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<ri:Resource created="2019-08-09T10:34:35Z" status="active" updated="2025-05-19T09:50:00Z" version="1.2" xmlns:cs="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/ConeSearch/v1.0" xmlns:ri="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/RegistryInterface/v1.0" xmlns:vr="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VOResource/v1.0" xmlns:vs="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VODataService/v1.1" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/ConeSearch/v1.0 http://vo.ari.uni-heidelberg.de/docs/schemata/ConeSearch.xsd http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VOResource/v1.0 http://vo.ari.uni-heidelberg.de/docs/schemata/VOResource.xsd http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VODataService/v1.1 http://vo.ari.uni-heidelberg.de/docs/schemata/VODataService.xsd" xsi:type="vs:CatalogService"><title>M-subdwarf research. I. LAMOST DR4 spectra obs.</title><shortName>J/ApJS/240/31</shortName><identifier>ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/240/31</identifier><altIdentifier>doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22400031</altIdentifier><curation><publisher ivo-id="ivo://CDS">CDS</publisher><creator><name>Zhang S.</name></creator><creator><name>Luo A.-L.</name></creator><creator><name>Comte G.</name></creator><creator><name>Gizis J.E.</name></creator><creator><name>Wang R.</name></creator><creator><name>Li Y.</name></creator><creator><name>Qin Li</name></creator><creator><name>Kong X.,Bai Y.</name></creator><creator><name>Yi Z.</name></creator><date role="Updated">2019-11-22T14:09:47Z</date><date role="Created">2019-08-09T10:34:35Z</date><contact><name>CDS support team</name><address>CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France</address><email>cds-question@unistra.fr</email></contact></curation><content><subject>radial-velocity</subject><subject>visible-astronomy</subject><subject>spectroscopy</subject><subject>m-stars</subject><subject>infrared-photometry</subject><subject>broad-band-photometry</subject><subject>proper-motions</subject><subject>trigonometric-parallax</subject><subject>late-type-stars</subject><description>We propose a revision of the system developed by Lepine+ (2007ApJ...669.1235L) for spectroscopic M-subdwarf classification. Based on an analysis of subdwarf spectra and templates from Savcheva+ (2014ApJ...794..145S), we show that the CaH1 feature originally proposed by Gizis (1997, J/AJ/113/806) is important in selecting reliable cool subdwarf spectra. This index should be used in combination with the [TiO5, CaH2+CaH3] relation provided by Lepine+ to avoid misclassification results. In the new system, the dwarf-subdwarf separators are first derived from a sample of more than 80000 M dwarfs and a "labeled" subdwarf subsample, and these objects are all visually identified from their optical spectra. Based on these two samples, we refit the initial [TiO5, CaH1] relation and propose a new [CaOH, CaH1] relation supplementing the [TiO5, CaH1] relation to reduce the impact of uncertainty in flux calibration on classification accuracy. In addition, we recalibrate the {zeta}TiO/CaH parameter defined in Lepine+ to enable its successful application to Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) spectra. Using this new system, we select candidates from LAMOST Data Release 4 and finally identify a set of 2791 new M-subdwarf stars, covering the spectral sequence from type M0 to M7. This sample contains a large number of objects located at low Galactic latitudes, especially in the Galactic anti-center direction, expanding beyond previously published halo- and thick disk-dominated samples. Besides, we detect magnetic activity in 141 objects. We present a catalog for this M-subdwarf sample, including radial velocities, spectral indices and errors, and activity flags, with a compilation of external data (photometric and Gaia Data Release 2 astrometric parameters).</description><source format="bibcode">2019ApJS..240...31Z</source><referenceURL>https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/240/31</referenceURL><type>Catalog</type><contentLevel>Research</contentLevel><relationship><relationshipType>IsServedBy</relationshipType><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/TAP">TAP VizieR generic service</relatedResource></relationship><relationship><relationshipType>IsServedBy</relationshipType><relatedResource>Conesearch service</relatedResource></relationship><relationship><relationshipType>related-to</relationshipType><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/III/198">III/198 : Palomar/MSU nearby star spectroscopic survey (Hawley+ 1997)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/I/298">I/298 : LSPM-North Catalog (Lepine+ 2005)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/I/347">I/347 : Distances to 1.33 billion stars in Gaia DR2 (Bailer-Jones+, 2018)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/I/345">I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/V/146">V/146 : LAMOST DR1 catalogs (Luo+, 2015)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/V/153">V/153 : LAMOST DR4 catalogs (Luo+, 2018)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/113/806">J/AJ/113/806 : M-Subdwarfs (Gizis 1997)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/125/1598">J/AJ/125/1598 : New high PM stars in the northern sky (Lepine+, 2003)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/128/426">J/AJ/128/426 : Subdwarfs in the SDSS (West+, 2004)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/134/2398">J/AJ/134/2398 : Stellar SEDs in SDSS and 2MASS filters (Covey+, 2007)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/141/97">J/AJ/141/97 : SDSS DR7 M dwarfs (West+, 2011)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/143/67">J/AJ/143/67 : SLoWPoKES. 