J/ApJ/944/47ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/944/47doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19440047CDSGriffith E.J.Johnson J.A.Weinberg D.H.Ilyin I.Johnson J.W.,Rodriguez-Martinez R.Strassmeier K.G.2025-03-07T20:10:40Z2025-02-26T07:52:38ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frchemical-abundancesvisible-astronomyspectroscopychemically-peculiar-starseffective-temperatureWe measure abundances of 12 elements (Na, Mg, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) in a sample of 86 metal-poor (-2<~[Fe/H]<~-1) subgiant stars in the solar neighborhood. Abundances are derived from high-resolution spectra taken with the Potsdam Echelle Polarimetric and Spectroscopic Instrument on the Large Binocular Telescope, modeled using iSpec and MOOG. By carefully quantifying the impact of photon-noise (<0.05dex for all elements), we robustly measure the intrinsic scatter of abundance ratios. At fixed [Fe/H], the rms intrinsic scatter in [X/Fe] ranges from 0.04 (Cr) to 0.16dex (Na), with a median of 0.08dex. Scatter in [X/Mg] is similar, and accounting for [{alpha}/Fe] only reduces the overall scatter moderately. We consider several possible origins of the intrinsic scatter with particular attention to fluctuations in the relative enrichment by core-collapse supernovae (CCSN) and Type Ia supernovae and stochastic sampling of the CCSN progenitor mass distribution. The stochastic sampling scenario provides a good quantitative explanation of our data if the effective number of CCSN contributing to the enrichment of a typical sample star is N~50. At the median metallicity of our sample, this interpretation implies that the CCSN ejecta are mixed over a gas mass ~6x10^4^M_{sun}_ before forming stars. The scatter of elemental abundance ratios is a powerful diagnostic test for simulations of star formation, feedback, and gas mixing in the early phases of the Galaxy.2023ApJ...944...47Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/944/47CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)VII/233 : 2MASS All-Sky Extended Source Catalog (XSC) (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)I/289 : UCAC2 Catalogue (Zacharias+ 2004)II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)V/164 : LAMOST DR5 catalogs (Luo+, 2019)I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)III/284 : APOGEE-2 data from DR16 (Johnsson+, 2020)I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)J/AJ/120/1841 : Abund. & Kinematics of Halo and Disk Stars (Fulbright 2000)J/A+A/410/527 : Abundances in the Galactic disk (Bensby+, 2003)J/A+A/440/321 : Chemical abundances in 43 metal-poor stars (Jonsell+, 2005)J/AJ/136/2782 : Star formation efficiency in nearby galaxies (Leroy+, 2008)J/A+A/511/L10 : Abundances and space velocities of 94 stars (Nissen+, 2010)J/A+A/530/A15 : Abundances of 94 stars (Nissen+, 2011)J/A+A/562/A71 : Abundances of solar neighbourhood dwarfs (Bensby+, 2014)J/AJ/147/136 : Stars of very low metal abundance. VI. (Roederer+, 2014)J/ApJ/807/171 : SkyMapper Survey metal-poor star sp. (Jacobson+, 2015)J/A+A/594/A43 : APOGEE/Kepler sample stars abundances (Hawkins+, 2016)J/MNRAS/460/884 : EMBLA survey. Galactic bulge metal-poor stars (Howes+, 2016)J/ApJ/852/49 : Properties of metal-poor stars in APOGEE DR13 (Hayes+, 2018)J/MNRAS/488/2283 : COMBS survey. Galactic Bulge metal-poor stars (Lucey+, 2019)J/AJ/158/14 : Stellar populations of GCs using APOGEE (Nataf+, 2019)J/ApJS/245/34 : Abund. for 6 million stars from LAMOST DR5 (Xiang+, 2019)J/MNRAS/493/5195 : Milky Way halo stars ages and kinematics (Das+, 2020)J/MNRAS/506/150 : The GALAH+ Survey DR3 (Buder+, 2021)J/A+A/645/A106 : Atomic data for the Gaia-ESO Survey (Heiter+, 2021)J/ApJ/931/147 : Very metal-poor stars with LAMOST & Subaru. II. (Li+, 2022)J/A+A/665/A33 : Non-LTE abundances for Na, Mg and Al (Lind+, 2022)J/A+A/665/A10 : CERES I. Abundances for 52 star (Lombardo+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/944/47https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/944/47http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/944/47https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/944/47https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/944/47http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/944/47GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/944/47/param (Spectroscopic and photometric stellar parameters (Table 2) and Abundances (Table 3))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/944/47/param?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/944/47/param?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/944/47/param?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.559291732.47194440.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/944/47/table1 (Observing details)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/944/47/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/944/47/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/944/47/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true112.461833332.866250.0055555555555555566/6 1311 1653 2226 2366 2596 4261 4431 4497 4512 4690 4810 4949 5265 5755 5911 6076 6268 6348 6782 6842 7104 7176 7264 8345-8346 8399 8739 8757 8822 8952 9082 9174 9443 9754 9843 9888 10058 10086 10523 10551 10636 10641 10697 10797 12497 12928 13140 14763 14956 15132 15169 17845 19165 19698 19872 19971 20023 20422 20479 21962 22362 22732 22898 23280 23442 24052 24104 25598 25849 25961-25962 26025 26251 26415 26558 26969 26976 26991 26995 27097 27658 27898 27972 28292 28299 28339 28604 28634 28636 28647 31354 31531 31601 31731 31735 32271 32345https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/944/47?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/944/47/paramSpectroscopic and photometric stellar parameters (Table 2) and Abundances (Table 3)NameStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharTeff2[5034/6720] Photometric (EXOFASTv2) effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveinte_Teff2[74/445] Uncertainty in Teff2Kstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintNiH[-2.1/0.07] Abundance, NiHphys.abundfloatnullablee_NiH[0.01/0.2] Uncertainty in NiHstat.error;phys.abundfloatnullable_RAPositions from 2MASS names or SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from 2MASS names or SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTeff1[5061/7288] Spectroscopic (iSpec) effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveinte_Teff1[16/378] Uncertainty in Teff1Kstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintlogg1[2.89/4.62] Log, Spectroscopic (iSpec) surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloate_logg1[0.03/0.7] Uncertainty in logg1log(cm.s**-2)stat.error;phys.gravityfloatvt[0/2.92] Spectroscopic (iSpec), microturbulent velocitykm/sphys.velocfloate_vt[0/3.4] Uncertainty in vtkm/sstat.error;phys.velocfloatlogg2[3.2/4.32] Log, Photometric (EXOFASTv2) surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloate_logg2[0.03/0.2] Uncertainty in logg2log(cm.s**-2)stat.error;phys.gravityfloatFeH[-2.21/0.03] Abundance, FeHphys.abund.Fefloatnullablee_FeH[0.01/0.2] Uncertainty in FeHstat.error;phys.abund.FefloatnullableMgH[-1.86/0.08] Abundance, MgHphys.abundfloatnullablee_MgH[0.01/0.21] Uncertainty in MgHstat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableSiH[-1.72/0.03] Abundance, SiHphys.abundfloatnullablee_SiH[0.01/0.12] Uncertainty in SiHstat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableCaH[-1.85/0.1] Abundance, CaHphys.abundfloatnullablee_CaH[0.01/0.12] Uncertainty in CaHstat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableTiH[-1.83/0.08] Abundance, TiHphys.abundfloatnullablee_TiH[0.01/0.25] Uncertainty in TiHstat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableNaH[-2.2/0.1] Abundance, NaHphys.abundfloatnullablee_NaH[0.01/0.13] Uncertainty in NaHstat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableScH[-2.3/0.07] Abundance, ScHphys.abundfloatnullablee_ScH[0.02/0.3] Uncertainty in ScHstat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableVH[-2.25/0.11] Abundance, VHphys.abundfloatnullablee_VH[0.02/0.3] Uncertainty in VHstat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableCrH[-2.3/0.05] Abundance, CrHphys.abundfloatnullablee_CrH[0.02/0.21] Uncertainty in CrHstat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableMnH[-2.66/0.06] Abundance, MnHphys.abundfloatnullablee_MnH[0.01/0.3] Uncertainty in MnHstat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableCoH[-2.21/0] Abundance, CoHphys.abundfloatnullablee_CoH[0.02/0.25] Uncertainty in CoHstat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableJ/ApJ/944/47/table1Observing detailsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameStar name (1)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryParamDisplay the spectroscopic and photometric stellar parameters if any (link to Tables 2+3)meta.ref.urlcharVmag[9.42/13.5] V-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatObs[2021/2022] Observation date, yeartime.epoch;obsExpTime[300/2164] Exposure timestime.duration;obs.exposurefloatSNR-CDII[64/230] Signal-to-noise per pixel for cross-dispersers (CD) II (blue)stat.snr;em.opt.BintSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharSNR-CDIV[134/443] Signal-to-noise per pixel for CDIV (red)stat.snr;em.opt.VintLAMOSTDisplay data from LAMOST DR5 (V/164)meta.ref.urlcharGaiaDisplay data from Gaia eDR3 (I/350) and DR3 (I/355)meta.ref.urlchar2MDisplay the 2MASS data (II/246) within 3"meta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from 2MASS names or SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from 2MASS names or SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main