources were detected and a hint of a signal was found for another new source. In each case, the intrinsic spectrum is compatible with the hypothesis of a hard-TeV nature of these EHBLs. The broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of all sources are built and modeled in the framework of a single-zone, purely leptonic model. The VHE gamma-ray-detected sources were also interpreted with a spine-layer model and a proton synchrotron model. The three models provide a good description of the SEDs. However, the resulting parameters differ substantially in the three scenarios, in particular the magnetization parameter. This work presents the first mini catalog of VHE gamma-ray and multiwavelength observations of EHBLs.2020ApJS..247...16Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/247/16CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/swift : Swift Master Catalog (HEASARC, 2004-)VIII/76 : Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI (Kalberla+ 2005)V/139 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 9 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2012)J/A+A/379/755 : Radio data of X- & gamma-ray blazars (Venturi+, 2001)J/A+A/436/799 : X- & gamma-ray fluxes of blazars (Fan, 2005)J/ApJ/626/95 : Gamma-ray blazar candidates (Sowards-Emmerd+, 2005)J/MNRAS/397/1177 : Swift-XRT observations of GRBs (Evans+, 2009)J/ApJ/709/1407 : SED of the Fermi blazars (Li+, 2010)J/ApJ/716/30 : SED of Fermi bright blazars (Abdo+, 2010)J/other/NewA/16.503 : 2MASS observation of BL Lac objects II. (Mao+, 2011)J/ApJ/761/125 : X & {gamma} spectral indexes of blazars (Fan+, 2012)J/A+A/541/A160 : Planck + X/{gamma} obs. of blazars (Giommi+, 2012)J/ApJS/207/16 : BL Lac candidates for TeV observations (Massaro+, 2013)J/ApJS/209/34 : The first Fermi-LAT >10GeV cat. (1FHL) (Ackermann+, 2013)J/ApJ/764/135 : Spectroscopic redshifts of BL Lac objects (Shaw+, 2013)J/ApJ/789/135 : Gamma-ray bright blazars spectrophot. (Williamson+, 2014)J/ApJS/218/23 : Fermi LAT third source catalog (3FGL) (Acero+, 2015)J/ApJS/222/5 : 2nd Fermi-LAT >50GeV catalog (2FHL) (Ackermann+, 2016)J/MNRAS/458/56 : TeV gamma-ray blazar X-ray studies (Wierzcholska+, 2016)J/AJ/151/142 : Five yrs of blazar obs. with VERITAS (Archambault+, 2016)J/ApJS/224/26 : SEDs of Roma BZCAT blazars (Mao+, 2016)J/ApJS/226/20 : X-ray, opt. & radio SEDs of Fermi blazars (Fan+, 2016)J/ApJS/232/18 : The third Fermi-LAT >10GeV catalog (3FHL) (Ajello+, 2017)J/ApJS/233/17 : Swift/BAT AGN spectrosc. survey. V. X-ray (Ricci+, 2017)J/A+A/598/A17 : The 2WHSP catalog (Chang+, 2017)J/A+A/608/A68 : TeV/non-TeV BL Lacs fluxes (Fallah Ramazani+, 2017)J/ApJ/864/84 : Swift follow-up obs. of TXS 0506+056 (Keivani+, 2018)J/ApJS/235/4 : 105-month Swift-BAT all-sky hard X-ray survey (Oh+, 2018)J/A+A/631/A150 : Softly X-raying the gamma-ray sky I. (Marchesini+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/247/16https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/247/16http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/247/16https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/247/16https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/247/16http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/247/16GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/247/16/magic (extreme high-frequency-peaked BL Lac objects (EHBLs) observed with the MAGIC telescopes (Table 1), results (Table 2) and main spectral parameters resulting from combining all Swift-XRT pointings during the MAGIC observation window (Table 8))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/247/16/magic?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/247/16/magic?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/247/16/magic?