J/ApJ/962/47ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/962/47CDSClaytor Z.R.van Saders J.L.Cao L.Pinsonneault M.H.Teske J.,Beaton R.L.2026-06-01T12:19:56Z2026-06-01T12:54:57ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frphotometryvisible-astronomystellar-agesstellar-massesstellar-radiichemical-abundanceseffective-temperaturesurveysinfrared-astronomyspectroscopyThe Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission delivers time-series photometry for millions of stars across the sky, offering a probe into stellar astrophysics, including rotation, on a population scale. However, light-curve systematics related to the satellite's 13.7 day orbit have prevented stellar rotation searches for periods longer than 13 days, putting the majority of stars beyond reach. Machine-learning methods have the ability to identify systematics and recover robust signals, enabling us to recover rotation periods up to 35 days for GK dwarfs and 80 days for M dwarfs. We present a catalog of 7245 rotation periods for cool dwarfs in the Southern Continuous Viewing Zone, estimated using convolutional neural networks. We find evidence for structure in the period distribution consistent with prior Kepler and K2 results, including a gap in 10-20 day cool-star periods thought to arise from a change in stellar spin-down or activity. Using a combination of spectroscopic and gyrochronologic constraints, we fit stellar evolution models to estimate masses and ages for stars with rotation periods. We find strong correlations between the detectability of rotation in TESS and the effective temperature, age, and metallicity of the stars. Finally, we investigate the relationships between rotation and newly obtained spot filling fractions estimated from Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment spectra. Field starspot filling fractions are elevated in the same temperature and period regime where open clusters' magnetic braking stalls, lending support to an internal shear mechanism that can produce both phenomena.2024ApJ...962...47Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/962/47CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIV/34 : K2 Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) (Huber+, 2017)IV/38 : TESS Input Catalog - v8.0 (TIC-8) (Stassun+, 2019)IV/39 : TESS Input Catalog version 8.2 (TIC v8.2) (Paegert+, 2021)III/286 : APOGEE-2 DR17 final allStar catalog (Abdurro'uf+, 2022)I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)I/357 : Gaia DR3 Part 3. Non-single stars (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)J/ApJ/732/39 : Rotational velocities of K giant stars (Carlberg+, 2011)J/ApJ/743/48 : Rotation periods & X-ray luminosities (Wright+, 2011)J/PASP/124/1279 : Q3 Kepler's combined photometry (Christiansen+, 2012)J/MNRAS/432/1203 : Rotation periods of M-dwarf stars (McQuillan+, 2013)J/A+A/562/A71 : Abundances of solar neighbourhood dwarfs (Bensby+, 2014)J/ApJS/211/24 : Rotation periods of Kepler MS stars (McQuillan+, 2014)J/AJ/149/68 : A-F type variable stars from Kepler (Bradley+, 2015)J/AJ/151/144 : ASPCAP weights for APOGEE chemical elements (Garcia+, 2016)J/ApJS/224/2 : K2 EPIC stellar properties for 138600 targets (Huber+, 2016)J/MNRAS/456/3655 : Masses and ages of red giants (Martig+, 2016)J/ApJ/821/93 : Rot. & Galactic kinematics of mid M dwarfs (Newton+, 2016)J/AJ/152/113 : Pleiades members with K2 light curves. I. (Rebull+, 2016)J/A+A/605/A111 : Surface rotation of Kepler red giant stars (Ceillier+, 2017)J/ApJ/842/83 : Praesepe members rot. periods from K2 LCs (Douglas+, 2017)J/ApJS/233/23 : APOKASC cat. of KIC dwarfs and subgiants (Serenelli+, 2017)J/ApJ/866/99 : Revised radii of KIC stars & planets (Berger+, 2018)J/AJ/156/217 : Properties for M dwarfs in MEarth-South (Newton+, 2018)J/MNRAS/475/5487 : Stellar properties of KIC stars (Silva Aguirre+, 2018)J/A+A/624/A19 : GALAH survey, chemodynamical analysis (Buder+, 2019)J/ApJ/879/49 : Rot. periods for Gaia members of NGC 6811 (Curtis+, 2019)J/ApJ/879/100 : Rot. periods for Hyades & Praesepe members (Douglas+, 2019)J/MNRAS/485/2380 : Gaia-derived luminosities of Kepler stars (Murphy+, 2019)J/A+A/621/A21 : Activity of Kepler stars (Reinhold+, 2019)J/ApJS/244/21 : Surface rot. & activity of Kepler stars. I. (Santos+, 2019)J/ApJ/871/174 : Kepler rapid rotators and Ks-band excesses (Simonian+, 2019)J/MNRAS/499/3481 : Metallicity and rotation in the Kepler field (Amard+, 2020)J/AJ/159/280 : Gaia-Kepler stellar properties catalog.I. (Berger+, 2020)J/ApJ/892/31 : Teff & metallicities of M dwarfs in APOGEE (Birky+, 2020)J/ApJS/250/20 : Rot. periods in TESS objects of interest (Canto+, 2020)J/ApJ/888/43 : APOGEE-Kepler Cool Dwarf star ages (Claytor+, 2020)J/ApJ/904/140 : Rotational data for clusters (Curtis+, 2020)J/MNRAS/498/1726 : Transiting planets around stars in TESS (Montalto+, 2020)J/A+A/635/A43 : Rot. periods from K2 Campaigns 0-18 (Reinhold+, 2020)J/ApJ/889/L34 : Oscillations in red giants from TESS data (Silva+, 2020)J/other/NatAs/5.707 : Dwarf stars asteroseismic rotation rates (Hall+, 2021)J/ApJ/919/131 : Oscillating red giants from the TESS QLP (Hon+, 2021)J/AJ/161/189 : Gyro-kinematic ages for ~30000 Kepler stars (Lu+, 2021)J/MNRAS/502/1947 : Giant stars in TESS cont. viewing zones (Mackereth+, 2021)J/ApJS/255/17 : Surface rot. & activity for Kepler stars II. (Santos+, 2021)J/A+A/649/A147 : Spectroscopic parameters for 313 M dwarfs (Sarmento+, 2021)J/AJ/161/231 : A list of ~330000 stars Kepler missed (Wolniewicz+, 2021)J/ApJ/930/7 : Rot. data from TESS-APOGEE-Kepler-Gaia (Avallone+, 2022)J/MNRAS/517/2165 : Star-spots properties of Pleiades and M67 stars (Cao+, 2022)J/ApJ/938/118 : CFHT monitoring of M67 & members from Gaia (Dungee+, 2022)J/AJ/164/135 : Red giants fundamental asteroseismic parameters (Hon+, 2022)J/AJ/164/137 : Untangling the Galaxy. IV. TESS data (Kounkel+, 2022)J/AJ/164/251 : ZTF measured rot. period of 40553 M- or G-dwarfs (Lu+, 2022)J/MNRAS/510/5623 : Study of Kepler's FGKM stars (Masuda+, 2022)J/ApJS/268/4 : Stellar var. with TESS 2min cadence phot. (Fetherolf+, 2023)J/ApJ/952/131 : Magnetic activity of solar-like stars. I. (Mathur+, 2023)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/962/47https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/962/47http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/962/47https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/962/47https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/962/47http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/962/47GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/962/47/table5 (Properties of 7,245 rotationally detected TESS Southern Continuous Viewing Zone (SCVZ) stars, MCMC input & fit parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/962/47/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/962/47/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/962/47/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true59.9179661-71.48982530.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/962/47/table6 (Properties of 35,664 rotationally nondetected TESS SCVZ stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/962/47/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/962/47/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/962/47/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true60.07529-71.85886080.0055555555555555563/516-517 528 584 586 608 4/2073 2076 2116 2342 2348 2350 2440 5/8213-8215 8220-8221 8223 8245 8288-8289 8291 8308-8310 8468-8470 8472 8480-8481 8484 9257-9260 9262-9263 9274 9360 9362-9363 9744 9746 9764 9768-9770 6/32847 32849-32851 32888-32889 32891 32977 32989 33160-33161 33163 33201 33204-33205 33244-33246 33248-33249 33253 33264 33884 33892-33894 33896-33897 33904 33928-33929 33940 34048 37025-37027 37044 37046-37047 37090-37091 37444 37446 37466 37488 37490 37496 37498 37584 38980 39008-39010 39016 39060 39064-39066 39084-39086 39088 394241.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/962/47?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/962/47/table5Properties of 7,245 rotationally detected TESS Southern Continuous Viewing Zone (SCVZ) stars, MCMC input & fit parametersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTIC[25063215/737535216] TESS Input Catalog identifiermeta.id;meta.mainlongTOI[119/6690]? TESS Object of Interest identifiermeta.id.crossintnullableProt[2.3/80] CNN-inferred rotation perioddtime.periodfloate_Prot[0.7/27.5] Uncertainty in Protdstat.error;time.periodfloatn_ProtPeriod provenance: TESS-SPOC or TASOC (prov) (G1)meta.note;time.periodcharSpur?[0/1] Flag denoting likely spurious period (spurious)meta.codeintRper[742/65620] Photometric activity range R_per_(10-6)src.var.amplitudeintSph[290/249700] Photometric activity index S_ph_(10-6)spect.indexintcdpp[54/10130] Combined differential photometric precision(10-6)instr.precisionintTeffT[2906/6000] TIC effective temperature (Teff_TIC)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintTmag[3.1/15] TESS magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatcont[0/11.8]? TIC flux contamination ratio (contratio)phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullableplx[-0.9/114]? Gaia DR3 parallax (parallax)maspos.parallax.trigfloatnullableruwe[0.6/64]? Gaia DR3 renormalized unit weight errorstat.errorfloatnullableGmag[4.17/16.51]? Gaia DR3 apparent G band magnitude (phot_g_mean_mag)magphot.mag;em.optfloatnullableBp-Rp[0.6/3.7]? Gaia DR3 G_BP_-G_RP_ color index (bp_rp)magphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RfloatnullableGaiaDisplay data from Gaia DR3 (I/355) within 1"meta.ref.urlcharTeff[3595/6279]? APOGEE DR17 effective temperature (teff)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintnullablee_Teff[50/669]? Uncertainty in Teff (teff_err)Kstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintnullable[M/H][-1.76/0.41]? APOGEE DR17 metallicity (m_h)log(Sun)phys.abund.Zfloatnullablee_[M/H][0.05/0.23]? Uncertainty in [M/H] (m_h_err)log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullable[a/M][-0.61/0.34]? APOGEE DR17 {alpha} enhancement (alpha_m)log(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablee_[a/M][0.03/1.84]? Uncertainty in [a/M] (alpha_m_err)log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableBad[0/1]? APOGEE DR17 spectral signal-to-noise flag (snr_bad) (1)meta.codeintnullableDR17Display data from APOGEE-DR17 (III/286) within 3"meta.ref.urlcharfspot[0/0.81]? Spot filling fractionstat.fit.paramdoublenullableAge[0.26/21.8]? MCMC gyrochronological ageGyrtime.agefloatnullableE_Age[0.07/22.3]? The 1sigma upper credible limit in Age (e_age+)Gyrstat.error;stat.max;time.agefloatnullablee_Age[0.06/11.2]? The 1sigma lower credible limit in Age (e_age-)Gyrstat.error;stat.min;time.agefloatnullableMass[0.38/1.3]? MCMC-inferred stellar masssolMassphys.massfloatnullableE_Mass[0.01/0.6]? The 1sigma upper credible limit in Mass (e_mass+)solMassstat.error;stat.max;phys.massfloatnullablee_Mass[0.01/0.2]? The 1sigma lower credible limit in Mass (e_mass-)solMassstat.error;stat.min;phys.massfloatnullableRad[0.37/1.66]? MCMC-inferred stellar radius (rad)solRadphys.size.radiusfloatnullableE_Rad[0.01/2.1]? The 1sigma upper credible limit in Rad (e_rad+)solRadstat.error;stat.max;phys.size.radiusfloatnullablee_Rad[0.01/0.8]? The 1sigma lower credible limit in Rad (e_rad-)solRadstat.error;stat.min;phys.size.radiusfloatnullableRo[0.14/18.13]? MCMC-inferred Rossby numberstat.paramfloatnullablefconv[0/1]? MCMC convergence flagmeta.codeintnullable_RAPositions from RAOdeg and DEOdeg columns in TIC v8.2 (IV/39) (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from RAOdeg and DEOdeg columns in TIC v8.2 (IV/39) (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/962/47/table6Properties of 35,664 rotationally nondetected TESS SCVZ starsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTIC[25063123/765147717] TESS Input Catalog identifiermeta.id;meta.mainlongTOI[114/6725]? TESS Object of Interest identifiermeta.id.crossintnullableProvPeriod provenance: TESS-SPOC or TASOC (G1)meta.notecharRvar[756/1431000] Photometric activity range R_var_(10-6)src.var.amplitudeintcdpp[28/62190] Combined differential photometric precision(10-6)instr.precisionintTeffT[2809/6000] TIC effective temperature (Teff_TIC)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintTmag[2.5/15] TESS magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatcont[0/9.15]? TIC flux contamination ratio (contratio)phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullableplx[-1.41/113.2]? Gaia DR3 parallax (parallax)maspos.parallax.trigfloatnullableruwe[0.59/58.72]? Gaia DR3 renormalized unit weight errorstat.errorfloatnullableGmag[4.64/16.66]? Gaia DR3 apparent G band magnitude (phot_g_mean_mag)magphot.mag;em.optfloatnullableBp-Rp[0.36/4.43]? Gaia DR3 G_BP_-G_RP_ color index (bp_rp)magphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RfloatnullableGaiaDisplay data from Gaia DR3 (I/355) within 1"meta.ref.urlcharTeff[3124/13399]? APOGEE DR17 effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintnullablee_Teff[4/5961]? Uncertainty in Teff (teff_err)Kstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintnullable[M/H][-2.24/0.55]? APOGEE DR17 metallicity (m_h)log(Sun)phys.abund.Zfloatnullablee_[M/H][0/0.12]? Uncertainty in [M/H] (m_h_err)log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullable[a/M][-0.37/0.74]? APOGEE DR17 {alpha} enhancement [alpha/M] (alpha_m)log(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablee_[a/M][0/1.1]? Uncertainty in [a/M] (alpha_m_err)log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableEdge[0/1]? APOGEE DR17 stellar parameter fit flag (star_bad) (1)meta.codeintnullableBad[0/1]? APOGEE DR17 spectral signal-to-noise flag (snr_bad) (2)meta.codeintnullableDR17Display data from APOGEE-DR17 (III/286) within 3"meta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from RAOdeg and DEOdeg columns in TIC v8.2 (IV/39) (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexed_DEPositions from RAOdeg and DEOdeg columns in TIC v8.2 (IV/39) (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexed