J/ApJS/239/13ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/239/13doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22390013CDSWilliams B.F.Lazzarini M.Plucinsky P.P.Sasaki M.Antoniou V.,Vulic N.Eracleous M.Long K.S.Binder B.Dalcanton J.J.Lewis A.R.,Weisz D.R.2019-03-04T17:58:42Z2019-01-28T10:43:54ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesx-ray-sourcesastronomical-object-identificationvisible-astronomyThe X-ray source populations within galaxies are typically difficult to identify and classify with X-ray data alone. We are able to break through this barrier by combining deep new Chandra ACIS-I observations with extensive Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging from the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury of the M31 disk. We detect 373 X-ray sources down to 0.35-8.0keV flux of 10^-15^erg/cm^-2^/s over 0.4deg^2^, 170 of which are reported for the first time. We identify optical counterpart candidates for 188 of the 373 sources, after using the HST data to correct the absolute astrometry of our Chandra imaging to 0.1". While 58 of these 188 are associated with point sources potentially in M31, over half (107) of the counterpart candidates are extended background galaxies, 5 are star clusters, 12 are foreground stars, and 6 are supernova remnants. Sources with no clear counterpart candidate are most likely to be undetected background galaxies and low-mass X-ray binaries in M31. The hardest sources in the 1-8keV band tend to be matched to background galaxies. The 58 point sources that are not consistent with foreground stars are bright enough that they could be high-mass stars in M31; however, all but 8 have optical colors inconsistent with single stars, suggesting that many could be background galaxies or binary counterparts. For point-like counterparts, we examine the star formation history of the surrounding stellar populations to look for a young component that could be associated with a high-mass X-ray binary. About one-third of the point sources are not physically associated with a young population, and are therefore more likely to be background galaxies. For the 40 point-like counterpart candidates associated with young populations, we find that their age distribution has two peaks at 15-20Myr and 40-50Myr. If we only consider the 8 counterpart candidates with typical high-mass main-sequence optical star colors, their age distribution peaks mimic those of the sample of 40. Finally, we find that intrinsic faintness, and not extinction, is the main limitation for finding further counterpart candidates.2018ApJS..239...13Whttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/239/13CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/chandra : The Chandra Archive Log (CXC, 1999-2014)J/A+A/620/A28 : XMM northern disc of M31 sources (Sasaki+, 2018)J/ApJ/846/145 : PHAT. XIX. Formation history of M31 disk (Williams+, 2017)J/ApJS/228/2 : Chandra Deep Field-South survey: 7Ms sources (Luo+, 2017)J/MNRAS/461/3443 : M31 deepest Chandra catalog of point sources (Vulic+, 2016)J/AJ/150/94 : Chandra Local Volume Survey. I. (Binder+, 2015)J/ApJ/802/127 : PHAT stellar cluster survey. II. AP catalog (Johnson+, 2015)J/other/Ser/189.15 : Point source catalogue of M31. DR2 (Galvin+, 2014)J/ApJS/215/9 : PHAT X. UV-IR photometry of M31 stars (Williams+, 2014)J/ApJ/786/130 : Catalog of M31 SNR candidates (Lee+, 2014)J/ApJ/763/128 : Chandra Local Volume Survey: NGC 404 sources (Binder+, 2013)J/ApJ/758/15 : Chandra X-ray point sources of NGC 300 (Binder+, 2012)J/A+A/534/A55 : Deep XMM-Newton Survey of M31 (Stiele+, 2011)J/ApJS/193/31 : M33 Chandra ACIS survey: final catalog (Tullmann+, 2011)J/A+A/495/733 : XMM-Newton spectral survey of M31 disc (Shaw+, 2009)J/A+A/451/835 : Properties of X-ray sources in M31/M33 (Hatzidimitriou+, 2006)J/A+A/434/483 : An XMM-Newton survey of M 31 (Pietsch+, 2005)J/ApJ/610/247 : M31 supersoft and quasi-soft X-ray sources (Di Stefano+, 2004)J/ApJ/609/735 : M31 Chandra X-ray sources (Williams+, 2004)J/ApJS/150/19 : ChaMP. I. First X-ray source catalog (Kim+, 2004)J/ApJ/578/114 : Chandra HRC source in M31 (Kaaret, 2002)J/ApJ/577/738 : M31 Chandra X-ray point sources (Kong+, 2002)J/A+A/373/63 : M31 second ROSAT PSPC survey (Supper+, 2001)J/A+A/317/328 : ROSAT PSPC survey of M 31 (Supper+ 1997)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/239/13https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/239/13http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/239/13https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/239/13https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/239/13http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/239/13GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/239/13/table4 (Chandra PHAT X-ray catalog)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/239/13/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/239/13/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/239/13/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true10.8334530641.612731110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/239/13/table6 (PHAT point source counterpart candidate multiwavelength properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/239/13/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/239/13/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/239/13/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true10.9129611141.354866940.0055555555555555566/2623 2666 2709 27521.1796835550914393e-19 6.371754394130019e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/239/13?format=asciiX-rayOpticaldefaultJ/ApJS/239/13/table4Chandra PHAT X-ray catalogPHATSingle letter PHAT counterpart code (3)meta.code.classcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHMXBHigh-mass X-ray binary candidate age probabilities (link to table 7)meta.numberintnullableSeqSource number in this catalogmeta.idintPhotDisplay the PHAT photometry for this source (link to Table 6)meta.ref.urlcharObsID[17008/17014] Observation in which source was measuredobs.param;obsintCXOUnique source identifier (HHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s; J2000)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryRAJ2000[10.8/11.8] Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[41.2/42.3] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainPosErr[0.2/5] X-ray position uncertaintyarcsecstat.error;posfloatTheta[0.4/12.1] Off-axis angle in Chandra observationarcmininstr.offsetfloatC0.35-8.0[1/15000] Source Net Counts in 0.35-8.0keV bandctphot.count;em.X-rayfloate_C0.35-8.0[1/130] Negative uncertainty in C0.35-8.0 (1)ctstat.errorfloatE_C0.35-8.0Positive uncertainty in C0.35-8.0ctstat.error;stat.maxfloatC0.35-1.0[-2/910] Source Net Counts in 0.35-1.0keV bandctphot.count;em.X-raydoublee_C0.35-1.0[0.8/99] Negative uncertainty in C0.35-1.0 (1)ctstat.errorfloatE_C0.35-1.0Positive uncertainty in C0.35-1.0ctstat.error;stat.maxfloatC0.5-8.0[1/15000] Source Net Counts in 0.5-8.0keV bandctphot.count;em.X-rayfloate_C0.5-8.0[1/120] Negative uncertainty in C0.5-8.0 (1)ctstat.errorfloatE_C0.5-8.0Positive uncertainty in C0.5-8.0ctstat.error;stat.maxfloatC0.5-1.0[-2/880] Source Net Counts in 0.5-1.0keV bandctphot.count;em.X-raydoublee_C0.5-1.0[0.8/99] Negative uncertainty in C0.5-1.0 (1)ctstat.errorfloatE_C0.5-1.0Positive uncertainty in C0.5-1.0ctstat.error;stat.maxfloatC1.0-2.0[-1/6600] Source Net Counts in 1.0-2.0keV bandctphot.count;em.X-raydoublee_C1.0-2.0[0.8/99] Negative uncertainty in C1.0-2.0 (1)ctstat.errorfloatE_C1.0-2.0Positive uncertainty in C1.0-2.0ctstat.error;stat.maxfloatC2.0-4.0[-1/5000] Source Net Counts in 2.0-4.0keV