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true33.5751.750.0055555555555555566/615 2549 4255 6436 7233 10605 13098 15495 20016 20984 27063https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/247/16?format=asciiGamma-rayX-raydefaultJ/ApJS/247/16/fig1Spectral energy distributions (Data behind Figure 1)NameSource identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharEnergy[144.7/3774] EnergyGeVem.energydoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordinte_Energy[31.5/1210]? Lower Energy bin widthGeVstat.error;phys.energydoublenullableE_Energy[41/2489]? Upper Energy bin widthGeVstat.error;stat.maxdoublenullabledN/dE[2.4e-14/7.5e-11] Differential photon flux at EnergyTeV**-1.cm**-2.s**-1phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_dN/dELower uncertainty in dN/dETeV**-1.cm**-2.s**-1stat.errordoubleE_dN/dEUpper uncertainty in dN/dETeV**-1.cm**-2.s**-1stat.error;stat.maxdoubleStart[56035/57658] Modified Julian start date of observationdtime.start;obsintEnd[56066/58056] Modified Julian end date of observationdtime.end;obsintTexp[8.7/52.5] Exposure timehtime.duration;obs.exposurefloatCommComment (1)meta.notecharJ/ApJS/247/16/sedsBroadband SED and modeled spectra (data behind Figures 3, 4 and 10)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFigFigure number in the paper --in Figure 4: the four sources with no MAGIC detection or hints (but Fermi-LAT detection); in Figure 10: data for RBS 0921meta.bib.figcharNameSource identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharFreq[4.86e+14/9.13e+26] FrequencyHzem.freqdoublee_Freq? Lower 1{sigma} uncertainty limit in FreqHzstat.errordoublenullableE_Freq? Upper 1{sigma} uncertainty limit in FreqHzstat.error;stat.maxdoublenullablel_nufnuUpper limit flag on nufnumeta.code.errorcharnufnu[3.14e-13/2.66e-11] Differential photon flux at Freq; in units of erg/s/cm^2^mW.m**-2phot.flux.density;em.radiodoublee_nufnu? Lower 1{sigma} uncertainty limit in nufnumW.m**-2stat.errordoublenullableE_nufnu? Upper 1{sigma} uncertainty limit in nufnumW.m**-2stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullableStart[54682/57784]? Modified Julian start date of observationdtime.start;obsdoublenullableEnd[55648/58319]? Modified Julian end date of observationdtime.end;obsdoublenullableTexp[1506/423000]? Exposure timestime.duration;obs.exposureintnullableCommComment(s)meta.notecharJ/ApJS/247/16/magicextreme high-frequency-peaked BL Lac objects (EHBLs) observed with the MAGIC telescopes (Table 1), results (Table 2) and main spectral parameters resulting from combining all Swift-XRT pointings during the MAGIC observation window (Table 8)SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNxNumber of Swift-XRT measurements for this source (link to Table 7)meta.numberintnullableNameTarget namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryf_Name[f] f: reference source (1)meta.codecharRAJ2000Right ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainGLON[67.7/249.3] Galactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLAT[-42/65] Galactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latfloatz[0.049/0.3] Redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatr_z[a-e] Redshift reference (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharNH[0.1/4.4] Equivalent galactic hydrogen column density reported by Kalberla+ (2005, VIII/76)1e+21cm**-2phys.columnDensity;pos.galacticfloatlognuPk[16.6/18.5]? Synchrotron peak frequency reported by Chang+ (2017, J/A+A/598/A17)Hzem.freqfloatnullableSelSelection criteria (3)meta.codecharDateYear(s) of observationyrtime.epochcharExp[5.9/117.5] Effective exposure time after quality cutshmeta.code.qual;time.duration;obs.exposurefloatSigma[-0.9/9] Significance of the signal in {sigma}stat.fit.goodnessfloatEth[150/300] Assumed energy threshold for integral flux calculationGeVinstr.sensitivityintl_FluxLimit flag on Flux (4)meta.code.error;phot.fluxcharFlux[1.5/9.3] Flux measured above the energy threshold1e-12cm**-2.s**-1phot.flux.density;em.gamma.hardfloate_Flux[0.3/1.1]? Flux uncertainty1e-12cm**-2.s**-1stat.error;phot.fluxfloatnullablef_Flux[gh] Flag on Flux (5)meta.codecharl_LumLimit flag on Lum (4)meta.code.errorcharLum[0.6/68.5] VHE gamma-ray luminosity over 200GeV; in 10^43^erg/s units1e+36Wphys.luminosity;em.gammafloate_Lum[0.2/4.8]? Lum uncertainty1e+36Wstat.errorfloatnullableVHE?[YNH] Source detection status at very high-energy (E>100GeV) gamma-rays (6)meta.codecharn_Name[c] Note on Name (7)meta.notecharMJDSt[55641/57775] Start date of observationdtime.epochintMJDEnd[55649/58055] End date of observationdtime.epochintF2-10keV[1.5/45.5] Swift-XRT 2-10keV X-ray flux during MAGIC observation window1e-15W.