J/ApJ/949/48ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/949/48doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/ba-xn-1gCDSAbuchaim Y.Perottoni H.D.Rossi S.Limberg G.Perez-Villegas A.,Santucci R.M.Placco V.M.Sales-Silva J.V.Anders F.Rocha-Pinto H.J.2026-07-02T11:59:16Z2025-07-22T15:21:33ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frline-intensitieschemical-abundancesinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomyspectroscopymilky-way-galaxyWe present a chemodynamical study of the Triangulum-Andromeda overdensity (TriAnd) employing a sample of 31 candidate stars observed with the GRACES high-resolution (R=40,000) spectrograph at the Gemini North (8.1m) telescope. TriAnd is a stellar substructure found toward the outer disk of the Milky Way, located at R_GC_~18kpc from the Sun, toward Galactic latitude b~25{deg}. Most stars in our sample have dynamical properties compatible with a disk stellar population. In addition, by applying an eccentricity cut, we are able to detect a stellar contamination that seems to be consistent with an accreted population. In chemical abundance space, the majority of our TriAnd candidates are similar to the outer thin-disk population, suggesting that the overdensity has an in situ origin. Finally, the found accreted halo interlopers spatially overlapping with TriAnd should explain the historical discussion of the overdensity's nature due to its complex chemical patterns.2023ApJ...949...48Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/949/48CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)III/286 : APOGEE-2 DR17 final allStar catalog (Abdurro'uf+, 2022)VII/233 : 2MASS All-Sky Extended Source Catalog (XSC) (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)J/A+A/442/1127 : Library of 2500-10500{AA} synthetic spectra (Munari+, 2005)J/MNRAS/398/1757 : RR Lyraes in SDSS stripe 82 (Watkins+, 2009)J/ApJ/709/447 : Chemical composition of OGLE-2007-BLG-514S (Epstein+, 2010)J/A+A/511/L10 : Abundances and space velocities of 94 stars (Nissen+, 2010)J/A+A/530/A15 : Abundances of 94 stars (Nissen+, 2011)J/AJ/141/175 : Abundances in M15 RGB/RHB stars (Sobeck+, 2011)J/A+A/562/A71 : Abundances of solar neighbourhood dwarfs (Bensby+, 2014)J/ApJ/793/62 : Triangulum-Andromeda stellar properties (Sheffield+, 2014)J/ApJ/859/L8 : Properties of TriAnd stars (Hayes+, 2018)J/ApJ/852/49 : Properties of metal-poor stars in APOGEE DR13 (Hayes+, 2018)J/MNRAS/474/4112 : Candidate RR Lyr star streams in inner Galaxy (Mateu+, 2018)J/MNRAS/478/3809 : TGAS distances (Schonrich+, 2018)J/ApJ/854/47 : Monoceros Ring RRab & A13 overdensities (Sheffield+, 2018)J/ApJS/249/30 : R-Process Alliance: metal-poor star sp. (Holmbeck+, 2020)J/AJ/160/181 : Chemical abundances in red giants with Magellan (Ji+, 2020)J/A+A/638/A76 : StarHorse data for 5 surveys (Queiroz+, 2020)J/MNRAS/500/889 : S2 stream. Shreds of a primitive dwarf gal. (Aguado+, 2021)J/MNRAS/506/150 : The GALAH+ Survey DR3 (Buder+, 2021)J/ApJ/914/123 : Gaia DR2 and EDR3 stars with sp. follow-up (Ibata+, 2021)J/ApJ/910/46 : Gal. anticenter substructure stars from LAMOST (Li+, 2021)J/ApJ/907/10 : Initial vs final sample of VMP HK/HES stars (Limberg+, 2021)J/A+A/646/A99 : Gaia DR2 Monoceros and ACS candidates (Ramos+, 2021)J/A+A/660/A88 : Abundances of Local Group globular clusters (Larsen+, 2022)J/ApJ/926/154 : Cerium in open clusters from OCCAM (Sales-Silva+, 2022)J/MNRAS/513/1958 : Study of RR Lyrae stars in MW substructures (Wang+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/949/48https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/949/48http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/949/48https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/949/48https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/949/48http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/949/48GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/949/48/stars (Triangulum-Andromeda overdensity (TriAnd) star candidates (Table 1), derived parameters (Table 2) and abundances (Table 4))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/949/48/stars?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/949/48/stars?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/949/48/stars?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true357.49234.76580560.0055555555555555565/599 6/732 755 2204 2270 2364 2405 2425 2485 2505 2514 2529 2615 2685-2686 2760 2784 2822 2852 2856 2864 13530 20382 20434 20451-20452 204558.650015785639275e-20 1.7003137259100215e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/949/48?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/949/48/starsTriangulum-Andromeda overdensity (TriAnd) star candidates (Table 1), derived parameters (Table 2) and abundances (Table 4)e_[Ba/H]LTE[0.004/0.3]? Uncertainty in [Ba/H]LTEstat.error;phys.abundfloatnullable[Eu/H]LTE[-0.9/0.1]? LTE derived log Eu/H abundancephys.abundfloatnullable[Ba/Eu]LTE[-0.61/0.11]? LTE derived log Ba/Eu abundancephys.abundfloatnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAdegRight Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.raDEdeg[25.2/49.3] Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.decGLON[94/149] Galactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lon2MASS2MASS identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharGLAT[-33.1/-13.39] Galactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latfloatJmag[10.7/12.4] 2MASS J band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.JfloatHmag[9.77/11.7] 2MASS H band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.HfloatKmag[9.5/11.5] 2MASS Ks band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatS/N[47.5/69.1] Signal-to-Noise ratiostat.snrfloatExp[600/1400] Exposure timestime.duration;obs.exposureintTeff[3839/4336] Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveinte_Teff[22/196] Uncertainty in TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintlogg[0.19/1.4] log surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloate_logg[0.1/0.7] Uncertainty in logglog(cm.s**-2)stat.error;phys.gravityfloatVt[1.28/2.4] Microturbulent velocitykm/sphys.veloc.microTurbfloate_Vt[0.06/0.51] Uncertainty in Vtkm/sstat.error;phys.veloc.microTurbfloatRVel[-271/-21.7] Radial velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVelocfloate_RVel[0.5/3] Uncertainty in RVelkm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloat[Fe/H]LTE[-1.5/-0.39] LTE derived log Fe/H abundancephys.abund.Fefloat[Fe/H]NLTE[-1.5/-0.38] NLTE