J/ApJS/211/4ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/211/4doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22110004CDSRedman S.L.Nave G.Sansonetti C.J.2021-08-10T12:38:23Z2014-05-12T15:57:33ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fratomic-physicsspectroscopyWe have made precise observations of a thorium-argon hollow cathode lamp emission spectrum in the region between 350nm and 1175nm using a high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer. Our measurements are combined with results from seven previously published thorium line lists to re-optimize the energy levels of neutral, singly, and doubly ionized thorium (Th I, Th II, and Th III). Using the optimized level values, we calculate accurate Ritz wavelengths for 19874 thorium lines between 250nm and 5500nm (40000/cm to 1800/cm). We have also found 102 new thorium energy levels. A systematic analysis of previous measurements in light of our new results allows us to identify and propose corrections for systematic errors in Palmer & Engleman (1983ats..book.....P) and typographical errors and incorrect classifications in Kerber et al. (2008ApJS..178..374K). We also found a large scatter with respect to the thorium line list of Lovis & Pepe (Cat. J/A+A/468/1115). We anticipate that our Ritz wavelengths will lead to improved measurement accuracy for current and future spectrographs that make use of thorium-argon or thorium-neon lamps as calibration standards.2014ApJS..211....4Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/211/4CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toJ/A+A/468/1115 : Thorium and argon lines in the visible (Lovis+, 2007)J/AJ/141/62 : M5 chemical abundances for evolved stars (Lai+, 2011)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/211/4https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/211/4http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/211/4https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/211/4https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/211/4http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/211/4GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapdefaultJ/ApJS/211/4/table7Optimized thorium energy levelsJPossible J level(s)phys.mol.qncharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIon[I II III] Ion stage (I=neutral)phys.atmol.ionStagenullableP[eo] Parity, even or oddphys.atmol.paritycharIDEnergy level tag; energy_J_paritymeta.id;meta.maincharE[0/66427.2] Energycm**-1phys.energy;phys.atmol.leveldoublee_E[0/0.018] Uncertainty in Ecm**-1stat.errordoubleN[1/198] Number of lines usedmeta.numberintJ/ApJS/211/4/table6Thorium line listrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRsigma[1846/42625] Ritz wavenumbercm**-1em.wavenumberdoublee_RsigmaUncertainty in Rsigmacm**-1stat.errordoubleRlambda[2346/54147] Ritz vacuum wavelength {lambda}nmem.wl;phys.atmol.transitiondoublee_RlambdaUncertainty in Rlambdanmstat.errordoubleIon[I II III] Ion stage (I=neutral)phys.atmol.ionStagenullableInt[0/53000] Relative intensityspect.line.intensity;arith.ratiointID1Lower energy level tag; energy, J, parityphys.energy;phys.atmol.levelcharID2Upper energy level tag; energy, J, parityphys.energy;phys.atmol.levelcharsigma[1846/42625] Measured wavenumber {sigma}cm**-1em.wavenumberdoublee_sigma[0/0.015] Uncertainty in sigmacm**-1stat.errordoubleRefSource (1)meta.bibcharNoteAdditional note (2)meta.notecharJ/ApJS/211/4/table1Our new thorium measurementsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintsigma[8530.4/26995.8] Wavenumber {sigma}cm**-1em.freqdoublee_sigmaUncertainty in sigmacm**-1stat.errordoublelambda[370.4/1172.3] Vacuum wavelength {lambda}nmem.wl;phys.atmol.transitiondoublee_lambdaUncertainty in Vsigmanmstat.errordoubleWidth[13/154] Line width0.001cm**-1spect.line.widthintSN[2/99] Measure signal-to-noisestat.snrintIonSpecies identifierphys.atmol.ionStagecharE1? Odd level energycm**-1phys.energy;phys.atmol.levelintnullableJ1Odd J level designationphys.mol.qncharnullableE0? Even level energycm**-1phys.energy;phys.atmol.levelintnullableJ0Even J level designationphys.mol.qncharDiff? Difference between this study and Ritz wavenumbers {Delta}{sigma}cm**-1obs.param;arith.diffdoublenullableNoteAdditional note (1)meta.notecharJ/ApJS/211/4/table4New Thorium energy levelsJList of possible J valuesphys.mol.qncharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIon[I II] Ion stage (I=neutral)phys.atmol.ionStagenullableP[eo] Parity, even or oddphys.atmol.paritycharEEnergy levelcm**-1phys.energy;phys.atmol.leveldoublee_EEnergy uncertaintycm**-1stat.errorfloatNNumber of lines used to derive the levelmeta.numberintJ/ApJS/211/4/table5Newly identified neon lines from Palmer & Engleman (1983ats..book.....P)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPsigma[7839.3/36265.7] The Palmer & Engleman (1983ats..book.....P) wavenumbercm**-1em.wavenumberdoublee_PsigmaUncertainty in Psigmacm**-1stat.errordoubleOsigma[7839.3/36265.7] Observed Neon wavenumbercm**-1em.wavenumberdoublee_OsigmaUncertainty in Osigmacm**-1stat.errorfloatRsigma[7902.5/36265.7]? Ritz wavenumbercm**-1em.wavenumberdoublenullablee_Rsigma? Uncertainty in Rsigmacm**-1stat.errorfloatnullableRefSource(s) (1)meta.bibcharIon[I II] Ionization state (I=neutral or II)phys.atmol.ionStagenullableNote[or] Line matches Observed (o) or Ritz (r) wavenumber (blank is both)meta.notechar