bandctphot.count;em.X-raydoublee_C2.0-4.0[0.8/99] Negative uncertainty in C2.0-4.0 (1)ctstat.errorfloatE_C2.0-4.0Positive uncertainty in C2.0-4.0ctstat.error;stat.maxfloatC2.0-8.0[-3/7600] Source Net Counts in 2.0-8.0keV bandctphot.count;em.X-raydoublee_C2.0-8.0[0.8/99] Negative uncertainty in C2.0-8.0 (1)ctstat.errorfloatE_C2.0-8.0Positive uncertainty in C2.0-8.0ctstat.error;stat.maxfloatC4.0-8.0[-2/2700] Source Net Counts in 4.0-8.0keV bandctphot.count;em.X-raydoublee_C4.0-8.0[0.8/99] Negative uncertainty in C4.0-8.0 (1)ctstat.errorfloatE_C4.0-8.0Positive uncertainty in C4.0-8.0ctstat.error;stat.maxfloatR0.35-8.0[4.6e-05/0.3] ARF-corrected Count Rate in 0.35-8.0keV bandct/sphot.count;em.X-rayfloate_R0.35-8.0Negative uncertainty in R0.35-8.0ct/sstat.errorfloatE_R0.35-8.0Positive uncertainty in R0.35-8.0ct/sstat.error;stat.maxfloatR0.35-1.0ARF-corrected Count Rate in 0.35-2.0 keV bandct/sphot.count;em.X-rayfloate_R0.35-1.0[5.3e-05/99] Negative uncertainty in R0.35-1.0 (1)ct/sstat.errorfloatE_R0.35-1.0Positive uncertainty in R0.35-1.0ct/sstat.error;stat.maxfloatR0.5-8.0ARF-corrected Count Rate in 0.5-8.0 keV bandct/sphot.count;em.X-rayfloate_R0.5-8.0Negative uncertainty in R0.5-8.0ct/sstat.errorfloatE_R0.5-8.0Positive uncertainty in R0.5-8.0ct/sstat.error;stat.maxfloatR0.5-1.0ARF-corrected Count Rate in 0.5-1.0 keV bandct/sphot.count;em.X-rayfloate_R0.5-1.0[4.7e-05/99] Negative uncertainty in R0.5-1.0 (1)ct/sstat.errorfloatE_R0.5-1.0Positive uncertainty in R0.5-1.0ct/sstat.error;stat.maxfloatR1.0-2.0ARF-corrected Count Rate in 1.0-2.0 keV bandct/sphot.count;em.X-rayfloate_R1.0-2.0[1.5e-05/99] Negative uncertainty in R1.0-2.0 (1)ct/sstat.errorfloatE_R1.0-2.0Positive uncertainty in R1.0-2.0ct/sstat.error;stat.maxfloatR2.0-4.0ARF-corrected Count Rate in 2.0-4.0 keV bandct/sphot.count;em.X-rayfloate_R2.0-4.0[1.8e-05/99] Negative uncertainty in R2.0-4.0 (1)ct/sstat.errorfloatE_R2.0-4.0Positive uncertainty in R2.0-4.0ct/sstat.error;stat.maxfloatR2.0-8.0ARF-corrected Count Rate in 2.0-8.0 keV bandct/sphot.count;em.X-rayfloate_R2.0-8.0[2.3e-05/99] Negative uncertainty in R2.0-8.0 (1)ct/sstat.errorfloatE_R2.0-8.0Positive uncertainty in R2.0-8.0ct/sstat.error;stat.maxfloatR4.0-8.0ARF-corrected Count Rate in 4.0-8.0 keV bandct/sphot.count;em.X-rayfloate_R4.0-8.0[1.7e-05/99] Negative uncertainty in R4.0-8.0 (1)ct/sstat.errorfloatE_R4.0-8.0Positive uncertainty in R4.0-8.0ct/sstat.error;stat.maxfloatPNS[0/0.01] Probability no source detected at this location in 0.35-8.0keV band%statfloatF0.35-8.0Energy flux in 0.35-8.0 keV band (2)mW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-rayfloate_F0.35-8.0Negative uncertainty in F0.35-8.0mW.m**-2stat.errorfloatE_F0.35-8.0Positive uncertainty in F0.35-8.0mW.m**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloatF0.35-1.0Energy flux in 0.35-1.0 keV band (2)mW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-rayfloate_F0.35-1.0[9.4e-16/99] Negative uncertainty in F0.35-1.0 (1)mW.m**-2stat.errorfloatE_F0.35-1.0Positive uncertainty in F0.35-1.0mW.m**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloatF0.5-8.0Energy flux in 0.5-8.0 keV band (2)mW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-rayfloate_F0.5-8.0Negative uncertainty in F0.5-8.0mW.m**-2stat.errorfloatE_F0.5-8.0Positive uncertainty in F0.5-8.0mW.m**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloatF0.5-1.0Energy flux in 0.5-1.0 keV band (2)mW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-rayfloate_F0.5-1.0[6.7e-16/99] Negative uncertainty in F0.5-1.0 (1)mW.m**-2stat.errorfloatE_F0.5-1.0Positive uncertainty in F0.5-1.0mW.m**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloatF1.0-2.0Energy flux in 1.0-2.0 keV band (2)mW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-rayfloate_F1.0-2.0[8.3e-17/99] Negative uncertainty in F1.0-2.0 (1)mW.m**-2stat.errorfloatE_F1.0-2.0Positive