derived log Fe/H abundancephys.abund.Fefloate_[Fe/H]LTE[0.028/0.3] Uncertainty in [Fe/H]LTEstat.error;phys.abund.Fefloat[Na/H]LTE[-1.54/-0.48] LTE derived log Na/H abundancephys.abundfloate_[Na/H]LTE[0.04/0.6] Uncertainty in [Na/H]LTEstat.error;phys.abundfloat[Mg/H]LTE[-1.2/-0.467] LTE derived log MG/H abundancephys.abundfloat[Mg/H]NLTE[-1.2/-0.468] NLTE derived log MG/H abundancephys.abundfloate_[Mg/H]LTE[0.05/0.6] Uncertainty in [Mg/H]LTEstat.error;phys.abundfloat[Al/H]LTE[-1.5/-0.3] LTE derived log Al/H abundancephys.abundfloate_[Al/H]LTE[0.04/0.4] Uncertainty in [Al/H]LTEstat.error;phys.abundfloat[Si/H]LTE[-1.26/-0.42] LTE derived log Si/H abundancephys.abundfloat[Si/H]NLTE[-1.26/-0.43] NLTE derived log Si/H abundancephys.abundfloate_[Si/H]LTE[0.05/0.5] Uncertainty in [Si/H]LTEstat.error;phys.abundfloat[Ca/H]LTE[-1.23/-0.55] LTE derived log Ca/H abundancephys.abundfloat[Ca/H]NLTE[-1.23/-0.5] NLTE derived log Ca/H abundancephys.abundfloate_[Ca/H]LTE[0.07/0.4] Uncertainty in [Ca/H]LTEstat.error;phys.abundfloat[Ti/H]LTE[-1.5/-0.43] LTE derived log Ti/H abundancephys.abundfloate_[Ti/H]LTE[0.07/0.5] Uncertainty in [Ti/H]LTEstat.error;phys.abundfloat[Cr/H]LTE[-1.55/-0.58] LTE derived log Cr/H abundancephys.abundfloat[Cr/H]NLTE[-1.55/-0.52] NLTE derived log Cr/H abundancephys.abundfloate_[Cr/H]LTE[0.05/0.5] Uncertainty in [Cr/H]LTEstat.error;phys.abundfloat[Ni/H]LTE[-0.15/0.08] LTE derived log Ni/H abundancephys.abundfloate_[Ni/H]LTE[0.06/0.3] Uncertainty in [Ni/H]LTEstat.error;phys.abundfloat[Ba/H]LTE[-1.2/-0.3]? LTE derived log Ba/H abundancephys.abundfloatnullableEWDisplay the Equivalent Width for that star (link to Table 3)meta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from 2MASS names (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from 2MASS names (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/949/48/table3Equivalent widths for TriAnd star candidates employed in this workrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintEW31[9.7/252]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ3402184143+4612011 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablelambda[4730.04/8772.8] Wavelength; Angstroms0.1nmem.wlfloatSp[11.0/28.0] Species identifierphys.atmol.ionStagefloatExPot[0.12/5.86] Excitation potentialeVphys.atmol.excitationfloatlog(gf)[-6/0.6] Log oscillator strengthphys.atmol.oscStrengthfloatEW01[12.9/181]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ423495808+3445569 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW02[20/150]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ500534976+4626089 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW03[18.7/148.3]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ600594094+4614332 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW04[14.7/211.4]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ723535441+3449575 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW05[5.4/146.3]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ800075751+3359414 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW06[10/149]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ901020943+4643251 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW07[13.8/216]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ1002350813+4455263 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW08[13.7/147.6]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ1102475442+4429269 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW09[10.5/213.2]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ1223481637+3129372 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW10[9.7/149]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ1301151944+4713512 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW11[17/149]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ1402463235+4314481 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW12[8.5/227.6]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ1502485891+4312154 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW13[11.9/150]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ1602510349+4342045 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW14[7/194.3]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ1722344771+3545006 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW15[11.6/255.6]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ1822333278+3605357 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW16[15.6/231]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ1923534927+3659173 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW17[7/231.5]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ2000523040+3933030 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW18[19.6/258.1]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ2102165554+3921295 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW19[10/270.4]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ2202025792+4628148 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW20[18.5/268.4]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ2301180060+3014151 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW21[7.4/267.4]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ2402273411+2515043 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW22[13.8/258.4]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ2500194223+4559569 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW23[9.7/266]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ2601282462+4413349 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW24[12.4/254]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ2701390736+3739126 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW25[11/261]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ2801564607+4442296 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW26[19.9/262]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ2901151093+4918038 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW27[16/265]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ3000313809+4416285 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW28[14.5/251]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ3102143193+2608327 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW29[13/290]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ3202343917+4217408 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW30[9.9/279]? Equivalenth width in 2MASSJ3302082272+4512126 in m{AA}0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullable