J/ApJS/220/11ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/220/11doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22200011CDSDunham M.M.Allen L.E.Evans II N.J.Broekhoven-Fiene H.Cieza L.A.,Di Francesco J.Gutermuth R.A.Harvey P.M.Hatchell J.Heiderman A.,Huard T.L.Johnstone D.Kirk J.M.Matthews B.C.Miller J.F.,Peterson D.E.Young K.E.2017-05-10T06:42:48Z2015-12-04T09:55:54ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frinfrared-photometryyoung-stellar-objectsmolecular-cloudssurveysextinctionvisible-astronomybroad-band-photometrymillimeter-astronomyphotometrysubmillimeter-astronomyWe present the full catalog of Young Stellar Objects (YSOs) identified in the 18 molecular clouds surveyed by the Spitzer Space Telescope "cores to disks" (c2d) and "Gould Belt" (GB) Legacy surveys. Using standard techniques developed by the c2d project, we identify 3239 candidate YSOs in the 18 clouds, 2966 of which survive visual inspection and form our final catalog of YSOs in the GB. We compile extinction corrected spectral energy distributions for all 2966 YSOs and calculate and tabulate the infrared spectral index, bolometric luminosity, and bolometric temperature for each object. We find that 326 (11%), 210 (7%), 1248 (42%), and 1182 (40%) are classified as Class 0+I, Flat-spectrum, Class II, and Class III, respectively, and show that the Class III sample suffers from an overall contamination rate by background Asymptotic Giant Branch stars between 25% and 90%. Adopting standard assumptions, we derive durations of 0.40-0.78Myr for Class 0+I YSOs and 0.26-0.50Myr for Flat-spectrum YSOs, where the ranges encompass uncertainties in the adopted assumptions. Including information from (sub)millimeter wavelengths, one-third of the Class 0+I sample is classified as Class 0, leading to durations of 0.13-0.26Myr (Class 0) and 0.27-0.52Myr (Class I). We revisit infrared color-color diagrams used in the literature to classify YSOs and propose minor revisions to classification boundaries in these diagrams. Finally, we show that the bolometric temperature is a poor discriminator between Class II and Class III YSOs.2015ApJS..220...11Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/220/11CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)II/332 : c2d Spitzer final data release (DR4) (Evans+, 2003)J/ApJ/806/231 : MISFITS survey: HCO+ obs. of Spitzer YSOs (Heiderman+, 2015)J/MNRAS/434/806 : Pre-main-sequence isochrones. II. SFR (Bell+, 2013)J/ApJS/209/31 : The MYStIX IR-Excess Source catalog (MIRES) (Povich+, 2013)J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors & temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)J/ApJS/205/5 : YSO candidates in nearby molecular clouds (Hsieh+, 2013)J/ApJ/767/36 : APEX observations of HOPS protostars (Stutz+, 2013)J/ApJ/764/133 : Auriga-California giant molecular cloud (Harvey+, 2013)J/AJ/145/94 : Protostar luminosities from Spitzer surveys (Dunham+, 2013)J/A+A/551/A34 : SED information for CrA members (Sicilia-Aguilar+, 2013)J/AJ/144/31 : Spitzer+2MASS phot. of protostar candidates (Kryukova+, 2012)J/ApJ/749/79 : Transition disks. II. Southern MoC (Romero+, 2012)J/ApJ/745/19 : Binary systems in Taurus-Auriga (Kraus+, 2012)J/A+A/535/A2 : Chamaeleon III 870um sources maps (Belloche+, 2011)J/ApJS/194/43 : YSOs candidates and knots in CrA cloud (Peterson+, 2011)J/A+A/527/A145 : Chamaeleon I 870um sources (Belloche+, 2011)J/ApJ/723/1019 : Galactic SFR and gas surface densities (Heiderman+, 2010)J/ApJ/715/671 : X-ray and IR emission from YSOs (Wolk+, 2010)J/ApJ/714/778 : YSOs in the Serpens Molecular Cloud (Oliveira+, 2010)J/ApJ/712/925 : Transition circumstellar disks in Ophiuchus (Cieza+, 2010)J/ApJS/186/259 : Taurus Spitzer survey: new candidate members (Rebull+, 2010)J/ApJS/185/198 : The Cepheus flare observed with IRAC and MIPS (Kirk+, 2009)J/ApJS/184/18 : Spitzer survey of young stellar clusters (Gutermuth+, 2009)J/ApJS/181/321 : Properties of Spitzer c2d dark clouds (Evans+, 2009)J/ApJ/692/973 : Protostars in Perseus, Serpens and Ophiuchus (Enoch+, 2009)J/ApJ/691/672 : Spectrocopy of YSOs in Serpens cloud (Oliveira+ 2009)J/ApJS/179/249 : Low-luminosity embedded protostar population (Dunham+, 2008)J/ApJS/177/551 : Spitzer c2d survey of Lupus dark clouds (Merin+, 2008)J/ApJ/680/495 : Survey of Interstellar clouds in the GB (Harvey+, 2008)J/ApJS/175/277 : Submm-Continuum SCUBA detections (Di Francesco+, 2008)J/ApJ/676/427 : MIPS and IRAC data on ChaII PMS stars (Alcala+, 2008)J/ApJ/663/1149 : Spitzer survey of Serpens YSO population (Harvey+, 2007)J/AJ/133/1560 : Spitzer c2d small clouds and cores (Wu+, 2007)J/ApJ/638/293 : 1.1mm sources in the Perseus Molecular Cloud (Enoch+, 2006)J/A+A/421/623 : ISOCAM survey of YSOs in Serpens Cloud Core (Kaas+, 2004)J/A+A/399/995 : SOFI and ISOCAM observations of Cha II (Persi+, 2003)J/A+A/372/173 : ISOCAM obs. of the rho Ophiuchi cloud (Bontemps+, 2001)J/AJ/117/354 : OB associations from Hipparcos (de Zeeuw+, 1999)J/A+A/291/943 : Protostellar cores (Ossenkopf+, 1994)J/A+A/216/44 : Walraven photometry in Sco-Cen association (De Geus+, 1989)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/220/11https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/220/11http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/220/11https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/220/11https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/220/11http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/220/11GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/220/11/table1 (Molecular clouds surveyed by the c2d and GB surveys)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/220/11/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/220/11/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/220/11/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000trueCone search capability for table J/ApJS/220/11/fluxobs (Properties of the c2d+GB YSOs and observed Spitzer and 2MASS, 0.36-0.96um, 3.4-22um and 16.-1300um flux densities)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/220/11/fluxobs?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/220/11/fluxobs?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/220/11/fluxobs?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true270.436667-4.8280560.0055555555555555565/7414 7585 7589 7590 10649 10653 10696 10745 6/855 857 858 859 860 861 862 881 1231 1242 1261 1263 1264 1266 1274 1538 1539 1542 1544 1606 1613 1636 14029 14031 14040 14042 14052 14053 15816 15964 15965 16129 16131 16189 16191 16196 16197 16203 29367 29374 29661 29663 30251 30254 30255 30337 30339 30344 30345 30352 30354 30364 30366 30741 30821 36956 36957 36958 37128 41099 41121 41126 41127 41132 41134 41513 41515 41518 42582 42583 42589 42611 42621 42727 42736 42738 42744 42754 42755 42760 42763 42957 42959 42966 42967 42969 42970 42971 42972 42989 42992 42994 43000 44374 47739 47742 47825 478281.528037907652962e-22 2.170978686154857e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/220/11?format=asciiInfraredOpticalRadiodefaultJ/ApJS/220/11/table1Molecular clouds surveyed by the c2d and GB surveysSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintYSOsNumber of YSOs in this cloudmeta.numberintnullableCloudCloud identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharSurveyParent survey identifier (1)meta.idcharDist1[125/950] Assumed distancepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricintDist2[325]? Second distance for Cepheus (see flag)pcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricintnullablef_Dist2[c] Flag on Dist (2)meta.codecharr_Dist[101/113] Distance reference (101-113; see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.frameintArea[2.5/179] Total area mappedpc**2phys.areafloatMass[189/24400] Total cloud gas masssolMassphys.massinte_Mass[17/3600] Mass uncertaintysolMassstat.error;phys.massintRefReference(s) to in-depth studies (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.framecharNobsNumber of Spitzer observations in table 8 (for cloud with no published lists)meta.numberintnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableJ/ApJS/220/11/fluxcorthe c2d+GB YSOs extinction corrected Spitzer and 2MASS, 0.36-0.96um, 3.4-22um and 16.-1300um flux densitiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeqRunning sequence numbermeta.id;meta.mainintprimaryF1.25[0.04/57000]? J band 1.25 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.Jdoublenullablee_F1.25? Uncertainty in F1.25mJystat.errordoublenullableF1.65[0.08/36000]? H band 1.65 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.Hdoublenullablee_F1.65? Uncertainty in F1.65mJystat.errordoublenullableF2.17[0.4/110000]? Ks band 2.17 micron flux densitymJyphot.mag;em.IR.Kdoublenullablee_F2.17? Uncertainty in F2.17mJystat.errordoublenullableF3.6[0/7800]? Spitzer/IRAC 3.6 micron flux densitymJyphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umdoublenullablee_F3.6? Uncertainty in F3.6mJystat.errordoublenullableF4.5[0.02/7300]? Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um flux densitymJyphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_F4.5? Uncertainty in F4.5mJystat.errordoublenullableF5.8[0.1/29000]? Spitzer/IRAC 5.8um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_F5.8? Uncertainty in F5.8mJystat.errordoublenullableF8.0[0.1/18000]? Spitzer/IRAC 8.0um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_F8.0? Uncertainty in F8.0mJystat.errordoublenullableF24[0.7/27000]? Spitzer/MIPS 24um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_F24? Uncertainty in F24mJystat.errordoublenullableF70[21/239000]? Spitzer/MIPS 70um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umintnullablee_F70? Uncertainty in F70mJystat.errorfloatnullableF0.36[0.3/14]? U band 0.36 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Ufloatnullablee_F0.36? Uncertainty in F0.36mJystat.errordoublenullableF0.44[0/160000]? B band 0.44 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Bdoublenullablee_F0.44? Uncertainty in F0.44mJystat.errordoublenullableF0.55[0/96000]? V band 0.55 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Vdoublenullablee_F0.55? Uncertainty in F0.55mJystat.errordoublenullableF0.64[0/7100]? R band 0.64 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Rdoublenullablee_F0.64? Uncertainty in F0.64mJystat.errordoublenullableF0.665[0/1800]? H{alpha} 0.665 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux;em.line.Halphadoublenullablee_F0.665? Uncertainty in F0.665mJystat.errordoublenullableF0.79[0.02/9400]? I band 0.79 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_F0.79? Uncertainty in F0.79mJystat.errordoublenullableF0.914[0.09/1900]? HST/WFPC 0.914um flux densitymJyphot.mag;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_F0.914? Uncertainty in F0.914mJystat.errordoublenullableF0.96[0.08/11000]? z band 0.96 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_F0.96? Uncertainty in F0.96mJystat.errordoublenullableF3.4[26/24000]? L band 3.4 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.3-4umintnullablee_F3.4? Uncertainty in F3.4mJystat.errorfloatnullableF5.0[21000/34000]? M band 5.0 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umintnullablee_F5.0? Uncertainty in F5.0mJystat.errorintnullableF6.7[6/910]? ISO 6.7 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_F6.7? Uncertainty in F6.7mJystat.errorfloatnullableF12[0.1/220000]? WISE 12 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_F12? Uncertainty in F12mJystat.errordoublenullableF14[6/1400]? ISO 14 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_F14? Uncertainty in F14mJystat.errorfloatnullableF22[1/540000]? WISE 22 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_F22? Uncertainty in F22mJystat.errorfloatnullableF160[600/51000]? Spitzer/MIPS 160um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzintnullablee_F160? Uncertainty in F160mJystat.errorintnullableF350[400/190000]? SHARC-II 350um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzintnullablee_F350? Uncertainty in F350mJystat.errorintnullableF450[60/269000]? SCUBA 450 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.400-750GHzintnullablee_F450? Uncertainty in F450mJystat.errorfloatnullableF850[8/29000]? SCUBA 850 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatnullablee_F850? Uncertainty in F850mJystat.errorfloatnullableF1100[57/6500]? Literature 1100um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzintnullablee_F1100? Uncertainty in F1100mJystat.errorfloatnullableF1200[45/1900]? Literature 1200um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.100-200GHzintnullablee_F1200? Uncertainty in F1200mJystat.errorfloatnullableF1300[26/680]? Literature 1300um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.100-200GHzintnullablee_F1300? Uncertainty in F1300mJystat.errorfloatnullableJ/ApJS/220/11/table8Spitzer AORs for unpublished cloudsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCloudCloud identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharMIPSMIPS target namemeta.idcharAORM? Spitzer/MIPS AORmeta.id;obsintnullableIRACIRAC target namemeta.idcharAORISpitzer/IRAC AORmeta.id;obsintJ/ApJS/220/11/refsReferencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference codemeta.noteintBibCodeBibcodemeta.bib.bibcodecharAutFirst author's name(s)meta.bib.authorcharCommCatalog reference in VizieR if anymeta.notecharJ/ApJS/220/11/fluxobsProperties of the c2d+GB YSOs and observed Spitzer and 2MASS, 0.36-0.96um, 3.4-22um and 16.-1300um flux densitiesSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharalpha0[-3.3/5]? Extinction corrected spectral indexspect.indexfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeqRunning sequence numbermeta.id;meta.mainintprimaryCloudCloud identifiermeta.id.parentcharIDSSTc2d or SSTgb Spitzer source name (JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS)meta.idcharAv[0/42] The V band extinctionmagphys.absorption;em.opt.Vfloatalpha[-2.7/5.1]? Observed spectral indexspect.indexfloatnullableTbol[7/6000]? Observed bolometric temperatureKphys.temperaturefloatnullableLbol[0/120]? Observed bolometric luminositysolLumphys.luminositydoublenullableTbol0[7/7900]? Extinction corrected bolometric temperatureKphys.temperaturefloatnullableLbol0[0/940]? Extinction corrected bolometric luminositysolLumphys.luminositydoublenullableAGB?A