J/ApJ/961/172ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/961/172CDSWard C.Gezari S.Nugent P.Kerr M.Eracleous M.Frederick S.,Hammerstein E.Graham M.J.van Velzen S.Kasliwal M.M.Laher R.R.,Masci F.J.Purdum J.Racine B.Smith R.2026-05-27T09:31:30Z2026-05-27T10:02:47ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fractive-galactic-nucleivisible-astronomyspectroscopyphotometryredshiftedradio-sourcesgalaxy-classification-systemsAbout 3%-10% of Type I active galactic nuclei (AGNs) have double-peaked broad Balmer lines in their optical spectra originating from the motion of gas in their accretion disk. Double-peaked profiles arise not only in AGNs, but occasionally appear during optical flares from tidal disruption events and changing-state AGNs. In this paper, we identify 250 double-peaked emitters (DPEs) among a parent sample of optically variable broad-line AGNs in the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) survey, corresponding to a DPE fraction of 19%. We model spectra of the broad H{alpha} emission-line regions and provide a catalog of the fitted accretion disk properties for the 250 DPEs. Analysis of power spectra derived from the 5yr ZTF light curves finds that DPE light curves have similar amplitudes and power-law indices to other broad-line AGNs. Follow-up spectroscopy of 12 DPEs reveals that ~50% display significant changes in the relative strengths of their red and blue peaks over long 10-20yr timescales, indicating that broad-line profile changes arising from spiral arm or hotspot rotation are common among optically variable DPEs. Analysis of the accretion disk parameters derived from spectroscopic modeling provides evidence that DPEs are not in a special accretion state, but are simply normal broad-line AGNs viewed under the right conditions for the accretion disk to be easily visible. We include inspiraling supermassive black hole binary candidate SDSSJ1430+2303 in our analysis, and discuss how its photometric and spectroscopic variability is consistent with the disk-emitting AGN population in the ZTF survey.2024ApJ...961..172Whttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/961/172CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/599/886 : Emission lines of radio-loud AGN (Eracleous+, 2003)J/AJ/126/1720 : ugriz and H{alpha} of double-peaked AGN (Strateva+, 2003)J/ApJ/743/156 : NEOWISE obs. of NEOs: preliminary results (Mainzer+, 2011)J/A+A/559/A10 : Arp 102B spectral optical monitoring (Shapovalova+, 2013)J/ApJ/792/30 : NEOWISE magnitudes for near-Earth objects (Mainzer+, 2014)J/ApJS/217/26 : Lick AGN monitoring 2011: light curves (Barth+, 2015)J/ApJS/233/17 : Swift/BAT AGN spectroscopic survey. V. X-ray (Ricci+, 2017)J/ApJ/880/120 : Phot. of the tidal disruption event PS18kh (Holoien+, 2019)J/A+A/631/A147 : Transient processing & analysis using AMPEL (Nordin+, 2019)J/ApJ/903/31 : Phot. AT 2018hyz with Swift XRT, UVOT & Swope (Hung+, 2020)J/other/Sci/373.789 : optical variability of AGNs (Burke+, 2021)J/ApJS/255/30 : VLASS QL Ep.1 Catalog, CIRADA version (Gordon+, 2021)J/other/PASA/38.58 : Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey. II. RACS cat. (Hale+, 2021)J/ApJ/910/125 : Follow-up photometry of ASASSN-14ko (Payne+, 2021)J/A+A/664/A117 : 677 AGN of VST-COSMOS (De Cicco+, 2022)http://www.sdss.org/ : SDSS homepagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/961/172https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/961/172http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/961/172https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/961/172https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/961/172http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/961/172GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/961/172/sample (Properties of the 250 double-peaked emitter (DPE) candidates from ZTF (Table 1) and best-fit accretion disk parameters (Table 2))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/961/172/sample?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/961/172/sample?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/961/172/sample?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true198.2932333315.750929720.0055555555555555566/4118 4189 4212 4226 4253 4329 4589 4711 4863 4930 4992 5015 5082 5090 5135 5153 5158 5265 5284 5310 5375 5423 5513 5536 5572 5594 5642 5669 5761 5792 5802 5845 6009 6095 6139 6232 6236 6465 6507 6642 6740 7211 7213 7215 7231 7253 7289 7552 8323 8380 8387 8451 8455 8481 8510 8543 8623 8668 8677 8695 8756 8759 8792 8843 8863 8913-8914 8922 8949 8992 9002 9027 9038 9040 9091 9093 9110 9120 9127 9142 9154 9206 9236 9256 9264 9274 9276 9304 9309 9318 9369 9379 9456 9504 9519 9797 9801 9862 9892 9918 9976 9988 10017 10118 10121 10219 10242 10248 10250 10314 10327 10383 10460 10485 10498 10634 10643 10649 10699 10707 10720 10724 10793 10808 10861 10871 10874 10927 10961 10990-10991 10995 11010 11036 11077 11117 11129 11133 11195 11208 11211 11226 11268 11283 11295 11343 11353 