Li-rich stars with GALAH, Gaia and GALEX data J/ApJ/964/42 ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/964/42 CDS Sayeed M. Ness M.K. Montet B.T. Cantiello M. Casey A.R. Buder S.,Bedell M. Breivik K. Metzger B.D. Martell S.L. McGee-Gold L. 2026-07-28T09:11:06Z 2026-07-28T09:29:32Z CDS support team CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France cds-question@unistra.fr giant-stars surveys visible-astronomy spectroscopy infrared-astronomy ultraviolet-astronomy Stellar models predict that lithium (Li) inside a star is destroyed during the first dredge-up phase, yet 1.2% of red giant stars are Li-rich. We aim to uncover possible origins of this population, by analyzing 1099 Li-rich giants (A(Li)>=1.5) in GALAH DR3. To expose peculiar traits of Li-rich stars, we construct a reference sample of Li-normal (doppelganger) stars with matched evolutionary state and fiducial iron-peak and alpha-process abundances ([Fe/H] and [Mg/Fe]). Comparing Li-rich and doppelganger spectra reveals systematic differences in the H{alpha} and Ca-triplet line profiles associated with the velocity broadening measurement. We also find twice as many Li-rich stars appear to be fast rotators (2% with vbroad >~20km/s) compared to doppelgangers. On average, Li-rich stars have higher abundances than their doppelgangers, for a subset of elements, and Li-rich stars at the base of RGB have higher mean s-process abundances (>=0.05dex for Ba, Y, Zr), relative to their doppelgangers. External mass-transfer from intermediate-mass AGB companions could explain this signature. Additional companion analysis excludes binaries with mass ratios >~0.5 at >~7au. Finally, we confirm a prevalence of Li-rich stars on the red clump that increases with lithium, which supports an evolutionary state mechanism for Li-enhancement. Multiple culprits, including binary spin-up and mass-transfer, are therefore likely mechanisms of Li-enrichment. 2024ApJ...964...42S https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/964/42 Catalog Research IsServedBy TAP VizieR generic service IsServedBy Conesearch service related-to II/335 : Revised catalog of GALEX UV sources (GUVcat_AIS GR6+7) (Bianchi+ 2017) I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018) I/357 : Gaia DR3 Part 3. Non-single stars (Gaia Collaboration, 2022) V/154 : Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), Release 16 (DR16) (Ahumada+, 2020) J/ApJS/85/315 : F, G and K dwarf stars of the Pleiades (Soderblom+ 1993) J/A+AS/124/359 : Ca II triplet lines in cool stars (Mallik 1997) J/A+A/508/L17 : Abundances in solar analogs (Ramirez+, 2009) J/AJ/139/1338 : UV-selected stars in Tau and Upper Sco (Findeisen+, 2010) J/ApJ/732/55 : Abundances of stars with planets (Schuler+, 2011) J/A+A/538/A36 : Lithium abundances of bulge RGB stars (Lebzelter+, 2012) J/A+A/569/A55 : Abundances and vsini for 348 red giants (Adamow+, 2014) J/A+A/562/A92 : Li abundance in solar analogues (Delgado Mena+, 2014) J/A+A/580/A24 : Abundances in dwarfs, subgiants, & giants (da Silva+, 2015) J/MNRAS/449/4038 : Li abund. of giants in 3 globular clusters (D'Orazi+, 2015) J/AJ/150/123 : Catalog of 316 K giant candidates (Rebull+, 2015) J/ApJ/815/5 : Abundances of KOI stars with planets. I. (Schuler+, 2015) J/ApJ/819/135 : Lithium-rich giants in globular clusters (Kirby+, 2016) J/MNRAS/463/1844 : M dwarfs rotation-activity relation (Stelzer+, 2016) J/ApJ/819/19 : Equivalent widths of WASP-94A and WASP-94B (Teske+, 2016) J/ApJ/865/68 : Abund. for 79 Sun-like stars within 100pc (Bedell+, 2018) J/MNRAS/473/2004 : TESS-HERMES Survey Data Release 1 catalog (Sharma+, 2018) J/MNRAS/484/2000 : Study of Lithium-rich giants with GALAH (Deepak+, 2019) J/MNRAS/490/2219 : s-process enhanced stars in LAMOST (Norfolk+, 2019) J/ApJ/877/104 : High-res. spectrosc. of LAMOST Li-rich giants (Zhou+, 2019) J/AJ/159/280 : Gaia-Kepler stellar properties cat. I. KIC (Berger+, 2020) J/AJ/160/12 : J, Ks, NUV emission of 133 red giant stars (Dixon+, 2020) J/MNRAS/495/3961 : Planet-hosting stars chemical compositions (Liu+, 2020) J/A+A/640/A81 : Abundances of 72 solar-type stars (Nissen+, 2020) J/MNRAS/506/150 : The GALAH+ Survey DR3 (Buder+, 2021) J/A+A/651/A84 : Li abundance and mixing in giant stars (Magrini+, 2021) J/MNRAS/505/5340 : Lithium-rich stars in the GALAH survey DR3 (Martell+, 2021) J/other/NatAs/5.1163S : Sun-like stars abundances (Spina+, 2021) J/other/NatAs/5.1163 : Sun-like stars abundances (Spina+, 2021) J/A+A/657/A33 : Lithium in the LRGB of 5 GCs (Aguilera-Gomez+, 2022) J/MNRAS/511/231 : Lithium study with GC NGC 6752 (Schiappacasse-Ulloa+, 2022) J/ApJ/940/12 : HeI10830 in red giant stars with HET/HPF (Sneden+, 2022) J/ApJ/944/L5 : Lithium abundances in Kepler giants (Mallick+, 2023) https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/964/42 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/964/42 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/964/42 https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/964/42 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/964/42 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/964/42 GET text/xml+votable https://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tap Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/964/42/table1 (GALAH ID for Li-rich stars and their doppelgangers) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/964/42/table1? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/964/42/table1? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/964/42/table1? GET text/xml+votable 180.0 50000 true 81.66624823841 -57.15631482682 0.005555555555555556 Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/964/42/table2 (Gaia DR3 ID for 667 Li-rich stars and their doppelgangers with Gaia RVS spectra) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/964/42/table2? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/964/42/table2? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/964/42/table2? GET text/xml+votable 180.0 50000 true 61.1365977085 19.86261637871 0.005555555555555556 Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/964/42/table3 (Survey identification information for 1099 Li-rich stars in our sample) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/964/42/table3? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/964/42/table3? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/964/42/table3? GET text/xml+votable 180.0 50000 true 81.66624669622 -57.15633093659 0.005555555555555556 Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/964/42/table4 (Survey identification information for doppelgangers in our sample) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/964/42/table4? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/964/42/table4? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/964/42/table4? 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47397-47398 47408 47412 47417 47419 47425 47443 47445 47462 47467 47490-47493 47496-47498 47501 47504 47510-47511 47525 47537 47547 47552 47554 47569 47578 47585 47594 47598-47599 47614 47616-47617 47620-47622 47624 47628 47632 47636 47641-47642 47645-47648 47650-47651 47653 47667-47669 47675 47677-47678 47680 47682 47691 47697 47708 47713-47715 47720-47721 47737 47746 47770 47774 47784-47785 47793 47797-47798 47802 47805-47807 47812 47832 47835-47836 47838 47843 47850-47851 47853-47855 47866 47869-47870 47889 47892 47941 47959 48000 48005 48011 48021-48023 48033-48035 48040 48042-48043 48046 48057 48059-48060 48066-48067 48069-48070 48073 48078 48092 48094 48100 48102 48105 48108 48122 48169 48173 48195 48204 48233 48241 48257 48278 48289 48310 48432 48439 48500-48501 48582 48642 48690-48691 48918 48966-48967 48971-48973 49051 49054 49066 49086 https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/964/42?format=ascii UV Optical Infrared default J/ApJ/964/42/table1 GALAH ID for Li-rich stars and their doppelgangers recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int Rich [131118002901313/190225005301326] GALAH rich identifier meta.id;meta.main DopGg [131118002401169/190225005301327] GALAH Doppelganger identifier meta.id _RA Positions from rich GALAH (J/MNRAS/506/150), RA_ICRS/DE_ICRS (coming from Gaia DR2 at Ep=2015.5) (right ascension part) deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main _DE Positions from rich GALAH (J/MNRAS/506/150), RA_ICRS/DE_ICRS (coming from Gaia DR2 at Ep=2015.5) (declination part) deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main
J/ApJ/964/42/table2 Gaia DR3 ID for 667 Li-rich stars and their doppelgangers with Gaia RVS spectra recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int Rich [50376534706000768/6908353122071976576] Gaia DR3 rich identifier meta.id;meta.main DopGg [17501068313867008/6913587244096921344] Gaia DR3 doppelganger identifier meta.id _RA Positions from rich Gaia DR3 (I/355) RAJ2000/DEJ2000 (right ascension part) deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main _DE Positions from rich Gaia DR3 (I/355) RAJ2000/DEJ2000 (declination part) deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main
J/ApJ/964/42/table3 Survey identification information for 1099 Li-rich stars in our sample recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int GALEX GALEX identifier (G1) meta.id.cross char GALAH [131118002901313/190225005301326] GALAH identifier, as in Table 1 (G1) meta.id;meta.main GaiaDR2 [50072038704132096/6908353122071976576] Gaia DR2 identifier meta.id.cross GaiaDR3 [50072038704132096/6908353122071976576] Gaia DR3 identifier meta.id.cross _RA Positions from Gaia DR3 (I/355) RAJ2000/DEJ2000 (right ascension part) deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main _DE Positions from Gaia DR3 (I/355) RAJ2000/DEJ2000 (declination part) deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main
J/ApJ/964/42/table4 Survey identification information for doppelgangers in our sample recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int GALAH [131118002401169/190225005301327] GALAH identifier, as in Table 1 (G1) meta.id;meta.main GaiaDR2 [50014726660626432/6908285540762351872] Gaia DR2 identifier meta.id.cross GaiaDR3 [50014726660626432/6908285540762351872] Gaia DR3 identifier meta.id.cross GALEX GALEX identifier (G1) meta.id.cross char _RA Positions from Gaia DR3 (I/355) RAJ2000/DEJ2000 (right ascension part) deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main _DE Positions from Gaia DR3 (I/355) RAJ2000/DEJ2000 (declination part) deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main