J/ApJS/219/33ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/219/33doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22190033CDSGagne J.Faherty J.K.Cruz K.L.Lafreniere D.Doyon R.Malo L.,Burgasser A.J.Naud M.-E.Artigau E.Bouchard S.Gizis J.E.Albert L.2017-12-06T07:38:21Z2015-11-04T14:47:29ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frlate-type-starsinfrared-astronomyspectroscopystellar-spectral-typesstellar-agesstellar-massesstellar-radiieffective-temperaturesurveysWe present the results of a near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic follow-up survey of 182 M4-L7 low-mass stars and brown dwarfs (BDs) from the BANYAN All-Sky Survey (BASS) for candidate members of nearby, young moving groups (YMGs). We confirm signs of low gravity for 42 new BD discoveries with estimated masses between 8 and 75M_Jup_ and identify previously unrecognized signs of low gravity for 24 known BDs. We refine the fraction of low-gravity dwarfs in the high-probability BASS sample to ~82%. We use this unique sample of 66 young BDs, supplemented with 22 young BDs from the literature, to construct new empirical NIR absolute magnitude and color sequences for low-gravity BDs. We show that low-resolution NIR spectroscopy alone cannot differentiate between the ages of YMGs younger than ~120Myr, and that the BT-Settl atmosphere models do not reproduce well the dust clouds in field or low-gravity L-type dwarfs. We obtain a spectroscopic confirmation of low gravity for 2MASS J14252798-3650229, which is a new ~27M_Jup_, L4 {gamma} bona fide member of AB Doradus. We identify a total of 19 new low-gravity candidate members of YMGs with estimated masses below 13M_Jup_, 7 of which have kinematically estimated distances within 40pc. These objects will be valuable benchmarks for a detailed atmospheric characterization of planetary-mass objects with the next generation of instruments. We find 16 strong candidate members of the Tucana-Horologium association with estimated masses between 12.5 and 14M_Jup_, a regime where our study was particularly sensitive. This would indicate that for this association there is at least one isolated object in this mass range for every 17.5_-5.0_^+6.6^ main-sequence stellar member, a number significantly higher than expected based on standard log-normal initial mass function, however, in the absence of radial velocity and parallax measurements for all of them, it is likely that this over-density is caused by a number of young interlopers from other associations.2015ApJS..219...33Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/219/33CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)J/AJ/149/158 : The BUD sample. I. L dwarf activity sample (Schmidt+, 2015)J/MNRAS/447/1267 : Low-mass members of the Octans association (Murphy+, 2015)J/ApJ/798/73 : BANYAN All-Sky Survey (BASS). V. Nearby YMGs (Gagne+, 2015)J/AJ/147/146 : Spectroscopy of Tuc-Hor candidate members (Kraus+, 2014)J/ApJ/786/29 : Catalog of distances to molecular clouds (Schlafly+, 2014)J/AJ/147/94 : Solar neighborhood. XXXII. L and M dwarfs (Dieterich+, 2014)J/A+A/564/A55 : 1.1-2.4um spectra of 7 young M & L dwarfs (Manjavacas+, 2014)J/ApJ/783/121 : BANYAN II. Nearby young assoc. cand. members (Gagne+, 2014)J/AJ/147/34 : SpeX library of L-type dwarfs (Schneider+, 2014)J/ApJ/777/160 : NIR survey for planets around MG stars (Biller+, 2013)J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors & temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)J/PASP/125/809 : New nearby M, L, and T dwarfs (Thompson+, 2013)J/MNRAS/433/457 : 76 T dwarfs from the UKIDSS LAS (Burningham+, 2013)J/ApJS/205/6 : T dwarf population revealed by WISE (Mace+, 2013)J/ApJ/762/88 : Young stellar kinematic group candidate members (Malo+, 2013)J/ApJ/758/56 : Young M dwarfs within 25pc. II. Kinematics (Shkolnik+, 2012)J/AJ/144/99 : Near-IR spectroscopy of 36 late M dwarfs (Deshpande+, 2012)J/ApJ/753/156 : T/Y brown dwarfs with WISE photometry (Kirkpatrick+, 2012)J/AJ/143/80 : Low-mass stars of beta Pic & AB Dor groups (Schlieder+, 2012)J/ApJ/723/684 : NIRSPEC ultracool dwarf radial velocity survey (Blake+, 2010)J/AJ/139/1808 : Colors and kinematics of SDSS L dwarfs (Schmidt+, 2010)J/A+A/512/A37 : Velocities of 43 nearby L dwarfs (Seifahrt+, 2010)J/ApJ/710/1142 : SpeX spectroscopy of low mass binaries. I. (Burgasser+, 2010)J/ApJ/705/1416 : Volume-limited sample of M7-M9.5 dwarfs (Reiners+, 2009)J/ApJ/689/1295 : Lithium test implications for BD* (Kirkpatrick+, 2008)J/AJ/136/1290 : Ultracool dwarfs from the 2MASS (Reid+, 2008)J/AJ/135/785 : SDSS-DR5 low-mass star spectroscopic sample (West+, 2008)J/MNRAS/383/831 : New DENIS nearby L and late-M dwarfs (Phan-Bao+, 2008)J/AJ/133/2258 : Activity and kinematics of ultracool dwarfs (Schmidt+, 2007)J/AJ/133/439 : Luminosity function of M7-L8 ultracool dwarfs (Cruz+, 2007)J/ApJ/637/1067 : NIR spectral classification of T dwarfs (Burgasser+, 2006)J/AJ/130/1871 : Spectroscopic survey of M dwarfs (Bochanski+, 2005)J/A+A/430/165 : Radial velocities for 6691 K and M giants (Famaey+, 2005)J/AJ/127/3553 : JHK photometry & spectro. for L and T dwarfs (Knapp+, 2004)J/AJ/126/3007 : Spectroscopy of faint red NLTT dwarfs (Reid+, 2003)J/AJ/126/2421 : 2MASS-Selected sample of ultracool dwarfs (Cruz+, 2003)J/AJ/125/3302 : HST binary very low mass stars & brown dwarfs (Gizis+, 2003)http://www.dwarfarchives.org/ : DwarfArchives.org home pagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/219/33https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/219/33http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/219/33https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/219/33https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/219/33http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/219/33GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/219/33/table8 (Physical parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/219/33/table8?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/219/33/table8?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/219/33/table8?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true43.499166732.11036110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/219/33/table4 (Spectral classification, low gravity, and young moving group (YMG) membership)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/219/33/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/219/33/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/219/33/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true53.758666723.70988890.0055555555555555566/221 223 250 322 439 483 496 544 733 749 763 968 1154 2044 2255 2659 2784 3764 4116 4253 4425 4453 4651 4689 4709 4719 4739 4825 4838 5065 5659 5666 5854 5919 6382 6601 6613 6625 6783 7033 7162 7204 7220 7364 7369 7533 7821 8348 8402 8625 8727 8746 8794 9072 9146 9385 9715 9784 9914 9986 10114 10654 11164 11292 11453 11587 11656 12380 12430 12466 12541 12579 13341 13455 13664 13678 15085 15250 15887 16345 16424 16440 16459 16514 16609 16634 16850 16867 16873 16983 16997 17075 17156 17171 17244 17268 17297 17501 17530 17594 17602 17729 17744 17761 17786 18032 18056 18124 18155 18166 18266 18571 18594 18683 18696 18711 18719 18741 18782 18866 18897 19228 19471 19697 19721 19747 19748 19763 19813 19857 19895 20141 20374 20415 20591 20636 20996 21093 21100 21143 21166 21171 21274 21402 21428 21436 21660 21786 21859 21964 21971 22355 22561 22672 22691 22854 22866 22886 22937 22950 23003 23007 23010 23212 23289 23471 23551 24102 24194 24566 24580 24581 24627 24632 24644 24716 24724 24734 24772 24893 25015 25044 25253 25266 25314 25463 26008 26196 26300 26418 26786 27058 27201 27414 27514 27698 28149 28277 28316 28346 28530 29350 29421 29987 30061 30749 30833 30919 31011 31062 31097 31657 31871 32284 32426 32596 32650 32829 32830 33166 33377 33443 33455 33467 33599 33682 33714 33767 33791 33994 34301 34303 34373 34406 34428 34494 34529 34645 34649 34780 34818 34827 34885 34895 34911 34927 34961 35149 35202 35387 35471 35484 35495 35499 35518 35630 35669 35768 35881 35906 35907 35920 35943 35945 36054 36098 36129 36134 36237 36253 36602 36623 36727 36740 36951 36956 36972 37010 37045 37062 37090 37498 38231 38340 38352 38369 38683 38776 38813 38850 38903 