J/ApJS/244/30ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/244/30doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22440030CDSMa J.Cooray A.Nayyeri H.Brown A.Ghotbi N.Ivison R.Oteo I.,Duivenvoorden S.Greenslade J.Clements D.Wardlow J.Battisti A.,da Cunha E.Ashby M.L.N.Perez-Fournon I.Riechers D.Oliver S.,Eales S.Negrello M.Dye S.Dunne L.Omont A.Scott D.Cox P.,Serjeant S.Maddox S.Valiante E.2022-07-25T09:44:36Z2020-04-15T10:10:25ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesinfrared-sourcesredshiftedgravitational-lensinginterferometryinfrared-photometrymillimeter-astronomysubmillimeter-astronomyThe largest Herschel extragalactic surveys, H-ATLAS and HerMES, have selected a sample of "ultrared" dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) with rising SPIRE flux densities (S_500_>S_350_>S_250_; the so-called "500{mu}m risers") as an efficient way for identifying DSFGs at higher redshift (z>4). In this paper, we present a large Spitzer follow-up program of 300 Herschel ultrared DSFGs. We have obtained high-resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, Northern Extended Millimeter Array, and SMA data for 63 of them, which allow us to securely identify the Spitzer/IRAC counterparts and classify them as gravitationally lensed or unlensed. Within the 63 ultrared sources with high-resolution data, ~65% appear to be unlensed and ~27% are resolved into multiple components. We focus on analyzing the unlensed sample by directly performing multiwavelength spectral energy distribution modeling to derive their physical properties and compare with the more numerous z~2 DSFG population. The ultrared sample has a median redshift of 3.3, stellar mass of 3.7x10^11^M_{sun}_, star formation rate (SFR) of 730M_{sun}_/yr, total dust luminosity of 9.0x10^12^L_{sun}_, dust mass of 2.8x10^9^M_{sun}_, and V-band extinction of 4.0, which are all higher than those of the ALESS DSFGs. Based on the space density, SFR density, and stellar mass density estimates, we conclude that our ultrared sample cannot account for the majority of the star-forming progenitors of the massive, quiescent galaxies found in infrared surveys. Our sample contains the rarer, intrinsically most dusty, luminous, and massive galaxies in the early universe that will help us understand the physical drivers of extreme star formation.2019ApJS..244...30Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/244/30CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/329 : VIKING catalogue data release 1 (Edge+, 2013)II/343 : VIKING catalogue data release 2 (Edge+, 2016)VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)VIII/103 : Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (Oliver+, 2012)VIII/95 : Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (Oliver+, 2012)V/147 : The SDSS Photometric Catalogue, Release 12 (Alam+, 2015)J/ApJ/622/772 : Redshift survey of submillimeter galaxies (Chapman+, 2005)J/MNRAS/380/199 : SCUBA Half-Degree Extragalactic Survey. III (Ivison+, 2007)J/MNRAS/401/1521 : Stellar masses of Lyman break gal. at z~3 (Magdis+, 2010)J/ApJ/719/763 : Millimeter-wave sources in the SPT survey (Vieira+, 2010)J/MNRAS/411/505 : Sub-mm observations in Extended Chandra DFS (Chapin+, 2011)J/ApJ/731/100 : 148GHz ACT extragalactic sources catalog (Marriage+, 2011)J/ApJ/749/65 : H-ATLAS strongly lensed galaxies (Gonzalez-Nuevo+, 2012)J/ApJ/761/140 : Spectroscopy of Herschel-SPIRE galaxies (Casey+, 2012)J/A+A/559/A29 : BR 1202-0725 system in [CII] line (Carniani+, 2013)J/ApJ/768/91 : ALMA observations of LESS submm galaxies (Hodge+, 2013)J/ApJ/779/61 : SPT-SZ point sources at 95, 150 & 220GHz (Mocanu+, 2013)J/ApJ/777/18 : Stellar mass functions of galaxies to z=4 (Muzzin+, 2013)J/MNRAS/439/1556 : ACT high significance 148 & 218GHz sources (Marsden+, 2014)J/ApJ/788/125 : An ALMA survey of ECDFS submm galaxies (Simpson+, 2014)J/ApJ/806/110 : ALESS survey: SMGs in the ECDF-S data (da Cunha+, 2015)J/MNRAS/462/1989 : HerMES Large Mode Survey catalogue (Asboth+, 2016)J/A+A/594/A26 : 2nd Planck Cat. of Compact Sources (PCCS2) (Planck+, 2016)J/MNRAS/462/3146 : Herschel-ATLAS DR1 (HATLAS) (Valiante+, 2016)J/ApJ/832/78 : SCUBA-2 & LABOCA obs. of HATLAS galaxies (Ivison+, 2016)J/ApJ/840/78 : z survey of ALMA-identified SMGs in ECDFS (Danielson+, 2017)J/A+A/614/A33 : 500{mu}m-risers sources (Donevski+, 2018)J/ApJS/236/30 : Herschel-ATLAS (H-ATLAS) DR2 (Maddox+, 2018)J/MNRAS/477/1099 : SCUBA-2 850um obs. of Herschel gal. (Duivenvoorden+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/244/30https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/244/30http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/244/30https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/244/30https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/244/30http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/244/30GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/244/30/table1 (Catalog of Herschel-selected ultrared sources)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/244/30/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/244/30/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/244/30/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true134.050417-0.8227780.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/244/30/table2 (High-resolution followed up with ALMA, NOEMA, and SMA)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/244/30/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/244/30/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/244/30/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true134.0511748-0.82309030.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/244/30/table3 (Spectroscopically confirmed Herschel-selected ultrared dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) at z>=~4.)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/244/30/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/244/30/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/244/30/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true132.4041670.2486110.0055555555555555565/4528 6/4096 4101 4106 6065 7242 10187 10191 10209 10254 10260 10265-10266 10270 10274 10280 10282 10287 10293-10294 10296 10341 10347 10350-10351 10368-10370 10382 10387 10389 10412 10414 10421 10433 10435 10438 10440 10445-10446 10448-10449 10466 10468 16406 16410 16412 16435 16438-16439 16445 16448 16451 16456 16467 16473 16475 16479-16481 16489 16517 17278 17303 17335 17341-17343 17346-17347 17354 17356 17359 17365 17367 17370-17371 17375 17377-17381 17386 17391-17392 17395 17401 17404-17405 17965 17978-17979 17998 18020 18022-18023 18025-18027 18039 18043 18047 18055 18060-18061 18063 18068 18070-18071 18075-18078 18092 18099 18101-18104 18107-18109 18117 18119-18121 18124-18125 18128 18130 18133 18135 18139 18142-18144 18146 18150 18161 18163-18164 18166 18705-18707 18710 18712-18713 18715 18718-18719 18741 18743 18752-18754 18756 18761-18762 18764-18765 18768 18777-18778 18788-18789 18791 18797 18805 19457-19458 19460 19462 19465 19474 19479 19481 19483 19485 19520 21843 21848 21850 21852 21874 21878 25593 25915 25919 25931-25933 25945 25950-25951 25953 25961-25962 25965 25967 25970 25972 26001 26005-26006 26053 26290 26950 26961 26964 26968 26971 26980 27299 27308 27311-27312 27322 27656 28030 28112 28121 28124 28127 33944 35570 35580 35582 35638 35729 35743 35769 40951 40957-40958 46575 46584 46590 46878 46898 46907-46908 46918 46930 46946 46949 46953-46954 46996 470402.283270615984385e-22 6.185923063528282e-20https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/244/30?format=asciiInfraredMillimeterdefaultJ/ApJS/244/30/table1Catalog of Herschel-selected ultrared sourcesSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharSurvey[HATLAS/HerMES] "HATLAS" or "HerMES" survey (G1)meta.notecharNameHerschel source name (JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS)meta.id;meta.maincharHRDisplay the high-resolution data (link to Table 2)meta.ref.urlintnullableIDNickname or short name (G2)meta.idcharprimarySpSpectroscopically confirmed ultrared dusty star-forming galaxy (link to Table 3)meta.ref.urlintnullablez[2.7/9] Redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatn_zp=photometric or s=spectroscopic (1)meta.notecharLensedLensed? (2)meta.codecharRAIdeg? Right Ascension, Spitzer/IRAC counterpart (J2000)degpos.eq.ranullableDEIdeg? Declination, Spitzer/IRAC counterpart (J2000)degpos.eq.decnullable3.6mag[14.9/24] Kron-like elliptical aperture AB magnitude at 3.6um (MAG_AUTO3.6um)magphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloate_3.6mag[0.02/2]? 3.6mag uncertainty (MAGERR_AUTO3.6um)magstat.errorfloatnullable4.5mag[15/24] Kron-like elliptical aperture AB magnitude at 4.5um (MAG_AUTO4.5um)magphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloate_4.5mag[0.02/2]? 4.5mag uncertainty (MAGERR_AUTO4.5um)magstat.errorfloatnullableS3.6um[8.8e-7/0.004] Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um flux densityJyphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umdoublee_S3.6um[1.5e-6/8.2e-5]? S3.6um uncertaintyJystat.errordoublenullableS4.5um[9.8e-7/0.004] Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um flux densityJyphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umdoublee_S4.5um[1.7e-6/8.7e-5]? S4.5um uncertaintyJystat.errordoublenullableRAHdeg? Herschel/SPIRE Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ranullableDEHdeg? Herschel/SPIRE Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.decnullableS250um[-0.008/0.2] Herschel/SPIRE 250um flux densityJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublee_S250um[0.004/0.01] S250um uncertaintyJystat.errordoubleS350um[0.008/0.2] Herschel/SPIRE 350um flux densityJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublee_S350um[0.005/0.02] S350um uncertaintyJystat.errordoubleS500um[0.02/0.2] Herschel/SPIRE 500um flux densityJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.400-750GHzdoublee_S500um[0.006/0.08] S500um uncertaintyJystat.errordoubleRASdeg? SCUBA2 Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ranullableDESdeg? SCUBA2 Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.decnullableS850um[0.001/0.09]? SCUBA2/LABOCA 850/870um flux densityJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzdoublenullablee_S850um[0.001/0.02]? S850um uncertaintyJystat.errordoublenullableHCatDisplay data from HerLMS (Asboth+, 2016, J/MNRAS/462/1989), HATLAS (Valiante+, 2016, J/MNRAS/462/3146 ; Ivison+, 2016, J/ApJ/832/78 and Maddox+, 2018, J/ApJS/236/30) and Duivenvoorden+, 2018, J/MNRAS/477/1099 within 3"meta.ref.urlintnullable_RAPositions from Herschel IAU names (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from Herschel IAU names (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJS/244/30/table2High-resolution followed up with ALMA, NOEMA, and SMAIDNickname or short name (G2)meta.id;meta.maincharDEJ2000Spitzer/IRAC counterpart declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main3.6mag[14.9/23] Kron-like elliptical aperture AB magnitude at 3.6um (MAG_AUTO3.6um)magphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintm_IDMultiple IDmeta.code.multipcharHR[1/3] High-resolution data (Highres_data) (2)meta.codeintLensedLensed? (3)meta.codecharRAJ2000Spitzer/IRAC counterpart right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.maine_3.6mag[0.02/1.1]? 3.6mag uncertainty (MAGERR_AUTO3.6um)magstat.errorfloatnullable4.5mag[15.5/23] Kron-like elliptical aperture AB magnitude at 4.5um (MAG_AUTO4.5um)magphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloate_4.5mag[0.03/1.1]? 4.5mag uncertainty (MAGERR_AUTO4.5um)magstat.errorfloatnullableS3.6um[2.5e-6/0.004] Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um flux densityJyphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umdoublee_S3.6um[/9.2e-5]? S3.6um uncertaintyJystat.errordoublenullableS4.5um[2.4e-6/0.003] Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um flux densityJyphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umdoublee_S4.5um[/7.2e-5]? S4.5um uncertaintyJystat.errordoublenullableS250um[0.003/0.2] Herschel/SPIRE 250um flux densityJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublee_S250um[0.002/0.02] S250um uncertaintyJystat.errordoubleS350um[0.002/0.2] Herschel/SPIRE 350um flux densityJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublee_S350um[0.001/0.02] S350um uncertaintyJystat.errordoubleS500um[0.002/0.2] Herschel/SPIRE 500um flux densityJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.400-750GHzdoublee_S500um[0.002/0.03] S500um uncertaintyJystat.errordoubleS850um[/0.09]? SCUBA2/LABOCA 850/870um flux densityJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzdoublenullablee_S850um[/0.009]? S850um uncertaintyJystat.errordoublenullableJ/ApJS/244/30/table3Spectroscopically confirmed Herschel-selected ultrared dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) at z>=~4.SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablezspec[3.79/6.4] Spectroscopic Redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatLIR[2/11]? Total IR Luminosity1e+13solLumphys.luminosity;em.IRfloatnullableLensedLensed?meta.codecharRefReference(s) (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharHCatDisplay data from HerLMS (Asboth+, 2016, J/MNRAS/462/1989), HATLAS (Valiante+, 2016, J/MNRAS/462/3146 ; Ivison+, 2016, J/ApJ/832/78 and Maddox+, 2018, J/ApJS/236/30) and Duivenvoorden+, 2018, J/MNRAS/477/1099 within 3"meta.ref.urlintnullableNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from Herschel IAU names (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameHerschel source name (JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS)meta.id;meta.maincharIDNickname or short name (G2)meta.idchar_DEPositions from Herschel IAU names (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSurvey[HATLAS/HerMES/HLS ] "HATLAS", "HerMES" or "HLS" survey (G1)meta.notecharJ/ApJS/244/30/table4Unlensed sampleS350um[2.7/87.6] Deblended Herschel/SPIRE 350um flux density (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDNickname or short name (G2)meta.id;meta.maincharnLUnlensed source (link to Tables 4 and 5)meta.ref.urlintnullablem_IDMultiple IDmeta.code.multipcharzFIR[2.8/4.9]? FIR photometric redshift or spectroscopic redshift (1)src.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablen_zFIRp: photometric redshift (1)meta.notecharE_zFIR[0.06/0.8]? Upper uncertainty on zFIRstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_zFIR[0.1/0.8]? Lower uncertainty on zFIRstat.errorfloatnullablezMAGPHYS[1.8/5.6] MAGPHYS derived redshift (2)src.redshift.photfloatE_zMAGPHYS[0.7/1.7] Upper uncertainty on zMAGPHYSstat.error;stat.maxfloate_zMAGPHYS[0.5/1.6] Lower uncertainty on zMAGPHYSstat.errorfloatl_S3.6um3 sigma upper limit flag on S3.6meta.code.errorcharS3.6um[2.5/76] Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um flux densityuJyphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloate_S3.6um[2/13.3]? S3.6um uncertaintyuJystat.errorfloatnullablel_S4.5um3 sigma upper limit flag on S4.5meta.code.errorcharS4.5um[2.4/69.6] Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um flux densityuJyphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloate_S4.5um[1.5/12.7]? S4.5um uncertaintyuJystat.errorfloatnullableS250um[3/55.4] Deblended Herschel/SPIRE 250um flux density (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzfloate_S250um[2.3/11.3] S250um uncertaintymJystat.errorfloate_S350um[2.5/15] S350 uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatS500um[5.2/97.2] Deblended Herschel/SPIRE 500um flux density 500um (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.400-750GHzfloate_S500um[1/22.3] S500um uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatS850um[1.2/64.1]? Deblended SCUBA2 850um flux density (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatnullablee_S850um[0.2/11]? S850um uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatnullableS870um[0.8/47.7]? ALMA 870um flux density (4)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatnullablee_S870um[0.1/3.1]? S870um uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatnullableJ/ApJS/244/30/table5Properties of the Herschel unlensed derived from magphys+photo-z SED fittingm_IDMultiple IDmeta.code.multipcharb_Av[0.5/5.5] 16th percentile, V-band extinction (2)magphys.absorptionfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintb_zphot[0/3.8] log, 16th percentile, photometric redshift (2)src.redshift.photfloatzphot[1.9/5.1] log, median photometric redshift (2)src.redshiftfloatB_zphot[0/6.5] log, 84th percentile, photometric redshift (2)src.redshift.photfloatb_logM*[10.3/11.6] log, 16th percentile, stellar mass (2)log(solMass)phys.massfloatlogM*[10.7/12] log, median stellar mass (2)log(solMass)phys.massfloatB_logM*[11/12.3] log, 84th percentile, stellar mass (2)log(solMass)phys.massfloatb_logSFR[1/3.3] log, 16th percentile, current SFR (2)(3)log(solMass.yr**-1)phys.SFRfloatlogSFR[1.7/3.4] log, median current star formation rate (2)(3)log(solMass.yr**-1)phys.SFR;stat.medianfloatB_logSFR[2.2/3.7] log, 84th percentile, current SFR (2)(3)log(solMass.yr**-1)phys.SFRfloatb_logsSFR[-10/-8.6] log, 16th percentile, specific SFR (2)log(yr**-1)phys.SFRfloatlogsSFR[-9.2/-8.3] log, median specific star formation rate (2)log(yr**-1)phys.SFR;stat.medianfloatB_logsSFR[-8.6/-7.9] log, 84th percentile, specific SFR (2)log(yr**-1)phys.SFRfloatb_logAge[7.9/8.5] log, 16th percentile, age (2)log(yr)time.agefloatlogAge[8.3/9] log, median mass-weighted stellar population age (2)log(yr)time.age;stat.medianfloatB_logAge[8.5/9.3] log, 84th percentile, age (2)log(yr)time.agefloatb_logM*/LH[-0.4/0.5] log, 16th percentile, mass-luminosity ratio (2)log(solMass.solLum**-1)arith.zp;arith.ratiofloatlogM*/LH[-0.2/1] log, median stellar mass to H-band luminosity ratio (2)log(solMass.solLum**-1)phys.composition.massLightRatiofloatB_logM*/LH[0.1/1.6] log, 84th percentile, mass-luminosity ratio (2)log(solMass.solLum**-1)arith.zp;arith.ratiofloatAv[1/7.5] median V-band extinction (2)magphys.absorption;stat.medianfloatB_Av[1.7/10] 84th percentile, V-band extinction (2)magphys.absorptionfloatb_logLdust[11.4/13.4] log, 16th percentile, dust luminosity (2)log(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatlogLdust[11.9/13.5] log, median total dust luminosity = IR luminosity (2)log(solLum)phys.luminosity;em.IRfloatB_logLdust[12.3/13.7] log, 84th percentile, dust luminosity (2)log(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatb_Tdust[27.9/37] 16th percentile, dust temperature (2)Kphys.temperaturefloatTdust[32.5/46] median luminosity-weighted dust temperature (2)Kphys.temperaturefloatB_Tdust[41.4/56.5] 84th percentile, dust temperature (2)Kphys.temperaturefloatb_logMdust[7.5/10] log, 16th percentile, dust mass (2)log(solMass)phys.massfloatlogMdust[8.1/10] log, median dust mass (2)log(solMass)phys.mass;stat.medianfloatB_logMdust[8.5/10.1] log, 84th percentile, dust mass (2)log(solMass)phys.massfloatIDNickname or short name (G2)meta.id;meta.mainchar