11393 11396 11408 11410 11429 11434 11441 11475 11528 11814 11817 11852 15155 17757 17765 17840 18089 18301 18416 18628 18839 19236 19388 19462 19673 20010 20350 22361 22388 23125 25918 25947 25964 26027 26029 26046 26083 26181 26204 26363 26369 26494 26565 26569 26594 26609 26950 27110 27120 27123 27345 27387 27412 27417 27485 27497 27678 27713 27715 27721 27726 27736 27871 27892 27945 27949 27972 28021 28060 28103 28139 28150 28190 28268 28312 28369 28486 28545 28560 28571 28597 28607 28624-28625 28643 28661-28662 28664 31401 31408-31409 31488 31641 31678 32456 325035.842487393405252e-25 5.842487393405252e-25https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/961/172?format=asciiOpticalRadiodefaultJ/ApJ/961/172/sampleProperties of the 250 double-peaked emitter (DPE) candidates from ZTF (Table 1) and best-fit accretion disk parameters (Table 2)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintE_i[1/294] Upper uncertainty in idegstat.error;stat.max;src.orbital.inclinationintnullablee_iLower uncertainty in idegstat.error;stat.min;src.orbital.inclinationintnullableq[0.8/2.5] Emissivity power law indexphys.emissivity;spect.indexfloatnullableE_q[0/1.1] Upper uncertainty in qstat.error;phys.emissivity;spect.indexfloatnullablee_qLower uncertainty in qstat.error;phys.emissivity;spect.indexfloatnullablew[2/80] Spiral arm widthdegsrc.morph.paramintnullableE_w[0/33] Upper uncertainty in wdegstat.error;stat.max;src.morph.paramintnullablee_wLower uncertainty in wdegstat.error;stat.min;src.morph.paramintnullableRAJ2000[0/23] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainz[0.0076/0.4]? SDSS spectroscopic redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatnullableSloanDisplay the online SDSS-DR19 data for the nearest objectmeta.ref.urlcharlogAmp[-4.2/-1.2] Log amplitude (1)src.var.amplitudefloatE_logAmp[0/0.6] Upper uncertainty in logAmpstat.error;stat.max;src.var.amplitudefloate_logAmp[0/1.1] Lower uncertainty in logAmpstat.error;stat.min;src.var.amplitudefloatPL[0/5] Power Law index (1)spect.indexfloatE_PL[0.1/3.9] Upper uncertainty in PLstat.error;stat.max;spect.indexfloate_PL[0/3.1] Lower uncertainty in PLstat.error;stat.min;spect.indexfloatTurn[0.1/349.5] Turnover frequency (1)yr**-1em.freq;src.varfloatE_Turn[0.3/336.9] Upper uncertainty in Turnyr**-1stat.error;stat.max;em.freqfloate_Turn[0.1/328.2] Lower uncertainty in Turnyr**-1stat.error;stat.min;em.freqfloatE1[0.67/470]? VLASS epoch 1 (2017-2018) radio flux density (2)mJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.1500-3000MHzfloatnullablee_E1[0.19/3.1]? Uncertainty in E1 (2)mJystat.error;phot.flux.density;em.radio.1500-3000MHzfloatnullableE2[0.96/405]? VLASS epoch 2 (2010-2021) radio flux density (2)mJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.1500-3000MHzfloatnullablee_E2[0.18/0.9]? Uncertainty in E2 (2)mJystat.error;phot.flux.density;em.radio.1500-3000MHzfloatnullableVLASSDisplay data from VLASS QL Ep.1 cat. (Gordon+ 2021, J/ApJS/255/30) within 1"meta.ref.urlintnullableRACS[2.19/558]? RACS-low 34cm epoch 1 survey flux density (2)mJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.750-1500MHznullablee_RACS[0.8/40]? Uncertainty in RACS (2)mJystat.error;phot.flux.density;em.radio.750-1500MHzfloatnullablef_RACS[d] Indicates RACS is not within surveyed regionmeta.codecharH21Display data from RACS Pap. II. (Hale+ 2021, J/other/PASA/38.58) within 3"meta.ref.urlintnullablexi1[50/1960] Inner gravitational radius, {xi}1phys.size.radiusintnullableE_xi1[10/1320] Upper uncertainty in xi1stat.error;stat.max;phys.size.radiusintnullablee_xi1Lower uncertainty in xi1stat.error;stat.min;phys.size.radiusintnullablexi2[310/3990] Outer gravitational radius, {xi}2phys.size.radiusintnullableE_xi2[10/1980] Upper uncertainty in xi2stat.error;stat.max;phys.size.radiusintnullablee_xi2Lower uncertainty in xi2stat.error;stat.min;phys.size.radiusintnullablesigma[80/3000] Turbulent broadeningkm/sphys.veloc.microTurbintnullableE_sigma[0/1020] Upper uncertainty in sigmakm/sstat.error;stat.max;phys.veloc.microTurbintnullablee_sigmaLower uncertainty in sigmakm/sstat.error;stat.min;phys.veloc.microTurbintnullablei[0/53] Inclination angledegsrc.orbital.inclination;pos.posAngintnullablee_AsLower uncertainty in Asstat.error;stat.min;src.morph.paramintnullableAs[0/8] Spiral arm amplitude expressed as contrast ratiosrc.morph.paramintnullableE_As[1/5] Upper uncertainty in Asstat.error;stat.max;src.morph.paramintnullablepsi[0/360] Spiral arm pitch angledegsrc.morph.paramintnullableE_psi[10/70] Upper uncertainty in psidegstat.error;stat.max;src.morph.paramintnullablee_psiLower uncertainty in psidegstat.error;stat.min;src.morph.paramintnullablephi[0/360] Spiral arm phasedegsrc.morph.paramintnullableE_phi[10/360] Upper uncertainty in phidegstat.error;stat.max;src.morph.paramintnullablee_phiLower uncertainty in phidegstat.error;stat.min;src.morph.paramintnullableLCInteractive ZTF LC plotmeta.ref.urlcharnullableZTFZTF identifier (ZTFYYaaaaaaa)meta.id;meta.mainchar