J/ApJS/243/28ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/243/28doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22430028CDSLu H.-P.Zhang L.-Y.Shi J.Han X.L.Fan D.Long L.Pi Q.2020-04-20T13:32:37Z2020-02-10T13:06:47ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frm-starsstellar-spectral-typesstellar-flaresline-intensitiesinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomybroad-band-photometryWe performed a statistical study of magnetic activities of M-type stars by combining the spectra of LAMOST DR5 with light curves from the Kepler and K2 missions. We mainly want to study the relationship between chromospheric activity and flares, and their relations of magnetic activity and rotation period. We have obtained the maximum catalog of 516688 M-type stellar spectra of 480912 M stars from LAMOST-DR5 and calculated their equivalent widths of chromospheric activity indicators (H{alpha}, H{beta}, H{gamma}, H{delta}, CaII H&K, and HeI D3). Using the H{alpha} indicator, 40464 spectra of 38417 M stars show chromospheric activity, and 1791 of these 5499 M-type stars with repeated observations have H{alpha} variability. We used an automatic detection plus visual inspection method to detect 17432 flares on 8964 M-type stars from the catalog by cross-matching LAMOST DR5 and the Kepler and K2 databases. We used the Lomb-Scargle method to calculate their rotation periods. We find that the flare frequency is consistent with the ratio of activities of these chromospheric activity indicators as a function of spectral type in M0-M3. We find the equivalent widths of H{alpha} and CaII H have a significant statistical correlation with the flare amplitude in M-type stars. We confirm that the stellar flare is affected by both the stellar magnetic activity and the rotation period. Finally, using the H{alpha} equivalent width equal to 0.75{AA} and using the rotation period equal to 10 days as the threshold for the M-type stellar flare time frequency are almost equivalent.2019ApJS..243...28Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/243/28CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIII/159 : Ca II H and K Measurements Made at MWO (Duncan+ 1991)II/294 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 7 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2009)V/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)V/146 : LAMOST DR1 catalogs (Luo+, 2015)IV/34 : K2 Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) (Huber+, 2017)V/164 : LAMOST DR5 catalogs (Luo+, 2019)J/AJ/128/426 : Subdwarfs in the SDSS (West+, 2004)J/AJ/134/2398 : Stellar SEDs in SDSS and 2MASS filters (Covey+, 2007)J/AJ/135/785 : SDSS-DR5 low-mass star spectroscopic sample (West+, 2008)J/AJ/141/50 : White-light flares on cool Kepler stars (Walkowicz+, 2011)J/AJ/141/97 : SDSS DR7 M dwarfs (West+, 2011)J/other/Nat/485.478 : Superflares on solar-type stars (Maehara+, 2012)J/ApJS/209/5 : Superflares of Kepler stars. I. (Shibayama+, 2013)J/ApJS/211/2 : Revised properties of Q1-16 Kepler targets (Huber+, 2014)J/ApJS/220/19 : LAMOST obs. in the Kepler field. I. (De Cat+, 2015)J/ApJS/224/2 : K2 EPIC stellar properties for 138600 targets (Huber+, 2016)J/ApJS/232/26 : Catalog of Kepler flare stars (Van Doorsselaere+, 2017)J/ApJ/849/36 : Flaring activity of M dwarfs in the Kepler field (Yang+, 2017)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/243/28https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/243/28http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/243/28https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/243/28https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/243/28http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/243/28GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/243/28/mtypecat (M-type stellar spectral parameters in LAMOST DR5 and EWs of the special lines (Tables 1 and 3))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/243/28/mtypecat?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/243/28/mtypecat?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/243/28/mtypecat?