J/ApJS/246/11ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/246/11doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22460011CDSFeng F.Butler R.P.Shectman S.A.Crane J.D.Vogt S.Chambers J.,Jones H.R.A.Wang S.X.Teske J.K.Burt J.Diaz M.R.Thompson I.B.2021-09-09T09:35:18Z2020-11-27T12:06:00ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frradial-velocityspectroscopym-starsZechmeister et al. (2009, J/A+A/505/859) surveyed 38 nearby M dwarfs from 2000 to 2007 March with VLT2 and the Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES) spectrometer. These data have recently been reanalyzed, yielding a significant improvement in the Doppler velocity precision. Spurred by this, we have combined the UVES data with velocity sets from High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher, Magellan/Planet Finder Spectrograph, and Keck/High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer. Sixteen planet candidates have been uncovered orbiting nine M dwarfs. Five of them are new planets corresponding to radial velocity signals, which are not sensitive to the choice of noise models and are identified in multiple data sets over various time spans. Eight candidate planets require additional observation to be confirmed. We also confirm three previously reported planets. Among the new planets, GJ 180 d and GJ 229A c are super-Earths located in the conservative habitable zones of their host stars. We investigate their dynamical stability using the Monte Carlo approach and find both planetary orbits are robust to the gravitational perturbations of the companion planets. Due to their proximity to the Sun, the angular separation between the host stars and the potentially habitable planets in these two systems is 25 and 59 mas, respectively. They are thus good candidates for future direct imaging by James Webb Space Telescope and E-ELT. In addition, we find GJ 433 c, a cold super-Neptune belonging to an unexplored population of Neptune-like planets. With a separation of 0.5" from its host star, GJ 433 c is probably the first realistic candidate for the direct imaging of cold Neptunes. A comprehensive survey of these planets is important for the studies of planet formation.2020ApJS..246...11Fhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/246/11CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/634/625 : Radial velocities and photometry of GJ 876 (Rivera+, 2005)J/ApJ/646/505 : Catalog of nearby exoplanets (Butler+, 2006)J/A+A/505/859 : M dwarfs radial velocities (Zechmeister+, 2009)J/ApJ/723/954 : HIRES radial velocities of GJ 581 (Vogt+, 2010)J/A+A/534/A58 : HD20794, HD85512, HD192310 HARPS RVs (Pepe+, 2011)J/ApJS/200/15 : HARPS-TERRA project. I. (Anglada-Escude+, 2012)J/A+A/551/A79 : RV periodic variations in {tau} Ceti (Tuomi+, 2013)J/A+A/602/A88 : 5 M dwarfs radial velocity curves (Astudillo-Defru+, 2017)J/AJ/153/208 : LCES HIRES/Keck RV Exoplanet Survey (Butler+, 2017)J/A+A/605/A72 : Planetary systems AMD-stability (Laskar+, 2017)J/other/Nat/563.365 : Barnard's star radial velocity curve (Ribas+, 2018)J/AJ/158/251 : New reduction of UVES data for 35 M dwarfs (Butler+, 2019)J/A+A/625/A68 : Radii and masses of the CARMENES targets (Schweitzer+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/246/11https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/246/11http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/246/11https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/246/11https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/246/11http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/246/11GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/246/11/table1 (Stellar parameters and radial velocity (RV) data sets for stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/246/11/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/246/11/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/246/11/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true9.9951014-44.25321720.0055555555555555566/16635 20896 21171 22626 24713 34924 35388 36174 37942 42314 42982 47337https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/246/11?format=asciidefaultJ/ApJS/246/11/table1Stellar parameters and radial velocity (RV) data sets for starsVmag[8.14/12.5] V magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameMain name of the starmeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryONameOther name(s) (1)meta.idcharSpTMK spectral type (1)src.spTypecharMass[0.27/0.69] Mass (1)solMassphys.massfloatNuves[5/167] Number of UVES RV pointsmeta.numberintNkeck[0/64] Number of Keck RV pointsmeta.numberintNHarps1[3/124] Number of HARPSpre RV pointsmeta.numberintNHarps2[0/76] Number of HARPSpost RV pointsmeta.numberintNpsf1[0/49] Number of PSFpre RV pointsmeta.numberintNpsf2[0/4] Number of PSFpost RV pointsmeta.numberintB17Display data from Butler+, 2017, J/AJ/153/208, within 3"meta.ref.urlintnullableNrvNumber of RV measurements for this star (link to fig1 table)meta.numberintnullableVPInteractive Plotmeta.ref.urlcharB19Display data from Butler+, 2019, J/AJ/158/251, within 3"meta.ref.urlcharZ09Display data from Zechmeister+, 2009, J/A+A/505/859, within 3"meta.ref.urlcharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJS/246/11/fig1Doppler velocity data sets of VLT/UVES, Keck/HIRES, ESO/HARPS and Magellan/PFS for the 12 stars reported here (Data behind Figure 1)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharJDTruncated Julian date; JD-2450000dtime.epochdoubleRVrel[-39.1/37.4] Radial velocitym/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RVrel[0.3/13.1] Uncertainty in RVrelm/sstat.errorfloatInstInstrument namemeta.id;instrchar