uncertainty in F1.0-2.0mW.m**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloatF2.0-4.0Energy flux in 2.0-4.0 keV band (2)mW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-rayfloate_F2.0-4.0[2.6e-16/99] Negative uncertainty in F2.0-4.0 (1)mW.m**-2stat.errorfloatE_F2.0-4.0Positive uncertainty in F2.0-4.0mW.m**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloatF2.0-8.0Energy flux in 2.0-8.0 keV band (2)mW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-rayfloate_F2.0-8.0[5e-16/99] Negative uncertainty in F2.0-8.0 (1)mW.m**-2stat.errorfloatE_F2.0-8.0Positive uncertainty in F2.0-8.0mW.m**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloatF4.0-8.0Energy flux in 4.0-8.0 keV band (2)mW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-rayfloate_F4.0-8.0[5.8e-16/99] Negative uncertainty in F4.0-8.0 (1)mW.m**-2stat.errorfloatE_F4.0-8.0Positive uncertainty in F4.0-8.0mW.m**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloatF0.2-4.5Energy Flux in 0.2-4.5 keV band (2)mW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-rayfloate_F0.2-4.5Negative uncertainty in F0.2-4.5mW.m**-2stat.errorfloatE_F0.2-4.5Positive uncertainty in F0.2-4.5mW.m**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloat[SPH2011][1197/1881]? Matched source identifier in S11 (Stiele+ 2011, J/A+A/534/A55)meta.id.crossintnullableClassSource classification in Stiele+ 2011, J/A+A/534/A55src.classcharAv[0.02/3.9]? Mean extinction from maps of Dalcanton+ (2015ApJ...814....3D)magphys.absorption;stat.meanfloatnullableNotesNotes from visual inspection of PHAT imagesmeta.notecharJ/ApJS/239/13/table6PHAT point source counterpart candidate multiwavelength propertiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCXOUnique source identifier (HHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s; J2000)meta.id;meta.maincharf_CXOFlag on CXO (1)meta.codecharRAXdeg[10.9/11.8] CXO right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.raDEXdeg[41.2/42.3] CXO declination (J2000)degpos.eq.decePos[0.2/4.6] X-ray source position uncertainty from Table 4arcsecstat.error;posfloatRAJ2000[10.9/11.8] PHAT right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[41.2/42.3] PHAT declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainF275W[18.6/27.5]? HST//WFC3 F275W band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.UV.200-300nmfloatnullableF336W[19/25.2] HST/WFC3 F336W band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.UfloatF475W[20.2/26.2]? HST/ACS F475W band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.BfloatnullableF814W[17.3/24.6] HST/ACS F814W band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.IfloatF110W[16.2/25.8]? HST/WFC3 F110W band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableF160W[15.4/25.5]? HST/WFC3 F160W band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableF0.35-8[1.8e-15/1.3e-13] Flux in 0.35-8keV bandmW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-raydoublee_F0.35-8F0.35-8 negative uncertaintymW.m**-2stat.errorfloatE_F0.35-8F0.35-8 positive uncertaintymW.m**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloatW14Display the PHAT data from Williams+, 2014, J/ApJS/215/9, within 0.5"meta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJS/239/13/table7Best high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) candidate age probabilitiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCXOCatalog identifier (HHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s; J2000)meta.id;meta.maincharLowAge[4/63.1] Lower edge of the age bin (1)Myrtime.age;stat.minfloatHighAge[5/79.4] Higher edge of the age bin (1)Myrtime.agefloatProb[0/1] Probability HMXB system is in the age bintime.age;stat.probabilityfloatE_ProbPositive uncertainty in Probstat.error;stat.maxfloate_ProbNegative uncertainty in Probstat.errorfloat