J/ApJ/953/122ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/953/122doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/ba-xs-3tCDSLei Z.He R.Nemeth P.Zou X.Xiao H.Yang Y.Zhao J.2026-07-02T12:00:15Z2025-11-04T08:39:08ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsubdwarf-starsstellar-massesstellar-radiispectral-energy-distributionsurveysvisible-astronomyMasses for 664 single-lined hot subdwarf stars identified in LAMOST were calculated by comparing synthetic fluxes from spectral energy distribution with observed fluxes from a Virtual Observatory service. Three groups of hot subdwarf stars were selected from the whole sample according to their parallax precision to study the mass distributions. We found that He-poor sdB/sdOB stars present a wide mass distribution from 0.1 to 1.0M_{sun}_ with a sharp mass peak at around 0.46M_{sun}_, which is consistent with canonical binary model prediction. He-rich sdB/sdOB/sdO stars present a much flatter mass distribution than He-poor sdB/sdOB stars and with a mass peak at around 0.42M_{sun}_. By comparing the observed mass distributions to the predictions of different formation scenarios, we concluded that the binary merger channel, including two helium white dwarfs (He-WDs) and He-WD + main-sequence mergers, cannot be the only main formation channel for He-rich hot subdwarfs, and other formation channels, such as the surviving companions from Type Ia supernovae, could also make impacts on producing this special population, especially for He-rich hot subdwarfs with masses less than 0.44M_{sun}_. He-poor sdO stars also present a flatter mass distribution with an inconspicuous peak mass at 0.18M_{sun}_. The similar mass-{Delta}RV_max_ distribution between He-poor sdB/sdOB and sdO stars supports the scenario that He-poor sdO stars could be the subsequent evolution stage of He-poor sdB/sdOB stars.2023ApJ...953..122Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/953/122CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVI/65 : Evolutionary models of evolved stars (Dorman+ 1993)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)IV/34 : K2 Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) (Huber+, 2017)I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)I/352 : Distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia EDR3 (Bailer-Jones+, 2021)I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)J/ApJ/419/596 : Pop I UV radiation models (Dorman+, 1993)J/A+A/400/939 : Stellar parameters of 115 HQS sdB stars (Edelmann+, 2003)J/A+A/430/223 : Parameters of cool companions of sdB stars (Lisker+, 2005)J/A+A/492/277 : Analysis of Collinder 69 stars with VOSA (Bayo+, 2008)J/MNRAS/427/2180 : GALEX survey subdwarf atmospheric parameters (Nemeth+, 2012)J/A+A/551/A31 : New spectral classif. for hot subdwarfs (Drilling+, 2013)J/A+A/577/A26 : Radial velocities of hot subluminous stars (Geier+, 2015)J/MNRAS/446/4078 : New white dwarf stars in SDSS DR10 (Kepler+, 2015)J/A+A/595/A35 : Low-mass helium WDs evolutionary models (Istrate+, 2016)J/MNRAS/455/3413 : White dwarf & subdwarf stars in SDSS DR12 (Kepler+, 2016)J/ApJ/818/202 : Hot subdwarf stars in LAMOST DR1 (Luo+, 2016)J/A+A/600/A50 : Catalog of hot subdwarf stars (Geier+, 2017)J/ApJ/868/70 : Hot subdwarf stars from Gaia DR2 and LAMOST DR5 (Lei+, 2018)J/MNRAS/486/2169 : White dwarf and subdwarf stars in SDSS DR14 (Kepler+, 2019)J/ApJ/881/135 : Hot subdwarf stars from Gaia DR2 & LAMOST. II. (Lei+, 2019)J/ApJ/881/7 : Hot subdwarf stars from LAMOST DR5 & Gaia DR2 (Luo+, 2019)J/A+A/635/A193 : Catalogue of hot subdwarf stars DR2 (Geier, 2020)J/ApJ/889/117 : Hot subdwarf stars from Gaia & LAMOST DR6+7. I. (Lei+, 2020)J/A+A/642/A180 : Hot subdwarf stars binarity (Pelisoli+, 2020)J/A+A/650/A102 : SDSS J160429.12+100002.2 spectra (Irrgang+, 2021)J/ApJS/256/28 : Hot subdwarf stars with Gaia DR2 & LAMOST DR7 (Luo+, 2021)J/ApJ/933/94 : ELM survey. IX. Low-mass SDSS+Gaia WD bin. (Brown+, 2022)J/A+A/662/A40 : Hot subdwarf stars studied with Gaia (Culpan+, 2022)J/A+A/661/A113 : Hot subdwarf stars Radial velocity variab. (Geier+, 2022)J/A+A/658/A22 : Kinematic properties of white dwarfs (Raddi+, 2022)J/ApJ/942/109 : Hot subdwarf stars from LAMOST DR8 (Lei+, 2023)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/953/122https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/953/122http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/953/122https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/953/122https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/953/122http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/953/122GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/953/122/table1 (Main parameters for the 664 hot subdwarfs selected in this study)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/953/122/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/953/122/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/953/122/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.076722.300790.0055555555555555565/3180 6/43 64 78 142 220 226 255 331 448 457 485 689 709 718 723 730 765 767 829 888 907 955 1004 1009 1041 1154 1162 1177 1202 1213 1252 1260 1291 1348 1351 1356 1362 1389 1405 1559 1563-1564 1570 1572 1602 1668 1684 1686 1720 1760 1792 2094 2100 2131 2162 2170 2198 2221 2233 2292 2346 2349 2370 2424 2458 2463 2497-2498 2507 2526 2540 2561 2584 2591 2593 2600 2625-2626 2641 2661 2702 2714 2719 2754 2791-2792 2796 2805-2807 2843 2852 2877 2899 2958 2993 3089 3117 3236 3243 3584 3588 4105-4106 4113 4123 4164 4174 4233 4242 4258 4273 4285 4293 4295 4297 4319 4345-4346 4374 4382 4399 4409 4456 4497 4516 4541 4598 4604 4630 4648 4653 4658 4664 4674 4697 4704 4709 4722 4739 4741 4782 4790 4807 4818 4838 4848 4858 4898 4931 4938 4943 4955 4957 4976 5047 5057 5113 5184 5206 5406 5544 5550 5567 5586 5655 5690 5710 5724 5760 5866 5884 5917-5918 5944 6011 6145 6171 6173-6174 6198 6200 6208 6234 6246-6247 6254 6267 6276 6283 6295 6306 6349 6385 6410 6435 6446 6461 6477 6507 6536 6544 6588 6613 6659 6661 6696 6706 6710 6724 6741 6747 6754 6772 6807 6827 6848 6850 6879 6881 6889 6975 6982 7009 7023 7057 7072 7085 7100 7384 7881 8119 8255 8278 8281 8283-8284 8297 8325 8391 8447 8467 8500 8518 8538 8570 8572 8675 8696 8707 8746 8770 8791 8806 8812-8813 8833 8959 9026 9061 9102 9123 9186 9211 9237 9254 9268 9273 9298-9299 9304 9366 9372 9384 9470 9475 9505 9510 9585 9593 9633 9664 9690 9699 9762-9763 9775 9790 9812 9819 9882 9909 9947 9981 10024 10042 10048 10083 10132 10144 10146 10296 10315 10322 10333 10378 10382 10400 10409 10471 10504 10602 10903 10963 11016 11029 11047 11113 11144-11145 11157 11194 11264 11300 11335 12289 12302 12314 12374 12411 12498 12501 12505 12565-12566 12591 12613 12655 12673 12697 12717 12734 12775 13145 13163 13206 13278 13291 13319 13354 13370 13426 13434-13435 13437 13505 13582 13607 13667 13683 13769 13818 13833 13857 13873 13883 14049 14552 14555 14578 14585 14751 14772 14775 14779 14825 14868 14915 14921 14940 14943 14960 15017 15105 15124 15128 15132 15172 15306 15310 17789 17864-17865 18003 18031 18098 18132 18153 18372 18409 18418 18851 18863 18908 18954 19004 19037 19040 19068 19071 19118 19120 19126 19244 19270 19309 19361 19375 19397 19404 19410 19415 19427 19436 19544 19590 19649 19653 19666 19710 19875 19898 19904-19905 19957 19962 20002 20156 20219 20224 20236 20261 20279 20321 20337 20402 20410 21748 21803 21829 21836 21867 21876 21952 22279 22281 22304 22308 22316 22321 22334 22339 22387 22398 22415 22422 22428 22438 22441 22452 22458-22459 22463 22484 22494 22503 22743 22996 23157 23356 23444 23465 23468 23470 23510-23511 23531 23648 23661 23691 23735 23747 23777 23781 23821 23823 23839 23845 23860 23879 23883 23893 23896 23909 23929 23932 23988 23991 24003 24005 24025 24032 24063 24074-24075 24089 24111 24124 24133 24136 24138 24150 24160 24165 24184 24194 24204 24214 24242 24248 24397 24400 24437-24438 24442 24522 24529 24531-24534 24553 24560 24570 25531 25566 25582 25845 25905 25915 25921 25972 25990 25996 26015 26066 26164 26215 26319 26396 26413 26436 26453 26488 26533 26553 26564 26606 26609 27000 27045 27175 27187 27227 27317 27324 27345 27352 27379 27486-27487 27834 27839 27871 27909 27913 27956 27999 28134 28262 28266 28302 28323 28331 28335 28370 28408 28465 28587 28622 28666 30206 30549 31062 31142 31424 31444 31470 31518 31528 31549-31550 31613 31622 31640 31683 31715 31741 31810 31884 31912 31923 31961 31963 32142 32160-32161 32300 32307 32330 32372 32380 32385 32456 32476 32485-32486 32489 32528 32550 32633 32674 32707 32724 36851 409481.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/953/122?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/953/122/table1Main parameters for the 664 hot subdwarfs selected in this studyrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000LAMOST Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-7/82] LAMOST Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainobsID[1203114/746415156] LAMOST observation identifiermeta.id;meta.mainlongGaiaGaia EDR3 observation identifiermeta.id.crossGmag[10.46/17.67] Gaia EDR3 G-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optdoublee_Gmag[0.0027/0.007] Uncertainty in Gmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.optdoubleplx[0.27/7.1] Parallax, Gaia EDR3, after zeropoint correctionmaspos.parallax.trigfloate_plx[0.02/0.2] Uncertainty in plxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatTeff[21290/84550] Surface effective temperature from Lei et al. (2018, 2019b, 2020) (1)Kphys.temperature.effectiveinte_Teff[565/14690] Uncertainty in TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintlogg[5/7] Log of surface gravity from Lei et al. (2018, 2019b, 2020) (1)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloate_logg[0.05/0.6] Uncertainty in logglog(cm.s**-2)stat.error;phys.gravityfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharspclassSubdwarf classification from Lei et al. (2018, 2019b, 2020) (1) (2)src.spTypecharE(B-V)[0.007/0.96] Reddeningmagphot.color.excessfloate_E(B-V)[0/0.061] Uncertainty in E (B-V)magstat.error;phot.color.excessfloatAngD[-11.76/-10.3] Median Angular diameter, log(radians)log(rad)phys.angSize;stat.medianfloatE_AngD[0.002/0.3] Upper uncertainty in AngD (3)log(rad)stat.error;stat.max;phys.angSizefloate_AngD[0.003/0.2] Lower uncertainty in AngD (3)log(rad)stat.error;stat.min;phys.angSizefloatRstar[0.052/0.5] Median RadiussolRadphys.size.radius;stat.medianfloatE_Rstar[0.001/0.1] Upper uncertainty in Rstar (3)solRadstat.error;stat.max;phys.size.radiusfloate_Rstar[0.001/0.06] Lower uncertainty in Rstar (3)solRadstat.error;stat.min;phys.size.radiusfloatLstar[3.9/2549] Median LuminositysolLumphys.luminosity;stat.medianfloatE_Lstar[0.5/2480] Upper uncertainty in Lstar (3)solLumstat.error;stat.max;phys.luminosityfloate_Lstar[0.4/1266] Lower uncertainty in Lstar (3)solLumstat.error;stat.min;phys.luminosityfloatMstar[0.11/1] Median MasssolMassphys.mass;stat.medianfloatE_Mstar[0.02/2.61] Upper uncertainty in Mstar (3)solMassstat.error;stat.max;phys.massfloate_Mstar[0.02/0.7] Lower uncertainty in Mstar (3)solMassstat.error;stat.min;phys.massfloatLCatDisplay data from Lei+ 2018, J/ApJ/868/70; 2019, J/ApJ/881/135; 2020, J/ApJ/889/117meta.ref.urlintnullable