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Wide, low-mass binaries (Dhital+, 2012)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/750/99">J/ApJ/750/99 : The Pan-STARRS1 photometric system (Tonry+, 2012)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/145/102">J/AJ/145/102 : Spectrosc. of bright M dwarfs in northern sky (Lepine+, 2013)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/556/A15">J/A+A/556/A15 : Effective temperature scale of M dwarfs (Rajpurohit+, 2013)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/783/122">J/ApJ/783/122 : AllWISE motion survey (Kirkpatrick+, 2014)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/RAA/16.G7">J/other/RAA/16.G7 : Nearby M subdwarfs from LAMOST DR2 (Bai+, 2016)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/224/36">J/ApJS/224/36 : The AllWISE motion survey (AllWISE2) (Kirkpatrick+, 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49109</spatial><spectral>8.157980699529898e-21 4.670716440110116e-19</spectral><footprint ivo-id="ivo://ivoa.net/std/moc">https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/240/31?format=ascii</footprint><waveband>Optical</waveband><waveband>Infrared</waveband></coverage><tableset><schema><name>default</name><table><name>J/ApJS/240/31/table4</name><description>The subdwarf catalog</description><column><name>TiO5</name><description>[0.3/1.6] This work spectral index of TiO5 band</description><ucd>spect.index</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>recno</name><description>Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.</description><ucd>meta.record</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>LAMOST</name><description>Target identifier (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)</description><ucd>meta.id;meta.main</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="19*">char</dataType></column><column><name>FITS</name><description>LAMOST FITS spectrum name</description><ucd>meta.id;meta.file</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="40*">char</dataType></column><column><name>MJD</name><description>[55859/57541] Modified Julian Date of LAMOST observation</description><unit>d</unit><ucd>time.epoch</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>Plan</name><description>LAMOST Plan name</description><ucd>obs.field</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="20*">char</dataType></column><column><name>SpID</name><description>[1/16] LAMOST Spectrograph identifier</description><ucd>meta.id;instr</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>Fiber</name><description>[1/250] LAMOST Fiber identifier</description><ucd>meta.id</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>RAJ2000</name><description>Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)</description><unit>deg</unit><ucd>pos.eq.ra;meta.main</ucd></column><column><name>DEJ2000</name><description>Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)</description><unit>deg</unit><ucd>pos.eq.dec;meta.main</ucd></column><column><name>GLON</name><description>Galactic longitude</description><unit>deg</unit><ucd>pos.galactic.lon</ucd></column><column><name>GLAT</name><description>Galactic latitude</description><unit>deg</unit><ucd>pos.galactic.lat</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType></column><column><name>SNRr</name><description>[0.4/360] Average spectrum SNR in LAMOST r band</description><ucd>stat.snr;em.opt.R</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>SNRi</name><description>[1/815] Average spectrum SNR in LAMOST i band</description><ucd>stat.snr;em.opt.I</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>HRV</name><description>[-449/524] Heliocentric radial velocity; this work</description><unit>km/s</unit><ucd>spect.dopplerVeloc;pos.heliocentric</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>e_HRV</name><description>[0/68] Standard error in HRV</description><unit>km/s</unit><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>CaOH</name><description>[-2.2/1.2] This work spectral index of CaOH band</description><ucd>spect.index</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>e_CaOH</name><description>[0.001/1.6]? Error in CaOH (1)</description><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>CaH1</name><description>[0.04/1] This work spectral index of CaH1 band</description><ucd>spect.index</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>e_CaH1</name><description>[0.001/0.8]? Error in CaH1 (1)</description><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>CaH2</name><description>[0.1/1] This work spectral index of CaH2 band</description><ucd>spect.index</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>e_CaH2</name><description>[0.001/0.3]? Error in CaH2 (1)</description><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>CaH3</name><description>[0.3/1] This work spectral index of CaH3 band</description><ucd>spect.index</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>e_CaH3</name><description>[0.001/0.4]? Error in CaH3 (1)</description><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_TiO5</name><description>[0.001/0.4]? Error in TiO5 (1)</description><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>Zeta</name><description>[-2.3/0.9] Value of {Zeta} parameter</description><ucd>stat.param</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>SpT</name><description>[0/7] Spectral subtype; this work (2)</description><ucd>src.spType</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>Act</name><description>[-9999/1] H{alpha} emission tag (3)</description><ucd>meta.code</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>Flag</name><description>[*] Visual inspection of spectrum quality flag (4)</description><ucd>meta.code.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="1*">char</dataType></column><column><name>Plx</name><description>[-2.5/42.6]? Gaia DR2 parallax</description><unit>mas</unit><ucd>pos.parallax.trig</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_Plx</name><description>[0.01/1.2]? Standard error in Plx</description><unit>mas</unit><ucd>stat.error;pos.parallax</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>pmRA</name><description>[-405.1/343.3]? Gaia DR2 proper motion along RA</description><unit>mas/yr</unit><ucd>pos.pm;pos.eq.ra</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_pmRA</name><description>[0.01/2]? Standard error in pmRA</description><unit>mas/yr</unit><ucd>stat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.ra</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>pmDE</name><description>[-407.4/188]? Gaia DR2 proper motion along DE</description><unit>mas/yr</unit><ucd>pos.pm;pos.eq.dec</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_pmDE</name><description>[0.02/2.1]? Standard error in pmDE</description><unit>mas/yr</unit><ucd>stat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.dec</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>Gmag</name><description>[9.7/20.4]? Mean Gaia DR2 G-band magnitude</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;em.opt</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>BPmag</name><description>[11.8/21.5]? Mean Gaia DR2 BP magnitude</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;em.opt.B</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>RPmag</name><description>[8.5/19.6]? Mean Gaia DR2 RP magnitude</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;em.opt.R</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>BP-RP</name><description>[0.4/4.5]? Gaia DR2 (BP-RP) color index</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.R</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>Dist</name><description>[26.7/4173]? Estimated distance (5)</description><unit>pc</unit><ucd>pos.distance;pos.heliocentric</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>b_Dist</name><description>[26.7/3174]? Lower confidence interval boundary on Dist</description><unit>pc</unit><ucd>stat.fit.param</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>B_Dist</name><description>[26.8/5875]? Upper confidence interval boundary on Dist</description><unit>pc</unit><ucd>stat.fit.param</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>rlen</name><description>[335.4/1741]? Length scale used in the prior for distance estimation</description><unit>pc</unit><ucd>pos.distance;instr.setup</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>gmag</name><description>[12.3/22]? Mean Pan-STARRS1 g band PSF AB magnitude</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;em.opt.B</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_gmag</name><description>[0/0.3]? Error in gmag</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.B</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>rmag</name><description>[10.7/20.5]? Mean Pan-STARRS1 r band PSF AB magnitude</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;em.opt.R</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_rmag</name><description>[0/0.06]? Error in rmag</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.R</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>imag</name><description>[9/20]? Mean Pan-STARRS1 i band PSF AB magnitude</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;em.opt.I</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_imag</name><description>[0/0.2]? Error in imag</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.I</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>zmag</name><description>[8/20]? Mean Pan-STARRS1 z band PSF AB magnitude</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;em.opt.I</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_zmag</name><description>[0/0.5]? Error in zmag</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.I</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>ymag</name><description>[7.6/19.7]? Mean Pan-STARRS1 y band PSF AB magnitude</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;em.IR.J</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_ymag</name><description>[0/0.2]? Error in ymag</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error;phot.mag;em.IR</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>Jmag</name><description>[5.9/17]? Default 2MASS J band magnitude</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;em.IR.J</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>Hmag</name><description>[4.8/17.2]? Default 2MASS H band magnitude</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;em.IR.H</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>Ksmag</name><description>[4.4/16.1]? Default 2MASS Ks band magnitude</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;em.IR.K</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_Jmag</name><description>[0.01/0.3]? Photometric uncertainty in Jmag</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.J</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_Hmag</name><description>[0.01/0.3]? Photometric uncertainty in Hmag</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.H</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_Ksmag</name><description>[0.01/0.3]? Photometric uncertainty in Ksmag</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.K</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>W1mag</name><description>[4/17]? AllWISE W1 (3.4um) band standard aperture magnitude</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;em.IR.3-4um</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>W2mag</name><description>[3.9/17]? AllWISE W2 (4.6um) band standard aperture magnitude</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;em.IR.4-8um</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>W3mag</name><description>[3.6/13.4]? AllWISE W3 (12um) band standard aperture magnitude</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15um</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>W4mag</name><description>[3.2/9.8]? AllWISE W4 (22um) band standard aperture magnitude</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30um</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_W1mag</name><description>[0.02/0.4]? Uncertainty in W1mag</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error;phot.mag</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_W2mag</name><description>[0.01/0.4]? Uncertainty in W2mag</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error;phot.mag</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_W3mag</name><description>[0.01/0.6]? Uncertainty in W3mag</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error;phot.mag</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_W4mag</name><description>[0.02/0.6]? Uncertainty in W4mag</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error;phot.mag</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>PS1</name><description>Display the Pan-STARRS1 data (II/349) within 1"</description><ucd>meta.ref.url</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="*">char</dataType></column><column><name>WISEA</name><description>Display the AllWISE data (II/328) within 1"</description><ucd>meta.ref.url</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="*">char</dataType></column><column><name>Gaia</name><description>Display the Gaia DR2 data (I/345 and I/347) within 1" for sources with Plx</description><ucd>meta.ref.url</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="*">char</dataType></column><column><name>2M</name><description>Display the 2MASS data (II/246) within 3"</description><ucd>meta.ref.url</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="*">char</dataType></column></table></schema></tableset></ri:Resource>