J/ApJS/227/25ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/227/25doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22270025CDSRosero V.Hofner P.Claussen M.Kurtz S.Cesaroni R.Araya E.D.,Carrasco-Gonzalez C.Rodriguez L.F.Menten K.M.Wyrowski F.Loinard L.,Ellingsen S.P.2017-09-27T05:55:41Z2017-02-07T16:51:47ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frradio-continuum-emissionradio-sourcesinterstellar-mediuminterferometryh-ii-regionsWe present a high-sensitivity radio continuum survey at 6 and 1.3cm using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array toward a sample of 58 high-mass star-forming regions. Our sample was chosen from dust clumps within infrared dark clouds with and without IR sources (CMC-IRs and CMCs, respectively), and hot molecular cores (HMCs), with no previous, or relatively weak radio continuum detection at the 1mJy level. Due to the improvement in the continuum sensitivity of the Very Large Array, this survey achieved map rms levels of ~3-10{mu}Jy/beam at sub-arcsecond angular resolution. We extracted 70 continuum sources associated with 1.2mm dust clumps. Most sources are weak, compact, and prime candidates for high-mass protostars. Detection rates of radio sources associated with the millimeter dust clumps for CMCs, CMC-IRs, and HMCs are 6%, 53%, and 100%, respectively. This result is consistent with increasing high-mass star formation activity from CMCs to HMCs. The radio sources located within HMCs and CMC-IRs occur close to the dust clump centers, with a median offset from it of 12000au and 4000au, respectively. We calculated 5-25GHz spectral indices using power-law fits and obtained a median value of 0.5 (i.e., flux increasing with frequency), suggestive of thermal emission from ionized jets. In this paper we describe the sample, observations, and detections.2016ApJS..227...25Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/227/25CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/550/A21 : Massive star-forming regions radio lines (Sanchez-Monge+, 2013)J/A+A/552/A40 : MSX high-contrast IRDCs with NH_3_ (Chira+, 2013)J/ApJ/756/60 : A 3mm line survey in 37 IR dark clouds (Sanhueza+, 2012)J/ApJ/715/310 : Early stages of star formation in IRDCs (Rathborne+, 2010)J/ApJ/681/428 : BLAST sources in Galactic plane survey (Chapin+, 2008)J/ApJ/641/389 : Millimetric observations of IRDC cores (Rathborne+, 2006)J/A+A/398/901 : VLA survey at 6 cm in the Lockman Hole (Ciliegi+, 2003)J/ApJ/566/945 : Massive star forming regions at 1.2mm (Beuther+, 2002)J/A+A/336/339 : VLA observations of ultracompact HII regions (Molinari+ 1998)J/ApJS/91/659 : Ultracompact HII regions radio images (Kurtz+ 1994)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/227/25https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/227/25http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/227/25https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/227/25https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/227/25http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/227/25GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/227/25/table1 (Observed 58 clumps)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/227/25/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/227/25/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/227/25/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true106.252917-12.2791670.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/227/25/table4 (*Continuum parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/227/25/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/227/25/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/227/25/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true106.2527083-12.27913890.0055555555555555566/14353 14355 14655 14689 14693 14697 21641 29097 29103 29118 29461 29471 29505 29508 29509 29513 29529 29532 29533 29535 30218 30219 30245 30256 30262 30263 30268 30312 30318 30319 30330 30419 30420 30421 30422 30425 30594 30595 30716 30719https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/227/25?format=asciiRadiodefaultJ/ApJS/227/25/table1Observed 58 clumpsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRegionRegion identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryBand[CK] VLA band (C=4.5-5.0GHz (6cm) or K=22-24GHz (1.3cm))instr.bandpasscharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainMult[c] Multiplicity flag (1)meta.code.multipcharGLONGalactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latfloatBmaj[0.3/0.7] Beam major axisarcsecphys.angSize;instr.beamfloatBmin[0.2/0.4] Beam minor axisarcsecphys.angSize;instr.beamfloatBsize[-179/87] Beam sizedegphys.angSize;instr.beamfloatrms[4/30] Root mean squareuJy/beamstat.errorfloatDetDetection code (2)meta.code;instr.saturationcharTypeRegion type (3)meta.code.classcharNrNumber of radio continuum observation for this regionmeta.numberintnullableDistDistancekpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentriccharLumBolometric luminosityksolLumphys.luminositycharf_LumFlag on Lum (4)meta.codecharRefReference(s) for the distance and luminosity (5)meta.ref;pos.framecharR06Display data from Rathborne+ 2006, J/ApJ/641/389 and 2010, J/ApJ/715/310 and Sanhueza+, 2012, J/ApJ/756/60meta.ref.urlintnullableJ/ApJS/227/25/table4*Continuum parametersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRegionRegion identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryRadioRadio source identifier (1)meta.id;spect.dopplerVeloc.radio;em.radiocharFreqRadio source frequency (4.9, 7.4, 20.9 or 25.5)GHzem.freqfloatf_Freq[d] d=Map at this frequency is not availablemeta.codecharRAJ2000? Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullableDEJ2000? Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableSnu[23/9450]? Flux density at FrequJyphot.flux.density;em.radiointnullablef_Snu[ce] Flag on Snu (2)meta.codecharl_InuLimit flag on Inumeta.code.errorcharInu[15/3940]? Peak intensity at FrequJy/beamphot.fluxintnullablef_Inu[bc] Flag on Inu (2)meta.codecharMorphMorphology (C=compact or R=resolved)meta.codecharAssoc[n/y] A millimeter association?meta.codecharf_Assoc[a] Flag on Assoc (2)meta.codecharl_SpIndexLimit flag on SpIndexmeta.code.errorcharSpIndex[-1.6/1.8]? Spectral index of radio observationsspect.index;em.radio;obsfloatnullablee_SpIndex[0.1/1.6]? Uncertainty in SpIndex (3)stat.errorfloatnullable