J/ApJ/951/45ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/951/45doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/ba-xq-1dCDSAbbasi R.Ackermann M.Adams J.Aggarwal N.Aguilar J.A.Ahlers M.,Alameddine J.M.Alves A.A.J.Amin N.M.Andeen K.Anderson T.,Anton G.Arguelles C.Ashida Y.Athanasiadou S.Axani S.N.Bai X.,A.B. VBaricevic M.Barwick S.W.Basu V.Bay R.Beatty J.J.,Becker K.-H.Tjus J.B.Beise J.Bellenghi C.Benda S.BenZvi S.,Berley D.Bernardini E.Besson D.Z.Binder G.Bindig D.Blaufuss E.,Blot S.Bontempo F.Book J.Y.Borowka J.Meneguolo C.B.Boser S.,Botner O.Bottcher J.Bourbeau E.Braun J.Brinson B.,Brostean-Kaiser J.Burley R.T.Busse R.S.Campana M.A.,Carnie-Bronca E.G.Chen C.Chen Z.Chirkin D.Choi K.Clark B.A.,Classen L.Coleman A.Collin G.H.Connolly A.Conrad J.M.Coppin P.,Correa P.Countryman S.Cowen D.F.Cross R.Dappen C.Dave P.,De Clercq C.DeLaunay J.J.Delgado Lopez D.Dembinski H.Deoskar K.,Desai A.Desiati P.de Vries K.D.de Wasseige G.DeYoung T.Diaz A.,Diaz-Velez J.C.Dittmer M.Dujmovic H.DuVernois M.A.Ehrhardt T.,Eller P.Engel R.Erpenbeck H.Evans J.Evenson P.A.Fan K.L.,Fazely A.R.Fedynitch A.Feigl N.Fiedlschuster S.Fienberg A.T.,Finley C.Fischer L.Fox D.Franckowiak A.Friedman E.Fritz A.,Furst P.Gaisser T.K.Gallagher J.Ganster E.Garcia A.Garrappa S.,Gerhardt L.Ghadimi A.Glaser C.Glauch T.Glusenkamp T.Goehlke N.,Gonzalez J.G.Goswami S.Grant D.Gray S.J.Gregoire T.Griswold S.,Gunther C.Gutjahr P.Haack C.Hallgren A.Halliday R.Halve L.,Halzen F.Hamdaoui H.Minh M.HaHanson K.Hardin J.Harnisch A.A.,Hatch P.Haungs A.Helbing K.Hellrung J.Henningsen F.Heuermann L.,Hickford S.Hidvegi A.Hill C.Hill G.C.Hoffman K.D.Hoshina K.,Hou W.Huber T.Hultqvist K.Hunnefeld M.Hussain R.Hymon K.In S.,Iovine N.Ishihara A.Jansson M.Japaridze G.S.Jeong M.Jin M.,Jones B.J.P.Kang D.Kang W.Kang X.Kappes A.Kappesser D.,Kardum L.Karg T.Karl M.Karle A.Katz U.Kauer M.Kelley J.L.,Kheirandish A.Kin K.Kiryluk J.Klein S.R.Kochocki A.Koirala R.,Kolanoski H.Kontrimas T.Kopke L.Kopper C.Koskinen D.J.,Koundal P.Kovacevich M.Kowalski M.Kozynets T.Krupczak E.Kun E.,Kurahashi N.Lad N.Lagunas Gualda C.Larson M.J.Lauber F.,Lazar J.P.Lee J.W.Leonard K.Leszczynska A.Lincetto M.Liu Q.R.,Liubarska M.Lohfink E.Love C.Mariscal C.J.L.Lu L.Lucarelli F.,Ludwig A.Luszczak W.Lyu Y.Ma W.Y.Madsen J.Mahn K.B.M.,Makino Y.Mancina S.Sainte W.M.Maris I.C.Marka S.Marka Z.,Marsee M.Martinez-Soler I.Maruyama R.McElroy T.McNally F.,Mead J.V.Meagher K.Mechbal S.Medina A.Meier M.Meighen-Berger S.,Merckx Y.Micallef J.Mockler D.Montaruli T.Moore R.W.Morse R.,Moulai M.Mukherjee T.Naab R.Nagai R.Naumann U.Nayerhoda A.,Necker J.Neumann M.Niederhausen H.Nisa M.U.Noell A.Nowicki S.C.,Pollmann A.O.Oehler M.Oeyen B.Olivas A.Orsoe R.Osborn J.,O'Sullivan E.Pandya H.Pankova D.V.Park N.Parker G.K.Paudel E.N.,Paul L.de los Heros C.P.Peters L.Peterson J.Philippen S.,Pieper S.Pizzuto A.Plum M.Popovych Y.Porcelli A.,Prado Rodriguez M.Pries B.Procter-Murphy R.Przybylski G.T.Raab C.,Rack-Helleis J.Rameez M.Rawlins K.Rechav Z.Rehman A.,Reichherzer P.Renzi G.Resconi E.Reusch S.Rhode W.Richman M.,Riedel B.Roberts E.J.Robertson S.Rodan S.Roellinghoff G.,Rongen M.Rott C.Ruhe T.Ruohan L.Ryckbosch D.Rysewyk Cantu D.,Safa I.Saffer J.Salazar-Gallegos D.Sampathkumar P.,Sanchez Herrera S.E.Sandrock A.Santander M.Sarkar S.Sarkar S.,Savelberg J.Schaufel M.Schieler H.Schindler S.Schlueter B.,Schmidt T.Schneider J.Schroder F.G.Schumacher L.Schwefer G.,Sclafani S.Seunarine S.Sharma A.Shefali S.Shimizu N.Silva M.,Skrzypek B.Smithers B.Snihur R.Soedingrekso J.Sogaard A.,Soldin D.Spannfellner C.Spiczak G.M.Spiering C.Stamatikos M.,Stanev T.Stein R.Stezelberger T.Sturwald T.Stuttard T.,Sullivan G.W.Taboada I.Ter-Antonyan S.Thompson W.G.Thwaites J.,Tilav S.Tollefson K.Tonnis C.Toscano S.Tosi D.Trettin A.,Tung C.F.Turcotte R.Twagirayezu J.P.Ty B.Unland Elorrieta M.A.,Upshaw K.Valtonen-Mattila N.Vandenbroucke J.van Eijndhoven N.,Vannerom D.van Santen J.Vara J.Veitch-Michaelis J.Verpoest S.,Veske D.Walck C.Wang W.Watson T.B.Weaver C.Weigel P.Weindl A.,Weldert J.Wendt C.Werthebach J.Weyrauch M.Whitehorn N.,Wiebusch C.H.Willey N.Williams D.R.Wolf M.Wrede G.Wulff J.,Xu X.W.Yanez J.P.Yildizci E.Yoshida S.Yu S.Yuan T.Zhang Z.,Zhelnin P.The IceCube Collaboration2026-07-02T11:59:56Z2025-09-23T12:25:27ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frneutrino-astronomytransient-sourcesBeginning in 2016, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory has sent out alerts in real time containing the information of high-energy (E>~100TeV) neutrino candidate events with moderate to high (>~30%) probability of astrophysical origin. In this work, we use a recent catalog of such alert events, which, in addition to events announced in real time, includes events that were identified retroactively and covers the time period of 2011-2020. We also search for additional, lower-energy neutrinos from the arrival directions of these IceCube alerts. We show how performing such an analysis can constrain the contribution of rare populations of cosmic neutrino sources to the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux. After searching for neutrino emission coincident with these alert events on various timescales, we find no significant evidence of either minute-scale or day-scale transient neutrino emission or of steady neutrino emission in the direction of these alert events. This study also shows how numerous a population of neutrino sources has to be to account for the complete astrophysical neutrino flux. Assuming that sources have the same luminosity, an E^-2.5^ neutrino spectrum, and number densities that follow star formation rates, the population of sources has to be more numerous than 7x10^-9^Mpc^-3^. This number changes to 3x10^-7^Mpc^-3^ if number densities instead have no cosmic evolution.2023ApJ...951...45Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/951/45CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/448/2210 : Swift follow-up of IceCube triggers (Evans+, 2015)J/A+A/650/A83 : Radio flux densities of neutrino associations (Hovatta+, 2021)J/ApJ/918/78 : Neutrinos in coincidence with GWs from LIGO/Virgo (Abe+, 2021)J/ApJ/920/L45 : Catalog of neutrino emissions (Abbasi+, 2021)J/ApJ/934/180 : IceCube's neutrinos with 4FGL, 2SXPS + CRATES (Kun+, 2022)J/ApJS/269/25 : IceCube Event Cat. of Alert Tracks (ICECAT-1) (Abbasi+, 2023)J/A+A/690/A111 : IceCube neutrinos-blazars association (Kouch+, 2024)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/951/45https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/951/45http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/951/45https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/951/45https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/951/45http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/951/45GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/951/45/table3 (Results from the individual skymap analyses for each of the time windows analyzed)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/951/45/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/951/45/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/951/45/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true138.47-1.940.0055555555555555566/183-184 219 224 332 428 556 611 676 783 1188 1277 1500 1547 1667 2307 3832 3991 4026 4070 4283 4286 4346 4401 4418 4438 4651 4833 4923 4934 5040 5085 5088 5192 5199 5354 5509 5572 5629 5906 5923 6031 6241 6262 6643 7064 8212 8253 8371 8385 8425 8469 8552 8638 8894 9068 9106 9226 9466 9481 9574 10304 10376 10398 10600 10801 11318 11351 11760 12429 12471 12491 12787 12808 12812 12883 12892 12899 13103 13161 13243 13363 13733 14366 14534 14692 15313 15429 15532 15590 17137 17243 17285 17477 17549 17657 17829 17847 17850 18060 18063 18133 18152 18171 18248 18263 18276 18278 18298 18763 18796 18808 18868 19001 19014 19053 19119 19131 19166 19200 19202 19204 19213 19296 19312 19353 19482 19512 19697 19822 19846 19855 20097 20963 21172 21789 21908 21937 21998 22002 22058 22130 22187 22226 22245 22402 22472 22490 22499 22543 22841 22941 22946 22951 22979 22983 22992 23002 23015 23035 23101 23148 23176 23183 23207 23319 23330 23346 23571 23659 23679 23697 23751 23766 23810 23866 23959 24096-24097 24236 24259 24299 25144 25279 25595 25845 25959 25962 26103 26120 26134 26166 26221 26278 26385 26387 26533 26572 26577 26935 26953 27193 27246 27274 27278 27301 27362 27425 27434 27436-27437 27460 27509 27513 27529 27666 27994 28219 28354 28383 28407 28450 28472 28537 28620 28926 29397 29448 29633 29676 29737 29977 30044 30265 30370 30463 30469 30592 30595 30686 31050 31282 31318 31346 31447 31488 31555 31654 31670 31739 31748 31787 32102 32281 32495 32599 32610 32729 34593 36479 36637 37169 39670 40563 40845 40972 43920 44080 44661 45020 48232 48267https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/951/45?format=asciidefaultJ/ApJ/951/45/table3Results from the individual skymap analyses for each of the time windows analyzedrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintAlertAlert identifier in ICECAT-1 (Abbasi+ 2023, J/ApJS/269/25)meta.id;meta.maincharRun[118178/134818] Run identifiermeta.id;obsintEvent[81419/84363835] Event identifiermeta.idintRAJ2000Best fit right Ascension (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-86.1/84.6] Best fit declination (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainMJD[55695/59205.1] Modified Julian Datedtime.epochdoublelogp500[0/3.3]? Pre-trial p-value for +/-500s time window casestat.fit.paramfloatnullablef_logp500Flag on logp500 (2)meta.codecharlogp1[0/2.2]? Pre-trial p-value for +/-1d time window casestat.fit.paramfloatnullablef_logp1Flag on logp1 (2)meta.codecharRAStdeg? Right Ascension (J2000) (RA_steady_) (3)degpos.eq.ranullableDEStdeg[-86/82.6]? Declination (J2000) (DE_steady_) (3)degpos.eq.decnullableTS[0/17]? Analysis test statistic; time-integrated analysisstat.fit.goodnessfloatnullablens[1.6/82]? Best-fit Number of signal neutrino events; time-integrated analysismeta.numberfloatnullablegamma[1.3/5]? Best-fit Spectral index; time-integrated analysisspect.index;meta.modelledfloatnullablelogpSt[0/2.8]? Pre-trial p-value for time-integrated case (--log_10_(p_steady_))stat.fit.paramfloatnullablef_logpStFlag on logSt, ns, and gamma (2)meta.codecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar