J/ApJS/186/111ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/186/111doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.21860111CDSLuhman K.L.Allen P.R.Espaillat C.Hartmann L.Calvet N.2017-09-29T09:03:30Z2016-05-03T17:01:02ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fryoung-stellar-objectsinfrared-photometrystellar-spectral-typesWe have analyzed nearly all images of the Taurus star-forming region at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, 8.0, and 24{mu}m that were obtained during the cryogenic mission of the Spitzer Space Telescope (46deg^2^) and have measured photometry for all known members of the region that are within these data, corresponding to 348 sources, or 99% of the known stellar population. By combining these measurements with previous observations with the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph and other facilities, we have classified the members of Taurus according to whether they show evidence of circumstellar disks and envelopes (classes I, II, and III). Through these classifications, we find that the disk fraction in Taurus, N(II)/N(II+III), is ~75% for solar-mass stars and declines to ~45% for low-mass stars and brown dwarfs (0.01-0.3M_{sun}_). Through an analysis of multiple epochs of Spitzer photometry that are available for ~200 Taurus members, we find that stars with disks exhibit significantly greater mid-infrared (mid-IR) variability than diskless stars, which agrees with the results of similar variability measurements for a smaller sample of stars in Chamaeleon I. The variability fraction for stars with disks is higher in Taurus than in Chamaeleon I, indicating that the IR variability of disks decreases with age. Finally, we have used our data in Taurus to refine the observational criteria for primordial, evolved, and transitional disks. The ratio of the number of evolved and transitional disks to the number of primordial disks in Taurus is 15/98 for spectral types of K5-M5, indicating a timescale of 0.15x{tau}_primordial_~0.45Myr for the clearing of the inner regions of optically thick disks.2010ApJS..186..111Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/186/111CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/244 : Atlas and Catalog of Dark Clouds (Dobashi+, 2005)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)J/ApJS/216/26 : T Tauri in Taurus-Auriga with GALEX (Gomez de Castro+, 2015)J/ApJ/805/57 : Atmosphere parameters for PMS & BDs (Tottle+, 2015)J/ApJ/745/119 : Close companions to young stars. I. ChaI + Tau (Nguyen+, 2012)J/ApJS/196/4 : New young star candidates in Taurus-Auriga (Rebull+, 2011)J/ApJS/186/259 : Taurus Spitzer survey: new candidate members (Rebull+, 2010)J/ApJS/184/18 : Spitzer survey of young stellar clusters (Gutermuth+, 2009)J/ApJS/181/321 : Properties of Spitzer c2d dark clouds (Evans+, 2009)J/ApJS/176/457 : Taurus dark cloud background star catalog (Shenoy+, 2008)J/ApJ/689/1295 : Lithium test implications for BDs (Kirkpatrick+, 2008)J/ApJ/675/1375 : IRAC/MIPS photometry in Cha I (Luhman+, 2008)J/PASP/119/994 : MIPS 24um calibrators (Engelbracht+, 2007)J/A+A/468/353 : XMM-Newton Extended Survey of Taurus (Guedel+, 2007)J/AJ/133/439 : Luminosity function of M7-L8 ultracool dwarfs (Cruz+, 2007)J/AJ/132/2665 : QUEST2 BRI photometry of Taurus-Auriga PMS (Slesnick+, 2006)J/ApJ/647/1180 : Infrared photometry of Taurus SFR (Luhman+, 2006)J/ApJ/645/676 : Spatial distribution of brown dwarfs in Taurus (Luhman+, 2006)J/A+A/446/485 : New very low-mass members in Taurus (Guieu+, 2006)J/AJ/129/2294 : RVs of weak-lines T Tauri stars (Massarotti+, 2005)J/ApJ/620/1010 : Spitzer 24{mu}m photometry of A dwarfs (Rieke+, 2005)J/ApJ/578/914 : Low-mass stars in Taurus (Hartmann, 2002)J/A+A/337/403 : Low-mass stars evolutionary models (Baraffe+ 1998)J/A+A/312/439 : New T Tauri stars in Taurus-Auriga (Wichmann+, 1996)J/ApJS/101/117 : UBVRIJHKLMNQ photometry in Taurus-Auriga (Kenyon+ 1995)http://sha.ipac.caltech.edu/applications/Spitzer/SHA/ : Spitzer Heritagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/186/111https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/186/111http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/186/111https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/186/111https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/186/111http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/186/111GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/186/111/table7 (Spectral slopes for members of Taurus)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/186/111/table7?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/186/111/table7?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/186/111/table7?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true60.9554526.18111940.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/186/111/table1 (IRAC observing log)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/186/111/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/186/111/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/186/111/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true71.6762524.9827780.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/186/111/table2 (MIPS 24um observing log)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/186/111/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/186/111/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/186/111/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true67.91916718.1458330.0055555555555555565/262 263 265 268 270 292 5887 6/325 326 332 336 337 342 347 350 368 370 377 1029 1030 1031 1033 1036 1037 1039 1040 1042 1043 1046 1047 1057 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1071 1076 1078 1079 1084 1085 1086 1110 1111 1113 1114 1115 1120 1123 1124 1126 1129 1132 1136 1154 1156 1157 1159 1164 1175 1176 1179 1180 1181 1182 23517 23518 23533 23535 23542 23543 24195 24200 24201 24203 24204 24219 24221 24222 24226 24232 24238 24239 24244 24245 24294 24295 24300https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/186/111?