38919 38990 39044 39079 39148 39440 39482 39623 40084 40308 40738 40743 40882 42270 42738 42970 42981 42983 42989 43475 43575 43625 43628 43698 43701 43718 43731 43742 43962 43977 44143 44314 44492 44603 44807 45110 45179 45238 45367 45416 45457 45492 45527 45540 45564 45690 45774 45959 45963 45964 46026 46094 46115 46188 46279 46376 46377 46549 46640 46671 46744 46753 46846 46854 46948 47161 47220 47367 47472 47486 47742 47979 48161 48171 48175 48349 48409 48455 48540 48643 48759 48878 48957 49036 49139 491401.5062136169708525e-19 1.7003137259100215e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/219/33?format=asciiInfraredOpticaldefaultJ/ApJS/219/33/table1Observing log of candidate membersRes[90/6000] Resolving powerspect.resolutionintTelTelescopemeta.id;instr.telcharInstInstrumentmeta.id;instrcharSlit[0.5/1] Slit widtharcsecspect.line.widthfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSSurvey (S= BASS or LP-BASS; p=PRE-BASS)meta.bibchar2MASS2MASS designation HHMMSSss+DDMMSSs; J2000meta.id;meta.maincharm_2MASS2MASS componentsmeta.code.multipcharJmag[9/17.1] 2MASS J-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.JfloatDateObservation datetime.epoch;obsnullableDate2Second date of observationtime.epoch;obsnullableDate3? Third date of observation (day)time.epoch;obsintnullableExp[120/16000] Total exposure timestime.duration;obs.exposureintN[1/64] Number of exposuresmeta.numberintJ/ApJS/219/33/table5Equivalent widths and spectral indicesEWKI3[0.2/6.7]? KI 1.244um equivalent width ({AA})0.1nmspect.line.eqWidth;em.IR.JfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGi=intermediate gravity ({beta}) or l=very low-gravity ({gamma} or {delta})meta.codechar2MASS2MASS designation (HHMMSSss+DDMMSSs; J2000)meta.id;meta.maincharm_2MASS2MASS componentmeta.code.multipcharSpTMK spectral typesrc.spTypecharEWNaI[3.7/12.8]? NaI 1.138um equivalent width ({AA})0.1nmspect.line.eqWidth;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_EWNaI[0.1/2.5]? EWNaI uncertainty0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableEWKI1[-0.4/6.8]? KI 1.169um equivalent width ({AA})0.1nmspect.line.eqWidth;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_EWKI1[0.2/2]? EWKI1 uncertainty0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableEWKI2[0.5/8.8]? KI 1.177um equivalent width ({AA})0.1nmspect.line.eqWidth;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_EWKI2[0.1/2.1]? EWKI2 uncertainty0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullablee_EWKI3[0.2/3.8]? EWKI3 uncertainty0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableEWKI4[0.4/5.6]? KI 1.253um equivalent width ({AA})0.1nmspect.line.eqWidth;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_EWKI4[0.1/2.1]? EWKI4 uncertainty0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableFeHz[0.9/1.3]? FeH_z_ spectral index (1)spect.indexfloatnullablee_FeHz[0.01/0.2]? FeHz uncertaintystat.errorfloatnullableVOz[0.9/1.4] VO_z_ spectral index (1)spect.indexfloate_VOz[0.01/0.05] VOz uncertaintystat.errorfloatFeHJ[1/1.3]? FeH_J_ spectral index (1)spect.indexfloatnullablee_FeHJ[0.01/0.04]? FeHJ uncertaintystat.errorfloatnullableKIJ[1/1.2]? KI_J_ spectral index (1)spect.indexfloatnullablee_KIJ[0.01/0.04]? KIJ uncertaintystat.errorfloatnullableHc[0.9/1.1]? H-cont spectral index (1)spect.indexfloatnullablee_Hc[0.01/0.02]? Hc uncertaintystat.errorfloatnullableJ/ApJS/219/33/table9Potential isolated planetary-mass objectsRef[1/8] Reference (1)meta.ref;pos.frameintSpTMK spectral typesrc.spTypecharSampleSource samplesrc.samplecharYMGMoving group (G1)meta.id.parentcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint2MASS2MASS designation (HHMMSSss+DDMMSSs; J2000)meta.id;meta.maincharMass[6.5/13] Estimated mass(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.massfloatE_Mass[0.3/1.4] Positive error on Mass(1.898187x10+27kg)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Mass[0.4/2] Negative error on Mass(1.898187x10+27kg)stat.error;phys.massfloatDist[7/81] Kinematic distance (2)pcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatE_Dist[2/9] Positive error on Distpcstat.error;stat.maxfloate_Dist[2/8] Negative error on Distpcstat.errorfloatf_Dist[b] b: Trigonometric distancemeta.codecharJ/ApJS/219/33/refsReferencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference codemeta.noteintBibCodeBibcodemeta.bib.bibcodecharAutAuthor's name(s)meta.bib.authorcharCommCatalog's reference in VizieRmeta.notecharJ/ApJS/219/33/table8Physical parametersSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTypeObject descriptionmeta.notechar2MASS2MASS designation (HHMMSSss+DDMMSSs; J2000)meta.id;meta.maincharm_2MASS2MASS componentmeta.code.multipcharSpTMK spectral typesrc.spTypecharAgeLo[5/110]? Lower YMG age range (1)Myrtime.age;stat.minintnullableAgeHi[15/500]? Upper YMG age range (1)Myrtime.age;stat.maxintnullableMass[6.5/189.1]? Estimated mass (2)(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.massfloatnullableE_Mass? Upper limit uncertainty in Mass(1.898187x10+27kg)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Mass? Lower limit uncertainty in Mass(1.898187x10+27kg)stat.error;phys.massfloatnullableRad[0.8/4.4]? Estimated radius(7.1492x10+7m)phys.size.radiusfloatnullableE_Rad? Upper limit uncertainty in Rad(7.1492x10+7m)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Rad? Lower limit uncertainty in Rad(7.1492x10+7m)stat.errorfloatnullableTeff[1200/3100]? Estimated effective temperature (3)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintnullablee_Teff? Uncertainty in TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintnullablelog(g)[3/5.5]? Estimated log surface gravity (4)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatnullablee_log(g)? Uncertainty in log(g)log(cm.s**-2)stat.errorfloatnullablePapVDisplay data from paper V (Gagne+, 2015, J/ApJ/783/121) within 1"meta.ref.urlintnullableSpLink to spectral classifications and membershipmeta.ref.urlintnullablePapIIDisplay data from paper II (Gagne+, 2015, J/ApJ/798/73) if anymeta.ref.urlintnullable_RAPositions from 2MASS names (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from 2MASS names (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJS/219/33/table4Spectral classification, low gravity, and young moving group (YMG) membershipPLink to physical parametersmeta.ref.urlintnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMmMember description code (1)meta.codeint2MASS2MASS designation (HHMMSSss+DDMMSSs; J2000)meta.id;meta.maincharprimarym_2MASS2MASS componentmeta.code.multipcharJmag[8.3/17.1] 2MASS J band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.JfloatSpT-OLOptical MK spectral type from literature (2)src.spTyper_SpT-OLReference(s) for SpType-OL (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.framecharSpT-NLNIR MK spectral type from literature (2)src.spTyper_SpT-NLReference(s) for SpType-NL (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.framecharSpT-H2OMK spectral type from H_2_O indicessrc.spTypeSpTAdopted MK spectral typesrc.spTypeClassIndex-based gravity class (3)meta.code.classcharScoreIndex-based gravity score (3)meta.code.classcharMm-LYMG membership from the literature (G1)meta.code.membercharr_Mm-LReference(s) for Mem-L (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.framecharMm-UUpdated BASS YMG membership (G1)(4)meta.code.membercharl_BPLimit flag on BPmeta.code.errorcharBP? Bayesian probability for YMG membership%statfloatnullablel_CPLimit flag on CPmeta.code.errorcharCP? Probability object is a field contaminant (5)%statfloatnullableCatSource catalogmeta.id;meta.tablecharf_Cat[f] f = Low-probability Samplemeta.codecharPapVDisplay data from paper V (Gagne+, 2015, J/ApJ/783/121) within 1"meta.ref.urlintnullableObsLink to observing log of candidate members if anymeta.ref.urlintnullableEWLink to equivalent widths measures if anymeta.ref.urlintnullablepMSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlintnullablePapIIDisplay data from paper II (Gagne+, 2015, J/ApJ/798/73) if anymeta.ref.urlintnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idchar_RAPositions from 2MASS names (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from 2MASS names (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main