J/ApJ/956/148ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/956/148doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/ba-xw-4mCDSLin X.Wang J.Kilborn V.Peng E.W.Cortese L.Boselli A.,Liang Z.-Z.Lee B.Yang D.Catinella B.Deg N.Denes H.Elagali A.,Kamphuis P.Koribalski B.S.Lee-Waddell K.Rhee J.Shao Li,Spekkens K.Staveley-Smith L.Westmeier T.Wong O.I.Bekki K.,Bosma A.Du M.Ho L.C.Madrid J.P.Verdes-Montenegro L.Wang H.,Wang S.2026-07-02T12:00:51Z2026-02-02T15:18:55ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxy-groupsgalaxiesphotometryvisible-astronomygalaxy-radiiradial-velocityh-i-line-emissionastronomical-object-identificationCombining new HI data from a synergetic survey of Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) Widefield ASKAP L-band Legacy All-sky Blind surveY (WALLABY) and Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) with the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA (ALFALFA) data, we study the effect of ram pressure and tidal interactions in the NGC 4636 group. We develop two parameters to quantify and disentangle these two effects on gas stripping in HI-bearing galaxies: the strength of external forces at the optical-disk edge, and the outside-in extents of HI-disk stripping. We find that gas stripping is widespread in this group, affecting 80% of HI-detected nonmerging galaxies, and that 41% are experiencing both types of stripping. Among the galaxies experiencing both effects, the two types of strengths are independent, while two HI-stripping extents moderately anticorrelate with each other. Both strengths are correlated with HI-disk shrinkage. The tidal strength is related to a rather uniform reddening of low-mass galaxies (M*<10^9^M_{sun}_) when tidal stripping is the dominating effect. In contrast, ram pressure is not clearly linked to the color-changing patterns of galaxies in the group. Combining these two stripping extents, we estimate the total stripping extent, and put forward an empirical model that can describe the decrease of HI richness as galaxies fall toward the group center. The stripping timescale we derived decreases with distance to the center, from ~1Gyr beyond R_200_ to <~10Myr near the center. Gas depletion happens ~3Gyr since crossing 2R_200_ for HI-rich galaxies, but much quicker for HI-poor ones. Our results quantify in a physically motivated way the details and processes of environmental-effects-driven galaxy evolution, and might assist in analyzing hydrodynamic simulations in an observational way.2023ApJ...956..148Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/956/148CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/147 : The SDSS Photometric Catalogue, Release 12 (Alam+, 2015)V/154 : Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), Release 16 (DR16) (Ahumada+, 2020)J/PASJ/56/965 : X-ray properties of ASCA objects (Fukazawa+, 2004)J/AJ/128/16 : HIPASS Bright Galaxy Catalog (Koribalski+, 2004)J/MNRAS/369/1351 : Velocities in the possible Eridanus group (Brough+, 2006)J/ApJS/173/293 : UV-Optical galaxy color-magnitude diagram I. (Wyder+, 2007)J/AJ/136/2782 : Star formation efficiency in nearby galaxies (Leroy+, 2008)J/A+A/570/A69 : GALEX Ultraviolet Virgo Cluster Survey. IV. (Boselli+, 2014)J/MNRAS/445/899 : LVL SEDs and physical properties (Cook+, 2014)J/AJ/151/78 : Jellyfish galaxy cand. in galaxy clusters (Poggianti+, 2016)J/AJ/152/50 : Cosmicflows-3 catalog (CF3) (Tully+, 2016)J/MNRAS/460/2143 : HI size-mass relation of galaxies (Wang+, 2016)J/ApJ/843/16 : Galaxy groups within 3500km/s (Kourkchi+, 2017)J/ApJS/233/22 : xCOLD GASS catalog (Saintonge+, 2017)J/ApJ/850/207 : Action dynamics of the Local Supercluster (Shaya+, 2017)J/MNRAS/478/3447 : SDSS post-merger galaxies HI data (Ellison+, 2018)J/ApJ/861/49 : ALFALFA extragalactic HI source catalog (Haynes+, 2018)J/A+A/632/A78 : A case study of the HI content of HCG 16 (Jones+, 2019)J/ApJ/915/70 : WALLABY pilot survey: HI gas in Hydra cluster (Wang+, 2021)http://wallaby-survey.org/data/ : WALLABY data home pagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/956/148https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/956/148http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/956/148https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/956/148https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/956/148http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/956/148GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/956/148/galaxies (Galaxy properties (Table 4) with HI-measurements for 63 sources (Table 5))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/956/148/galaxies?