J/ApJ/964/93ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/964/93CDSLiu D.Xu YeLi Y.Lin Z.Hao C.Yang W.Li J.Liu X.Dong Y.,Bian S.Kong D.2026-07-30T07:23:06Z2026-07-30T07:59:07ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frstar-forming-regionsyoung-stellar-objectsmolecular-physicsco-line-emissioninfrared-photometryproper-motionsWe identify a molecular bubble, and study the star formation and its feedback in the S Mon region, using multiple molecular lines, young stellar objects (YSOs), and infrared data. We revisit the distance to S Mon, ~722{\pm}9pc, using Gaia Data Release 3 parallaxes of the associated Class II YSOs. The bubble may be mainly driven by a massive binary system (namely 15 Mon), the primary of which is an O7V-type star. An outflow is detected in the shell of the bubble, suggesting ongoing star formation activities in the vicinity of the bubble. The total wind energy of the massive binary star is 3 orders of magnitude higher than the sum of the observed turbulent energy in the molecular gas and the kinetic energy of the bubble, indicating that stellar winds help to maintain the turbulence in the S Mon region and drive the bubble. We conclude that the stellar winds of massive stars have an impact on their surrounding environment.2024ApJ...964...93Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/964/93CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)VII/233 : 2MASS All-Sky Extended Source Catalog (XSC) (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)III/286 : APOGEE-2 DR17 final allStar catalog (Abdurro'uf+, 2022)J/ApJ/649/759 : Bubbles in the galactic disk (Churchwell+, 2006)J/AJ/131/1574 : Infrared photometry of IC348 members (Lada+, 2006)J/ApJ/676/1109 : Velocities of stars in Orion Nebula Cluster (Furesz+, 2008)J/AJ/135/441 : VRIH{alpha} photometry in NGC 2264 (Sung+, 2008)J/AJ/138/1116 : A Spitzer view of NGC 2264 (Sung+, 2009)J/ApJ/697/1103 : Kinematics of Orion Nebula Cluster (Tobin+, 2009)J/ApJS/209/32 : Probable young stars in the MYStIX project (Broos+, 2013)J/AJ/147/82 : Monitoring of disk-bearing stars in NGC 2264 (Cody+, 2014)J/ApJ/794/124 : Young region NGC 2264 Spitzer sources (Rapson+, 2014)J/ApJS/219/20 : Outflows and bubbles in Taurus (Li+, 2015)J/AJ/149/119 : Radial velocities of stars in NGC 2264 (Tobin+, 2015)J/A+A/589/A80 : APOGEE strings (Hacar+, 2016)J/A+A/619/A106 : 3D shape of Orion A from Gaia DR2 (Grossschedl+, 2018)J/ApJS/235/15 : CO obs. toward Gem OB1 MoC complex. II. (Li+, 2018)J/A+A/609/A10 : NGC2264 structure and star formation history (Venuti+, 2018)J/ApJS/235/3 : Massive outflows associated with ATLASGAL clumps (Yang+, 2018)J/A+A/625/A135 : Gal. interstellar dust Gaia-2MASS 3D maps (Lallement+, 2019)J/A+A/631/A3 : G202.3+2.5 position-velocity cubes (Montillaud+, 2019)J/ApJS/251/26 : CO outflow cand. toward W3/4/5 complex. II. (Li+, 2020)J/A+A/633/A51 : Distances to molecular clouds in SFR (Zucker+, 2020)J/A+A/645/A94 : NGC 2264 clumps column densities (Nony+, 2021)J/A+A/670/A37 : Spatial and dynamical structure of NGC2264 (Flaccomio+, 2023)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/964/93https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/964/93http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/964/93https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/964/93https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/964/93http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/964/93GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/964/93/table5 (YSO sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/964/93/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/964/93/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/964/93/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true100.01929.92720.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/964/93/table6 (Parameters of the O- and B-type stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/964/93/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/964/93/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/964/93/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true100.24449.89580.0055555555555555566/23637 236396.772611666688002e-21 1.7003137259100215e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/964/93?format=asciiInfraredRadiodefaultJ/ApJ/964/93/table5YSO samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[0/411] Sequential running identifier, this workmeta.id;meta.mainintGaia? Gaia DR3 identifiermeta.id.crossnullableRAJ2000[100/100.4] Right ascension (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[9.6/10.1] Declination (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainplx[-3.9/5.6]? Gaia DR3 parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloatnullablee_plx[0.01/3]? Uncertainty in the parallaxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatnullablepmRA[-22.3/10.5]? Proper motion in the RA directionmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchare_pmRA[0.01/2.2]? Uncertainty in pmRAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullablepmDE[-35.5/11.2]? Proper motion in the DEC directionmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullablee_pmDE[0.01/2]? Uncertainty in pmDEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullableVlsr[-115/30]? LSR velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.lsrfloatnullablee_Vlsr[0.04/0.8]? Uncertainty in LSR velocitykm/sstat.error;phys.veloc;pos.lsrfloatnullabler_Vlsr? Reference for the LSR velocity (4)meta.ref;phys.veloc;pos.lsrcharJmag[9.5/19]? 2MASS J band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag[0.01/0.07]? Uncertainty in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableHmag[9.2/17.7]? 2MASS H band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag[0.01/0.06]? Uncertainty in Hmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableKsmag[8.9/16.8]? 2MASS Ks band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Ksmag[0.01/0.07]? Uncertainty in Ksmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullable3.6mag[5.7/16.3]? Spitzer/IRAC 3.6 micron band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_3.6mag[0/0.2]? Uncertainty in 3.6magmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullable4.5mag[5.5/15.5]? Spitzer/IRAC 4.5 micron band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_4.5mag[0/0.2]? Uncertainty in 4.5magmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullable5.8mag[5.5/15.2]? Spitzer/IRAC 5.8 micron band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_5.8mag[0/0.3]? Uncertainty in 5.8magmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullable8.0mag[4/14.6]? Spitzer/IRAC 8.0 micron band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_8.0mag[0/1.6]? Uncertainty in 8.0magmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullable24mag[0.6/10.5]? Spitzer/MIPS 24 micron band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_24mag[0/1.4]? Uncertainty in 24magmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullableClass? Source classification (2)src.classcharOClass? Other source classification(s) (3)meta.code.class;src.classcharRefReference (4)meta.ref;pos.framecharJ/ApJ/964/93/clumpsObserved and physical parameters of the clumps (Tables 2 and 3)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClumpC18O-identified clump namemeta.id;meta.maincharTR12CO[17/30] Brightness temperature, 12CO (J=1-0) (1)Kphys.temperature;instr.beam;em.line.COfloatFWHM12CO[2/4] Full width Half Max of 12CO (J=1-0)km/sspect.line.width;em.line.COfloatVlsr12CO[8/11] Central velocity (LSR), 12CO (J=1-0)km/sphys.veloc;pos.lsr;em.line.COfloatTR13CO[6/11] Brightness temperature, 13CO (J=1-0) (1)Kphys.temperature;instr.beam;em.line.COfloatFWHM13CO[1/3] Full width Half Max of 13CO (J=1-0)km/sspect.line.width;em.line.COfloatVlsr13CO[8/11] Central velocity (LSR), 13CO (J=1-0)km/sphys.veloc;pos.lsr;em.line.COfloatTRC18O[1/3] Brightness temperature, C18O (J=1-0) (1)Kphys.temperature;instr.beam;em.line.COfloatFWHMC18O[0.4/0.8] Full width Half Max of C18O (J=1-0)km/sspect.line.width;em.line.COfloatVlsrC18O[8/11] Central velocity (LSR), C18O (J=1-0)km/sphys.veloc;pos.lsr;em.line.COfloatTRHCO[0.4/3] Brightness temperature, HCO+ (J=1-0) (1)Kphys.temperature;instr.beam;em.line.COfloatFWHMHCO[1.8/3] Full width Half Max of HCO+ (J=1-0)km/sspect.line.width;em.line.COfloatVlsrHCO[8/12] Central velocity (LSR), HCO+ (J=1-0)km/sphys.veloc;pos.lsr;em.line.COfloatTex[21/34] Excitation temperature of the clump (1)Kphys.excitParam;phys.temperaturefloatdclump[0.2/0.6] Diameter of the clump, parsecspcphys.size.diameterfloate_dclump[0.1] Uncertainty in dclumppcstat.error;phys.size.diameterfloatTmb[10/23] Integrated intensity of 13CO emissionK.km.s**-1spect.line.intensity;em.line.COfloatNH2[2.4/6.1] H2 density of the clump1e+20cm**-2phys.densityfloatMclump[5/25] Mass of the clumpsolMassphys.massfloate_Mclump[1/6] Uncertainty in MclumpsolMassstat.error;phys.massfloatEturb[1/5.2] Turbulent energy of the clump, 10+44erg1e-37Jphys.energyfloate_Eturb[0.3/1.2] Uncertainty in Eturb1e-37Jstat.error;phys.energyfloatEgravJ/ApJ/964/93/table6Parameters of the O- and B-type starsplx[1.2/3.6]? Gaia DR3 Parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloatnullablee_plx[0.02/0.5]? Uncertainty in plxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharGaia? Gaia DR3 identifiermeta.id.crossnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSimbad identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharf_NameFlag on 15 Mon (1)meta.codecharSpTSpectral Type from SIMBADsrc.spTypecharRAJ2000[100.1/100.4] Gaia DR3 Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[9.7/9.9] Gaia DR3 Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainpmRA[-2.7/-1]? Gaia DR3 Proper motion in RAmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullablee_pmRA[0.02/0.6]? Uncertainty in pmRAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullablepmDE[-4.3/-1.6]? Gaia DR3 Proper motion in DECmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullablee_pmDE[0.018/0.4]? Uncertainty in pmDEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullable