J/ApJ/966/228ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/966/228doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/ba-y6-74CDSRevalski M.Rafelski M.Henry A.Fossati M.Fumagalli M.Dutta R.,Pirzkal N.Beckett A.Arrigoni Battaia F.Dayal P.D'Odorico V.,Lusso E.Nedkova K.V.Prichard L.J.Papovich C.Peroux C.2026-09-14T14:02:24Z2026-09-14T11:35:08ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesspectroscopyline-intensitiesredshiftedvisible-astronomyUsing more than 100 galaxies in the MUSE Ultra Deep Field with spectroscopy from the Hubble Space Telescope's (HST) WFC3 and the Very Large Telescope's Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE), we extend the gas-phase mass-metallicity relation (MZR) at z~1-2 down to stellar masses of M*~10^7.5^M_{sun}_. The sample reaches 6 times lower in stellar mass and star formation rate (SFR) than previous HST studies at these redshifts, and we find that galaxy metallicities decrease to log(O/H)+12~7.8+/-0.1 (15% solar) at log(M*/M_{sun}_)~7.5, without evidence of a turnover in the shape of the MZR at low masses. We validate our strong-line metallicities using the direct method for sources with [OIII]{lambda}4363 and [OIII]{lambda}1666 detections, and find excellent agreement between the techniques. The [OIII]{lambda}1666-based metallicities double existing measurements with a signal-to-noise ratio >=5 for unlensed sources at z>1, validating the strong-line calibrations up to z~2.5. We confirm that the MZR resides ~0.3dex lower in metallicity than local galaxies and is consistent with the fundamental metallicity relation if the low-mass slope varies with SFR. At lower redshifts (z~0.5) our sample reaches ~0.5dex lower in SFR than current calibrations and we find enhanced metallicities that are consistent with extrapolating the MZR to lower SFRs. Finally, we detect only an ~0.1dex difference in the metallicities of galaxies in groups versus isolated environments. These results are based on robust calibrations and reach the lowest masses and SFRs that are accessible with HST, providing a critical foundation for studies with the Webb and Roman Space Telescopes.2024ApJ...966..228Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/966/228CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/617/240 : Oxygen abundances in GOODS-North (Kobulnicky+, 2004)J/A+A/462/535 : Low-metallicity HII regions and galaxies (Yin+, 2007)J/ApJ/725/394 : High-redshift Ly{alpha} emitters (Hu+, 2010)J/ApJ/765/140 : Stacked spectra of SDSS star forming gal. (Andrews+, 2013)J/A+A/550/A115 : Oxygen abundances and properties of galaxies (Hughes+, 2013)J/ApJ/795/165 : Line ratios in z~2-3 gal. from KBSS-MOSFIRE (Steidel+, 2014)J/ApJS/225/27 : 3D-HST Survey: grism sp. master catalog (Momcheva+, 2016)J/ApJ/822/42 : z~3.3 star-forming galaxies NIR spectra (Onodera+, 2016)J/A+A/608/A8 : MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey. VIII (Leclercq+, 2017)J/MNRAS/474/1873 : Classification of LAMOST DR4 galaxies (Wang+, 2018)J/MNRAS/490/1451 : MUDF data of galaxy groups at 0.5<z<1.5 (Fossati+, 2019)J/A+A/624/A141 : MUSE-Wide Survey DR1 catalog (Urrutia+, 2019)J/ApJ/900/183 : HST NIR grism sp. of strong-lensing clusters (Wang+, 2020)J/ApJ/919/143 : HST-WFC3/IR grism sp. for CANDELS z~1-2 gal. (Henry+, 2021)J/ApJ/923/203 : CLEAR: HST grism obs. of CANDELS gal. (Simons+, 2021)J/ApJS/269/33 : JWST z=4-10 galaxy mass-metallicities (Nakajima+, 2023)J/ApJ/959/48 : Metallicities for em. line gal. from HALO7D (Pharo+, 2023)J/ApJS/265/40 : MUDF III. HST grism spectroscopy & imaging (Revalski+, 2023)http://archive.stsci.edu/hlsp/mudf : MUSE UDF homepage on MASThttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/966/228https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/966/228http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/966/228https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/966/228https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/966/228http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/966/228GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/966/228/spcat (*Spectroscopic catalog (Table 3))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/966/228/spcat?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/966/228/spcat?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/966/228/spcat?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true325.60000611-44.347711110.0055555555555555566/46651https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/966/228?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/966/228/spcat*Spectroscopic catalog (Table 3)objid[334/21102] Object ID (<[RRF2023] NNNNN> in Simbad) (objid)meta.id;meta.mainintf_FNII6585[0/5] Flag on FNII6585 (n2_6585_contam) (1)meta.codeintf_FSII6716[0/5] Flag on FSII6716 (s2_6716_contam) (1)meta.codeintSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintz[0.067/5.4] Redshift (redshift)src.redshiftdoublee_z[0/53.02] z uncertainty (redshift_error)stat.error;src.redshiftdoubleRAJ2000[325.56/325.64] Right ascension (J2000) (ra_obj)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-44.36/-44.3] Declination (J2000) (dec_obj)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainF140W[16.53/99] F140W AB magnitude (f140w_mag)magphot.mag;em.IR.JfloatAimg[0.8/29.6] Semimajor axis size (a_image_obj)pixphys.sizefloatBimg[0.5/16.33] Semiminor axis size (b_image_obj)pixphys.sizefloatSNR[0/2035.5] Flux-weighted signal-to-noise ratio of lines (snr_tot_others)stat.snrfloatChi2[0.07/491312] Chi^2^ if spectral fit (chisq)stat.fit.chi2;stat.fit.param;meta.modelleddoubleFWHMMUSE