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-rayfloate_F2-10keV[0.03/1.2] F2-10keV uncertainty1e-15W.m**-2stat.errorfloatGamma[1.4/2.2] Spectral indexspect.indexfloate_Gamma[0.02/0.2] Gamma uncertaintystat.errorfloatbeta[0.2/0.6]? Curvature parameter of the log-parabola modelstat.param;meta.modelledfloatnullablee_beta[0.04/0.2]? beta uncertaintystat.errorfloatnullablechi2[30.5/398] {chi}^2^ fitstat.fit.param;meta.modelledfloatdof[32/377] Degree of freedomstat.fit.dofintGamEq[1.9/2.4]? Equivalent spectral index when the log parabola is the best-fit modelspect.indexfloatnullablee_GamEq[0.05/0.3]? GamEq uncertaintystat.errorfloatnullableSEDSED interactive plotmeta.ref.urlcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJS/247/16/fermiMain spectral parameters resulting from the analysis of Swift-XRT and Fermi-LAT data (Table 4) and parameters from the 3FGL, 2FHL, and 3FHL catalogs (Table 6)NameTarget namemeta.id;meta.maincharMJDx[55648/57784] Swift-XRT observation datedtime.epochintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintn_Name[b] Note on name (1)meta.notecharF2-10keV[1.6/47.4] Swift-XRT X-ray flux in the 2-10keV energy range1e-15W.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-rayfloate_F2-10keV[0.1/1.4] Fxrt uncertainty1e-15W.m**-2stat.errorfloatGammaX[1.63/2.18] Spectral index of X-ray spectrumspect.indexfloate_GammaX[0.02/0.2] GammaX uncertaintystat.errorfloatchi2[9.5/171.2] Fit {chi}^2^stat.fit.param;meta.modelledfloatdof[14/172] Degree of freedomstat.fit.dofintMJDSt[54682/57388]? Fermi-LAT start date of observationdtime.epochintnullableMJDEnd[56292/58318]? Fermi-LAT end date of observationdtime.epochintnullableF1-300GeV[1.4/6.7]? Fermi-LAT gamma-ray flux in the range of 1-300GeV1e-10cm**-2.s**-1phot.flux.density;em.gamma.hardfloatnullablee_F1-300GeV[0.6/1.7]? Ffermi uncertainty1e-10cm**-2.s**-1stat.errorfloatnullableGammaR[1.4/2]? Spectral index of the HE gamma-ray spectrumspect.indexfloatnullablee_GammaR[0.2/0.2]? GammaR uncertaintystat.errorfloatnullableTS[23/94] Likelihood test statistics (TS) of the fitted model (2)stat.likelihoodintF1-100GeV[1.8/6.6]? 3FGL gamma-ray flux in 1-100 GeV energy range1e-10ph.cm**-2.s**-1phot.flux.density;em.gamma.hardfloatnullablee_F1-100GeV[0.1/1]? F3FGL uncertainty1e-10ph.cm**-2.s**-1stat.errorfloatnullableGam3FGL[1.4/2.1]? Spectral index for the power-law fit in 100MeV-100GeVspect.indexfloatnullablee_Gam3FGL[0.08/0.3]? Gam3FGL uncertaintystat.errorfloatnullableSig[5.1/16.7]? the detection significance reported by 3FGL (Acero+ 2015, J/ApJS/218/23)stat.fit.goodness;instr.saturationfloatnullableGam3FHL[1.5/2.1]? Spectral index for the power-law fit >10GeV reported in 3FHL (Ajello+ 2017, J/ApJS/232/18)spect.indexfloatnullablee_Gam3FHL[0.1/0.4]? Gam3FHL uncertaintystat.errorfloatnullableGam2FHL[1.09/3.6]? Spectral index for the power-law fit >50GeV reported in 2FHL (Ackermann+ 2016, J/ApJS/222/5)spect.indexfloatnullablee_Gam2FHL[0.4/1.4]? Gam2FHL uncertaintystat.errorfloatnullableJ/ApJS/247/16/table7The Swift-XRT results for the 11 sourcesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharMJDModified Julian Date of observationdtime.epochdoubleobsidObservation identifiermeta.id;obs.param;obsExp[48/6905] Exposure timestime.duration;obs.exposureintGammaPL[1.3/2.4]? Spectral index of power law-model (1)spect.indexfloatnullablee_GammaPL[0.02/0.3]? Uncertainty in GammaPLstat.errorfloatnullablechi2PL[0.3/172]? Power law-model {chi}^2^stat.fit.chi2floatnullabledofPL[2/172]? Power law-model Degrees of Freedomstat.fit.dofintnullableGammaLP[1.3/2.1]? Spectral index of log-parabola model (1)spect.indexfloatnullablee_GammaLP[0.05/0.2]? Uncertainty in GammaLPstat.errorfloatnullablebetaLP[0.2/1]? Curvature parameter of fitted log-parabola modelstat.paramfloatnullablee_betaLP[0.09/0.3]? Uncertainty in betaLPstat.errorfloatnullablechi2LP[7.5/109]? log-parabola model {chi}^2^stat.fit.chi2floatnullabledofLP[18/114]? log-parabola model Degrees of Freedomstat.fit.dofintnullableProbNull-hypotheses of probability of F-test (2)%statfloatF2-10[1.5/85] X-ray 2-10 keV flux density (3)1e-15W.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-rayfloate_F2-10[0.1/14] Uncertainty in F2-10 (3)1e-15W.m**-2stat.errorfloatF0.3-10[2.8/140] X-ray 0.3-10 keV flux density (3)1e-15W.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-rayfloate_F0.3-10[0.1/13] Uncertainty in F0.3-10 (3)1e-15W.m**-2stat.errorfloat