J/ApJ/957/57ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/957/57doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/ba-xx-1sCDSDgany Y.Arcavi I.Makrygianni L.Pellegrino C.Howell D.A.2026-07-02T12:00:57Z2026-02-04T13:39:17ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frtransient-sourcessupernovaeactive-galactic-nucleiredshiftedsurveysblack-holesastronomical-object-identificationTransient accretion events onto supermassive black holes (SMBHs), such as tidal disruption events (TDEs), Bowen Fluorescence Flares (BFFs), and active galactic nuclei (AGNs), which are accompanied by sudden increases of activity, offer a new window onto the SMBH population, accretion physics, and stellar dynamics in galaxy centers. However, such transients are rare and finding them in wide-field transient surveys is challenging. Here we present the results of a systematic real-time search for SMBH-related transients in Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) public alerts, using various search queries. We examined 345 rising events coincident with a galaxy nucleus, with no history of previous activity, of which 223 were spectroscopically classified. Of those, five (2.2%) were TDEs, one (0.5%) was a BFF, and two (0.9%) were AGN flares. Limiting the search to blue events, the fraction of TDEs nearly doubles to 4.1%, and no TDEs are missed. Limiting the search further to candidate post-starburst galaxies increases the relative number of TDEs to 16.7%, but the absolute numbers in such a search are small. The main contamination source is supernovae (95.1% of classified events), of which the majority (82.2% of supernovae) are of Type Ia. In a comparison set of 39 events with limited photometric history, the AGN contamination increases to ~30%. Host galaxy offset is not a significant discriminant of TDEs in current ZTF data, but might be useful in higher-resolution data. Our results can be used to quantify the efficiency of various SMBH-related transient search strategies in optical surveys such as ZTF and the Legacy Survey of Space and Time.2023ApJ...957...57Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/957/57CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/147 : The SDSS Photometric Catalogue, Release 12 (Alam+, 2015)V/154 : Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), Release 16 (DR16) (Ahumada+, 2020)J/ApJ/673/999 : Supernova and host galaxies metallicities (Prieto+, 2008)J/ApJ/753/106 : QSO variability with SDSS and POSS imaging (MacLeod+, 2012)J/ApJ/793/38 : Palomar Transient Factory photometric obs. (Arcavi+, 2014)J/MNRAS/438/L101 : First month on SN 2013ej (Valenti+, 2014)J/MNRAS/463/296 : PS1 slow-blue nuclear hypervariables (Lawrence+, 2016)J/ApJ/868/99 : Post-starburst galaxies identifications (French+, 2018)J/ApJ/873/92 : Opt. & UV evolution of iPTF15af (Blagorodnova+, 2019)J/ApJ/905/93 : Classif. of PS1-MDS SNe with Superphot (Hosseinzadeh+, 2020)J/ApJ/905/94 : Classif. for PS1-MDS SNe with SuperRAENN (Villar+, 2020)J/ApJ/924/121 : Transients in the centers of PS & QBS gal. (Arcavi+, 2022)J/ApJ/949/120 : Extragalactic fast blue opt. transients from ZTF (Ho+, 2023)J/ApJ/953/32 : AT 2021loi photometry & sp. follow-up (Makrygianni+, 2023)http://www.wis-tns.org/ : Transient Name Server homepagehttp://www.ztf.caltech.edu/ : Zwicky Transient Facility homepagehttp://sites.astro.caltech.edu/ztf/bts/bts.php : ZTF Bright Transient Surveyhttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/957/57https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/957/57http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/957/57https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/957/57https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/957/57http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/957/57GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/957/57/table8 (*Candidates of interest)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/957/57/table8?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/957/57/table8?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/957/57/table8?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true185.187849.551280.0055555555555555566/2 157 269 287 580 727 738 940 1698 2153 2560 2686 2926 3565 4246 4282 4345 4381 4402 4454 4473 4505 4548 4556 4651 4707 4965 5040 5043 5107 5113 5129 5148 5279 5281 5398 5604 5687 5722 5784 5808 5868 5886 5982 6195 6220 6399 6449 6453 7222 7325 7375 7517 7668 7670 7779 7893 8048 8099 8203 8215 8222 8340 8343 8354 8356 8365 8396-8397 8399 8407 8449 8472 8523-8524 8561 8590 8593 8610 8711 8726 8729 8772 8778 8792 8893 8902 8917 8964 8991 9029 9105 9182 9216 9253 9278 9295 9333 9413 9430 9450 9460 9465 9531-9532 9563 9584 9633 9700 9771 9792 9886 10247 10310 10312 10410 10424 10438 10548 10609 10627 10638 10644 10658 10782 10826 10849 10901 10956 10992 11002 11035 11098 11115 11187 11247 11259 11266 11421 11424 11471 11532 11582 11632 11862 12074 12121 12264 12314 12353 12359 12382 12398 12416 12631 12672 12788 13373 13394 13542 13614 13718 13737 13774 14498 14860 14864 15874 16011 16047 16093 16097 16625 16665 16713 16719 16767 16825 17039 17296 17312 17335 17346 17362 17379 17382-17383 17647 17675 17706 17803 17831 17850 17914 17943 18049 18052 18070 18103 18429 18454 18592 18603 18767 18904 18963-18964 18969 19170 19177 19197 19346 19408 19426 19514 19645 19662 19688 19698 19731 19821 19883 20006 20012 20171 20303 21071 21087 21135 21180 21226 21420 21585 21768 21806 21874 21879 21883 21956 21996 22001 22591 22716 22760 22960 23009 23088 24771 24950 24977 25012 25061 25064 25166 25352 25550 25600 25623 25634 25665 25738 25802 25804 25816 25838 25846 25918 25952 26031 26040 26106 26176 26206 26233 26250 26339 26562 26618 26676 26803 26847 26898 26916 26939 27093 27122 27131-27132 27216 27220 27228 27271 27275 27306 27382 27426 27438 27475 27533 27588 27633 27672 27675 27687 27707 27754 27791 27867 27882 27919 27940 27960 28054 28067 28191 28204 28242 28310 28355 28380 28387 28412 28454 28484 29970 30038 30129 30157 30727 30914 31122 31450 31478 31484 31636 31685 31692 31712 31735 31855 31867 31883 31889 32129 32180 32273 32291 32481 32569 35689 36288 36491 36496 36522 36550 36634 36687 38889 40376 40443 40841 40926 42960 43899 43987 44234 44436 44550 44579 44582 44979 45003 48078 48354 48375 48554 48599 48670 48818 48964 49105https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/957/57?format=asciidefaultJ/ApJ/957/57/table8*Candidates of interestrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintZTFZTF identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharTNSTNS identifiermeta.id.crosscharTNS2Other TNS identifiermeta.idcharNameOther common identifier(s)meta.id.crosscharRAJ2000Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-29.71/83.12] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainQuery[1/10] Query condition (1)meta.codeintClassSN classification (2)src.classcharz[0.0014/0.23]? Spectroscopic redshiftsrc.redshiftdoublenullableNoteAdditional note (3)meta.notecharRefBibcode(s) for reference(s)meta.bib.bibcodechar