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJS/186/111/table7Spectral slopes for members of TaurusSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharClSED classsrc.classcharl_SpTLimit flag on SpTmeta.code.errorcharSpTMK spectral type (1)src.spTypecharf_SpT[c] Flag on SpT (2)meta.codecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint2MASS2MASS identifier (II/246) if any (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)meta.id;meta.maincharNameCommon name if anymeta.idchar2-8um[-2.8/2.3]? 2-8um observed {alpha} slope (3)spect.indexfloatnullable2-8um0? 2-8um {alpha} slope; dereddened (3)spect.indexfloatnullable2-24um[-2.9/1.4]? 2-24um observed {alpha} slope (3)spect.indexfloatnullable2-24um0? 2-24um {alpha} slope; dereddened (3)spect.indexfloatnullablef_2-24um[b] Flag on 2-24um (2)meta.codechar3.6-8um[-2.9/2.2]? 3.6-8um observed {alpha} slope (3)spect.indexfloatnullable3.6-8um0? 3.6-8um {alpha} slope; dereddened (3)spect.indexfloatnullable3.6-24um[-3/2.3]? 3.6-24um observed {alpha} slope (3)spect.indexfloatnullable3.6-24um0? 3.6-24um {alpha} slope; dereddened (3)spect.indexfloatnullablef_3.6-24um[b] Flag on 3.6-24um (2)meta.codechar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJS/186/111/table4IRAC photometry for members of TaurusrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint2MASS2MASS identifier (II/246) if any (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)meta.id;meta.maincharNameCommon name if anymeta.idcharAp[15/70]? Aperture radius (1pixel=0.86"); only for table 5pixphys.angSize;srcintnullable3.6mag[5.8/15.4]? Spitzer/IRAC [3.6] band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_3.6mag[0.02/0.3]? 3.6mag uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatnullablef_3.6magFlag on 3.6mag (1)meta.codechar4.5mag[5/13.9]? Spitzer/IRAC [4.5] band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_4.5mag[0.02/0.2]? 4.5mag uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatnullablef_4.5magFlag on 4.5mag (1)meta.codechar5.8mag[2.5/13.7]? Spitzer/IRAC [5.8] band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_5.8mag[0.03/0.3]? 5.8mag uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatnullablef_5.8magFlag on 5.8mag (1)meta.codechar8.0mag[2.7/13.9]? 8.0mag uncertaintymagphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_8.0mag[0.03/0.2]? 8.0mag uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatnullablef_8.0magFlag on 8.0mag (1)meta.codecharDateObservation datetime.epoch;obsnullableJ/ApJS/186/111/table5IRAC photometry for members of Taurus with extended emissionrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint2MASS2MASS identifier (II/246) if any (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)meta.id;meta.maincharNameCommon name if anymeta.idcharAp[15/70]? Aperture radius (1pixel=0.86"); only for table 5pixphys.angSize;srcintnullable3.6mag[5.8/15.4]? Spitzer/IRAC [3.6] band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_3.6mag[0.02/0.3]? 3.6mag uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatnullablef_3.6magFlag on 3.6mag (1)meta.codechar4.5mag[5/13.9]? Spitzer/IRAC [4.5] band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_4.5mag[0.02/0.2]? 4.5mag uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatnullablef_4.5magFlag on 4.5mag (1)meta.codechar5.8mag[2.5/13.7]? Spitzer/IRAC [5.8] band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_5.8mag[0.03/0.3]? 5.8mag uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatnullablef_5.8magFlag on 5.8mag (1)meta.codechar8.0mag[2.7/13.9]? 8.0mag uncertaintymagphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_8.0mag[0.03/0.2]? 8.0mag uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatnullablef_8.0magFlag on 8.0mag (1)meta.codecharDateObservation datetime.epoch;obsnullableJ/ApJS/186/111/table6MIPS 24um photometry for members of TaurusrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint2MASS2MASS identifier (II/246) if any (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)meta.id;meta.maincharNameCommon name if anymeta.idcharf_Name[b] b = 2MASS J04142639+2805597meta.codechar24mag[0.5/9.9]? Spitzer/MIPS [24] band magnitude (1)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_24mag[0.04/0.3]? 24mag uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatnullablef_24magFlag on 24mag (s=saturation or o=outside the field of view)meta.codecharDateObservation datetime.epoch;obsnullableJ/ApJS/186/111/table1IRAC observing logrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintAOR[3653120/26476800] Spitzer AOR numbermeta.id;obsintPID[6/50584] Spitzer program IDmeta.id;obsintDateUT date of the observationtime.epoch;obsnullableRAJ2000[4/5] 3.6/5.8 center hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[15/31] 3.6/5.8 center degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainRA8[4/5] 4.5/8.0 center hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.raDE8[15/31] 4.5/8.0 center degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.decDim1[5/95] Dimension 1arcminphys.sizefloatDim2[5/199] Dimension 2arcminphys.sizefloatPA[77/177.5] Position angle of the long axis of the mapdegpos.posAngfloatExp[10/241.2] Total exposure time for each position and filterstime.duration;obs.exposurefloatHDRHDR: 0.4s exposure was also obtainedmeta.codecharJ/ApJS/186/111/table2MIPS 24um observing logrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintAOR[3662080/24248576] Spitzer AOR numbermeta.id;obsintPID[6/40844] Spitzer program IDmeta.id;obsintDateUT date of the observationtime.epoch;obsnullableRAJ2000[4/5] 24um center hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[15/31] 24um center degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainDim1[5/111] Dimension 1arcminphys.sizefloatDim2[8/385.3] Dimension 2arcminphys.sizefloatPA[166.7/176] Position angle of the long axis of the mapdegpos.posAngfloatExp[15/950] Total exposure time for each positionstime.duration;obs.exposurefloat