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/956/148/galaxies?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/956/148/galaxies?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true186.55793.83710.0055555555555555565/6577 6579 6582 6584-6585 6/26174-26175 26216-26217 26222-26223 26234 26257 26259-26260 26262 26265 26268-26270 26292 26301 26304 26306-26307 26312-26313 26315 26322-26323 26326 26344 26348-26349 26353-26354 26360 26362https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/956/148?format=asciiOpticalRadiodefaultJ/ApJ/956/148/galaxiesGalaxy properties (Table 4) with HI-measurements for 63 sources (Table 5)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/119] Galaxy IDmeta.id;meta.mainintName? NGC/UGC/IC numbermeta.id.crosscharr_HRV[FAKSH] References of HRV (1)meta.ref;spect.dopplerVeloc;pos.heliocentriccharR50r[0.069/9.3] Half-light radius in r-band from GCkpcphys.size.radiusfloate_R50r[0.001/0.08] Error in R50rkpcstat.error;phys.size.radiusfloatR90r[0.2/31.3] R90 in r-band from GCkpcphys.size.radiusfloate_R90r[0.01/0.4] Error in R90rkpcstat.error;phys.size.radiusfloatSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableFASTID in Zuo+ (2022RAA....22i5016Z)meta.id.crosscharnullableALFALFA[7609/229204]? ID in ALFALFA catalog (UGC/AGC number; see Haynes+ 2018, J/ApJ/861/49)meta.id.crossintnullableHIPASSID in HIPASS BGC (JHHMM+DD; see Koribalski+ 2004, J/AJ/128/16)meta.id.crosscharWALLABYID in WALLABY (JHHMMSS+DDMMSS; Westmeier+ 2022PASA...39...58W)meta.id.crosscharMHI[7.06/9.63] HI mass (6)log(solMass)phys.mass;em.line.HIfloatnullablee_MHI[0.04/0.07] Error in HI masslog(solMass)stat.error;phys.mass;em.line.HIfloatnullabler_MHI[FAHW] References of HI mass (7)meta.ref;pos.framecharnullabledelMHI[-1.77/1.63]? Offset from mean HI-M* relationlog(solMass)phys.mass;arith.diff;em.line.HIfloatnullableSrps[-5.31/1.02]? Log RPS strength parameter (8)stat.param;phys.atmol.collStrengthfloatnullableRAJ2000[186.5/194.6] Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-1.4/6.9] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainHRV[478/1407] Heliocentric radial velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.heliocentricintSFR[-3.62/-0.21]? Star-formation ratelog(solMass.yr**-1)phys.SFRfloatnullablee_SFR[0.06/0.13]? Error of SFRlog(solMass.yr**-1)stat.error;phys.SFRfloatnullabledelSFR[-1.85/1.47]? Offset from the star-forming main sequence (SFMS)log(solMass.yr**-1)phys.SFR;arith.difffloatnullablen_SFR[fn]? Type of UV used in SFR (f=FUV (preferred) or n=NUV (when FUV unavailable))meta.notecharPram[-18.3/-12.9] Ram pressure estimated using projected parameterslog(Pa)phys.pressurefloatStid[-3.4/-0.08] Tidal strength parameter, logstat.param;phys.atmol.collStrengthfloatgmag[9.52/21.2] Total g-band AB magnitude using growth curve (GC) methodmagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloate_gmag[0.001/0.05] Error in gmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatrmag[8.78/19.6] Total r-band AB magnitude using growth curve (GC) methodmagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloate_rmag[0.001/0.08] Error in rmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatg-r0[-0.062/2.1] The g-r color at the galaxy centermagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Rfloatg-r1[0.06/1.6] The g-r color at R50rmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Rfloatf_SFR[cuw]? Note on SFR measurement (2)meta.codecharg-r2[0.09/1.5] The g-r color at 2R50rmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RfloatMs[6/11.2] Stellar mass (4)log(solMass)phys.massfloate_Ms[0.15/0.21]? Error in Mslog(solMass)stat.error;phys.massfloatnullableR25g[0.2/25.1] R25 in g-band (5)kpcphys.size.radiusfloate_R25g[0.002/0.05] Error in R25gkpcstat.error;phys.size.radiusfloatfrps[-1.91/-0.76]? Log Fraction of gas under RPS (9)phys.mass;arith.ratiofloatnullableftid[-2/-0.08]? Log Fraction of gas under TSphys.mass;arith.ratiofloatnullablefstr[-1.64/-0.08]? Log Fraction of gas under strippingphys.mass;arith.ratiofloatnullablef_fstr[RTNM] Flag of stripping status (10)meta.codecharnullableImgSrc[DS] Source of optical images (3)meta.ref;em.optchar