J/ApJ/952/71ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/952/71doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19520071CDSSun Q.Deliyannis C.P.Steinhauer A.Anthony-Twarog B.J.Twarog B.A.2025-08-01T20:11:35Z2025-07-23T09:49:39ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frradial-velocitymultiple-starsopen-star-clusterschemical-abundancesvisible-astronomyspectroscopytwo-color-diagramsWe consider WIYN/Hydra spectra of 329 photometric candidate members of the 420Myr old open cluster M48 and report lithium detections or upper limits for 234 members and likely members. The 171 single members define a number of notable Li-mass trends, some delineated even more clearly than in Hyades/Praesepe: the giants are consistent with subgiant Li dilution and prior MS Li depletion due to rotational mixing. A dwarfs (8600-7700K) have upper limits higher than the presumed initial cluster Li abundance. Two of five late A dwarfs (7700-7200K) are Li-rich, possibly due to diffusion, planetesimal accretion, and/or engulfment of hydrogen-poor planets. Early F dwarfs already show evidence of Li depletion seen in older clusters. The Li-Teff trends of the Li Dip (6675-6200K), Li Plateau (6200-6000K), and G and K dwarfs (6000-4000K) are very clearly delineated and are intermediate to those of the 120Myr old Pleiades and 650Myr old Hyades/Praesepe, which suggests a sequence of Li depletion with age. The cool side of the Li Dip is especially well defined with little scatter. The Li-Teff trend is very tight in the Li Plateau and early G dwarfs, but scatter increases gradually for cooler dwarfs. These patterns support and constrain models of the universally dominant Li depletion mechanism for FGK dwarfs, namely rotational mixing due to angular momentum loss; we discuss how diffusion and gravity-wave-driven mixing may also play roles. For late G/K dwarfs, faster rotators show higher Li than slower rotators, and we discuss possible connections between angular momentum loss and Li depletion.2023ApJ...952...71Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/952/71CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)J/AJ/106/1059 : Lithium in the Pleiades (Soderblom+, 1993)J/ApJ/765/126 : Star spot models for M-dwarfs in NGC 2516 (MacDonald+, 2013)J/A+A/583/A73 : Color-period diagram for M48 (NGC2548) (Barnes+, 2015)J/AJ/152/113 : Pleiades members with K2 LCs. I. Periods (Rebull+, 2016)J/AJ/153/128 : WOCS. LXXV. Hyades & Praesepe Li abund. (Cummings+, 2017)J/AJ/156/37 : Phot. & abund. of cool dwarfs in M35 (Anthony-Twarog+, 2018)J/AJ/155/138 : WOCS. LXXVI. Vel & abund. in NGC2506 (Anthony-Twarog+, 2018)J/A+A/613/A63 : Lithium content for 148 Pleiades stars (Bouvier+, 2018)J/MNRAS/476/3245 : M dwarfs in the Pleiades (Jackson+, 2018)J/A+A/616/A7 : Gaia DR2 RV standard stars catalog (Soubiran+, 2018)J/AJ/158/163 : Li abund. values for stars in NGC 6819 (Deliyannis+, 2019)J/ApJ/879/100 : K2 rot. periods for Hyades&Praesepe members (Douglas+, 2019)J/MNRAS/483/1125 : Radius inflat. in Praesepe active M-dwarfs (Jackson+, 2019)J/AJ/159/220 : WOCS LXXIX.M48.I. WIYN/Hydra spectra: M48 stars (Sun+, 2020)J/MNRAS/500/1158 : Rotation & lithium depletion of M35 dwarfs (Jeffries+, 2021)J/ApJ/921/167 : Rotators in Praesepe with K2 LCs & Gaia EDR3 (Rampalli+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/952/71https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/952/71http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/952/71https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/952/71https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/952/71http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/952/71GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/952/71/table3 (Stellar parameters of new M48 candidates)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/952/71/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/952/71/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/952/71/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true122.9998333-5.95938890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/952/71/table5 (Stellar atmosphere and Li abundances for M48 members and likely members)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/952/71/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/952/71/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/952/71/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true123.4367958-5.80022810.0055555555555555565/5443 6/https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/952/71?