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true15.605791728.71863890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/243/28/table6 (Parameters of 8964 M-type stars (observed by LAMOST and Kepler))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/243/28/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/243/28/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/243/28/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true293.964166741.31880560.0055555555555555562/4 19 22 24 26 35 93 95 3/0 2 7 12 13 21 23 27 33 34 35 38 40 41 42 67 71 72 73 74 80 81 82 84 92 94 101 108 110 112 113 132 134 135 137 138 139 145 146 153 161 162 163 164 166 168 171 277 295 297 299 303 304 311 317 319 341 343 350 351 363 367 369 370 371 377 378 379 406 415 421 425 426 428 430 432 436 445 4/4 13 16 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31973 31976 31990 31991 31992 31994 31997 31999 32034 32035 32041 32042 32043 32054 32060 32061 32063 32097 32098 32104 32105 32107 32108 32128 32129 32130 32134 32135 32136 32139 32140 32141 32143 32148 32149 32151 32157 32164 32166 32167 32192 32199 32200 32212 32214 32215 32218 32221 32222 32225 32234 32235 32242 32245 32250 32251 32255 32261 32262 32263 32264 32265 32266 32269 32270 32271 32280 32282 32309 32310 32311 32336 32338 32339 32341 32342 32343 32361 32362 32364 32365 32367 32376 32378 32379 32380 32383 32392 32393 32394 32396 32400 32402 32403 32416 32418 32419 32423 32424 32426 32428 32429 32432 32433 32435 32443 32447 32485 32486 32487 32489 32490 32491 32524 32525 32526 32529 32531 32538 32540 32541 32543 32558 32559 32562 32568 32570 32571 32583 32584 32589 32596 32597 32598 32600 32601 32602 32605 32606 32607 32611 32616 32625 32628 32637 32639 32652 32654 32655 32656 32660 32662 32665 32667 32672 32673 32676 32682 32683 32697 32699 32711 32725 32726 32727 32744 32746 32747 32749 32760 32761 32763 36711 36722 36723 36765 36783 36794 36832 36833 36836 36839 36842 36843 36849 36850 36851 40859 40888 40889 40891 40903 40905 40908 40910 40915 40921 40922 40923 40928 40930 40931 40932 40934 40935 40945 40946 44979 44982 44984 44986 44987 45019 48981 48983 48998 48999 49008 49010 49011 49013 49014 49112 49116 49117 49119 49141https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/243/28?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJS/243/28/mtypecatM-type stellar spectral parameters in LAMOST DR5 and EWs of the special lines (Tables 1 and 3)ActHaActivity criteria, Ha (G1)meta.codecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintLAMOSTLAMOST spectral name (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryrmag[7.6/32.2]? r band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullableimag[5.3/32.3]? i band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablezmag[9.6/31.2]? z band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.IfloatnullableExp[500/9000]? Spectral exposure timestime.duration;obs.exposuredoublenullableDateStarting exposure time of spectrum, ISO 8601 combinedstime.start;obs.exposurenullableSpTSpectral typesrc.spTypecharSNR-R[0/999] Spectrum Signal to noise ratio in the R bandstat.snrfloatVarHalpha variability for this star (link to Table 5)meta.ref.urlcharKDisplay the Kepler data for this star if any (link to Table 6)meta.ref.urlintnullablem_LAMOSTIf >1, indicates multiple entries in this table for this starmeta.numberintnullableEWHa[-208/337]? Equivalent Width, H{alpha} (1)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidth;em.line.Halphadoublenullablee_EWHa[0/248]? Uncertainty in EWHa (1)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableEWHb[-190/432]? Equivalent Width, H{beta} (1)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidth;em.line.Hbetadoublenullablee_EWHb[0.001/250]? Uncertainty in EWHb (1)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableActHbActivity criteria, Hb (G1)meta.codecharEWHg[-124/5619]? Equivalent Width, H{gamma} (1)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidth;em.line.Hgammadoublenullablee_EWHg[0.001/1096]? Uncertainty in EWHg (1)0.1nmstat.errordoublenullableActHgActivity criteria, Hg (G1)meta.codecharEWHd[-91/359]? Equivalent Width, H{delta} (1)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidth;em.line.Hdeltafloatnullablee_EWHd[0.002/250]? Uncertainty in EWHd (1)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableActHdActivity criteria, Hd (G1)meta.codecharEWCaH[-132/17672]? Equivalent Width, Ca II H (1)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidth;em.IR.Hdoublenullablee_EWCaH[0/1906]? Uncertainty in EWCaH (1)0.1nmstat.errordoublenullableActCaHActivity criteria, CaH (G1)meta.codecharEWCaK[-188/5907]? Equivalent Width, Ca II K (1)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidth;em.IR.Kdoublenullablee_EWCaK[0.006/657]? Uncertainty in EWCaK (1)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableActCaKActivity criteria, CaK (G1)meta.codecharEWCa84[-54/212]? Equivalent Width, Ca II 8498A (1)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_EWCa84[0/245]? Uncertainty in EWCa84 (1)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableActCa84Activity criteria, Ca84 (G1)meta.codecharEWCa85[-38/1022]? Equivalent Width, Ca II 8542A (1)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_EWCa85[0/237]? Uncertainty in EWCa85 (1)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableActCa85Activity criteria, Ca85 (G1)meta.codecharEWCa86[-42/119]? Equivalent Width, Ca II 8662A (1)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_EWCa86[0/250]? Uncertainty in EWCa86 (1)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableActCa86Activity criteria, Ca86 (G1)meta.codecharEWHeI[-140/238]? Equivalent Width, He I D3 (1)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_EWHeI[0/250]? Uncertainty in EWHeI (1)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableActHeIActivity criteria, HeI (G1)meta.codechar_RAPositions from LAMOST names (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexed_DEPositions from LAMOST names (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexedJ/ApJS/243/28/table5H{alpha} variability of LAMOST M-type starsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/5499] Sequential running numbermeta.idintLAMOSTLAMOST spectral name (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)meta.id;meta.maincharSpTSpectral typesrc.spTypecharNObs[2/21] Number of spectra observed by LAMOSTmeta.numberintMax(EWHa)[0.7/337] Maximum H{alpha} equivalent width0.1nmspect.line.eqWidth;stat.max;em.line.Halphafloate_Max(EWHa)[0.01/88] Uncertainty in Max(EWHa)0.1nmstat.errorfloatMin(EWHa)[0.7/192] Minumum H{alpha} equivalent width0.1nmspect.line.eqWidth;stat.min;em.line.Halphafloate_Min(EWHa)[0.01/25] Uncertainty in Min(EWHa)0.1nmstat.errorfloatREW[1/24.2] Ratio, Max(EWHa)/Min(EWHa)spect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatdEW[0/265] Difference, Max(EWHa)-Min(EWHa)0.1nmsrc.var.amplitudefloate_dEW[0.02/88.5] Uncertainty, dEW0.1nmstat.errorfloatVar[Yes, No] Is H{alpha} variable?meta.codecharJ/ApJS/243/28/table6Parameters of 8964 M-type stars (observed by LAMOST and Kepler)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameKepler/K2(EPIC) name (KIC NNNNNNNN or EPIC NNNNNNNNN)meta.id.crosscharLAMOSTLAMOST spectral name (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)meta.id;meta.maincharDateStarting exposure time of LAMOST spectrum, ISO 8601 combinedstime.start;obs.exposurenullableSpTSpectral typesrc.spTypecharKTime[9.7/1425] Kepler's total observation time for the star (1)dtime.intervaldoubleTeff[0/8007]? Literature Effective temperature (2)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintnullablee_Teff[0/3335]? Uncertainty in TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintnullableRstar[0.0/300.749]? Literature stellar radius (2)solRadphys.size.radiusfloatnullablee_Rstar[0.0/191.378]? Uncertainty in RstarsolRadstat.errorfloatnullableEWHa[-24.5/69]? Equivalent Width, H{alpha} (3)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidth;em.line.Halphafloatnullablee_EWHa[0/75]? Uncertainty in EWHa (3)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableActHaActivity criteria, Ha (G1)meta.codecharEWCaH[-81/101]? Equivalent Width, Ca II H (3)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidth;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_EWCaH[0.01/250]? Uncertainty in EWCaH (3)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableActCaHActivity criteria, CaH (G1)meta.codecharEWHeI[-40/112]? Equivalent Width, He I D3 (3)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_EWHeI[0.001/236]? Uncertainty in EWHeI (3)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableActHeIActivity criteria, HeI (G1)meta.codecharNfl[0/140] Number of flares detected in this starmeta.numberintPer[0.07/65]? Derived Stellar Rotation Perioddtime.perioddoublenullableKICDisplay the KIC data (V/133) within 3"meta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from LAMOST names (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from LAMOST names (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJS/243/28/table7Flare parametersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameKepler/K2(EPIC) namemeta.id;meta.maincharStart[120.9/3410.7] Flare start time; BJD-2454833dtime.epochdoublePeak[120.9/3410.8] Flare peak time; BJD-2454833dtime.epochdoubleEnd[121/3411] Flare end time; BJD-2454833dtime.enddoubleDur[0.06/0.5] Flare duration timedtime.durationdoubleAmp[4e-5/2] Flare amplitude, normalized as in Equation 3 (F_norm_=(F_PDC_-F_average_)/F_average_) (1)src.var.amplitude;arith.ratiodoubleEnergy[2e+30/2.6e+40] Flare Energy; in erg units1e-07Jphys.energydouble