likely AGB? (Y or N)meta.codecharCore?Source has a core? (Y or -)meta.codecharF1.25[0.04/57000]? J band 1.25 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.Jdoublenullablee_F1.25? Uncertainty in F1.25mJystat.errordoublenullableF1.65[0.08/36000]? H band 1.65 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.Hdoublenullablee_F1.65? Uncertainty in F1.65mJystat.errordoublenullableF2.17[0.4/110000]? Ks band 2.17 micron flux densitymJyphot.mag;em.IR.Kdoublenullablee_F2.17? Uncertainty in F2.17mJystat.errordoublenullableF3.6[0/7800]? Spitzer/IRAC 3.6 micron flux densitymJyphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umdoublenullablee_F3.6? Uncertainty in F3.6mJystat.errordoublenullableF4.5[0.02/7300]? Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um flux densitymJyphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_F4.5? Uncertainty in F4.5mJystat.errordoublenullableF5.8[0.1/29000]? Spitzer/IRAC 5.8um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_F5.8? Uncertainty in F5.8mJystat.errordoublenullableF8.0[0.1/18000]? Spitzer/IRAC 8.0um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_F8.0? Uncertainty in F8.0mJystat.errordoublenullableF24[0.7/27000]? Spitzer/MIPS 24um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_F24? Uncertainty in F24mJystat.errordoublenullableF70[21/239000]? Spitzer/MIPS 70um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umintnullablee_F70? Uncertainty in F70mJystat.errorfloatnullableF0.36[0.3/14]? U band 0.36 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Ufloatnullablee_F0.36? Uncertainty in F0.36mJystat.errordoublenullableF0.44[0/160000]? B band 0.44 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Bdoublenullablee_F0.44? Uncertainty in F0.44mJystat.errordoublenullableF0.55[0/96000]? V band 0.55 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Vdoublenullablee_F0.55? Uncertainty in F0.55mJystat.errordoublenullableF0.64[0/7100]? R band 0.64 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Rdoublenullablee_F0.64? Uncertainty in F0.64mJystat.errordoublenullableF0.665[0/1800]? H{alpha} 0.665 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux;em.line.Halphadoublenullablee_F0.665? Uncertainty in F0.665mJystat.errordoublenullableF0.79[0.02/9400]? I band 0.79 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_F0.79? Uncertainty in F0.79mJystat.errordoublenullableF0.914[0.09/1900]? HST/WFPC 0.914um flux densitymJyphot.mag;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_F0.914? Uncertainty in F0.914mJystat.errordoublenullableF0.96[0.08/11000]? z band 0.96 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_F0.96? Uncertainty in F0.96mJystat.errordoublenullableF3.4[26/24000]? L band 3.4 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.3-4umintnullablee_F3.4? Uncertainty in F3.4mJystat.errorfloatnullableF5.0[21000/34000]? M band 5.0 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umintnullablee_F5.0? Uncertainty in F5.0mJystat.errorintnullableF6.7[6/910]? ISO 6.7 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_F6.7? Uncertainty in F6.7mJystat.errorfloatnullableF12[0.1/220000]? WISE 12 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_F12? Uncertainty in F12mJystat.errordoublenullableF14[6/1400]? ISO 14 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_F14? Uncertainty in F14mJystat.errorfloatnullableF22[1/540000]? WISE 22 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_F22? Uncertainty in F22mJystat.errorfloatnullableF160[600/51000]? Spitzer/MIPS 160um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzintnullablee_F160? Uncertainty in F160mJystat.errorintnullableF350[400/190000]? SHARC-II 350um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzintnullablee_F350? Uncertainty in F350mJystat.errorintnullableF450[60/269000]? SCUBA 450 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.400-750GHzintnullablee_F450? Uncertainty in F450mJystat.errorfloatnullableF850[8/29000]? SCUBA 850 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatnullablee_F850? Uncertainty in F850mJystat.errorfloatnullableF1100[57/6500]? Literature 1100um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzintnullablee_F1100? Uncertainty in F1100mJystat.errorfloatnullableF1200[45/1900]? Literature 1200um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.100-200GHzintnullablee_F1200? Uncertainty in F1200mJystat.errorfloatnullableF1300[26/680]? Literature 1300um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.100-200GHzintnullablee_F1300? Uncertainty in F1300mJystat.errorfloatnullableSEDmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from Spitzer name (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from Spitzer name (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main