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/952/71/table3Stellar parameters of new M48 candidatesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintOld[2014/2281]? Old stellar identifier from Paper I (Sun+ 2020, J/AJ/159/220)meta.idintnullableID[2119/3073] Stellar identifier (new IDs from this paper are among 3001 and 3073)meta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000[8] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[5/6] Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainVmag[9.4/16.1] Apparent V band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatB-V[0.03/1.02]? The (B-V) color (1)magphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.VfloatnullableRVel1[-46/102] First night radial velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatRVel2[-38/84]? Second night radial velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableRVel3[6.6/21]? Third night radial velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullablee_RVel1[0.5/9] Uncertainty in RVel1km/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloate_RVel2[0.3/10]? Uncertainty in RVel2km/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatnullablee_RVel3[0.6/4]? Uncertainty in RVel3km/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableRVelC[-15/12]? Combined radial velocity (2)km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullablee_RVelC[0.3/19]? Uncertainty in RVelCkm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatnullablel_vsiniLimit flag on vsinimeta.code.error;phys.veloc.rotatcharvsini[20/250] Projected rotational velocitykm/sphys.veloc.rotatinte_vsini[0.2/15]? Uncertainty in vsinikm/sstat.error;phys.veloc.rotatfloatnullableMmMultiplicity and membership (3)meta.code.membercharf_Mm[*] Flag on Mm (G1)meta.code;meta.code.membercharConfigWIYN/Hydra configuration(s)instr.setupcharM48mLi abundances and stellar atmosphere for the new M48 members and likely members (link to Table 5)meta.ref.urlintnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableJ/ApJ/952/71/table5Stellar atmosphere and Li abundances for M48 members and likely membersB15Display data from Barnes+ 2015, J/A+A/583/A73 within 0.5"meta.ref.urlintnullableTPer[1.2/9.4]? Period derived from TESS light curvesdtime.periodfloatnullablee_TPer[0.08/1.8]? Uncertainty in TPerdstat.error;time.periodfloatnullableTeff[4056/8575] Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveinte_Teff[5/939]? Uncertainty in TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintnullablelogg[2.4/4.8] Log surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[2002/3070] Stellar identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintWOCS[1003/87755]? WOCS identifier from the photometry paper (in prep)meta.idintnullableMmMultiplicity and membership (1)meta.code.membercharf_Mm[*] Flag on Mm (G1)meta.code;meta.code.membercharB-Veff[0.04/1.4] Averaged (B-V) color (2)magphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Vfloate_B-Veff[0.002/0.2] Uncertainty in B-Veffmagstat.error;phot.color;em.optfloatf_B-Veff[*] Flag on B-Veff (3)meta.code;phot.color;em.optcharl_vsiniLimit flag on vsinimeta.code.error;phys.veloc.rotatcharvsini[20/300]? Projected rotational velocitykm/sphys.veloc.rotatintnullableOvsini[31]? Other projected rotational velocitykm/sphys.veloc.rotatintnullablee_vsini[0.1/14.5]? Uncertainty in vsinikm/sstat.error;phys.veloc.rotatfloatnullablee_Ovsini[5.1]? Uncertainty in Ovsinikm/sstat.error;phys.veloc.rotatfloatnullablef_vsini[yes/no ] Indicates whether vsini is from H{alpha} line fittingmeta.code;phys.veloc.rotatcharPer[1.8/13.4]? Rotational period from Barnes+ 2015, J/A+A/583/A73dtime.periodfloatnullablee_Per[0.02/1.8]? Uncertainty in Perdstat.error;time.periodfloatnullableVt[0.8/4.5] Microturbulent velocitykm/sphys.veloc.microTurbfloatSNR[55/1063] Combined spectra signal-to-Noise ratiostat.snrintFWHM[604/13416] Full-Width at Half-Maximum in milliAngstroms1e-13mspect.line.widthintl_A(Li)Limit flag on A(Li)meta.code.error;phys.abundcharA(Li)[-0.1/4.3]? Lithium abundancephys.abundfloatnullablee_A(Li)[0.02/0.2]? Uncertainty in A(Li) (4)stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableCommentsCommentsmeta.notecharNewStellar parameters for the new M48 candidates (link to Table 3)meta.ref.urlintnullable_RAPositions from SIMBAD or from Table 3 of this catalog (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from SIMBAD or from Table 3 of this catalog (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable