J/ApJ/944/39ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/944/39doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19440039CDSHealy B.F.McCullough P.R.Schlaufman K.C.Kovacs G.2026-02-10T20:05:37Z2025-02-25T16:04:10ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clustersstellar-radiitwo-color-diagramseffective-temperaturevisible-astronomyWe analyze spectroscopic and photometric data to determine the projected inclinations of stars in 11 open clusters, placing constraints on the spin-axis distributions of six clusters. We combine these results with four additional clusters studied by Healy & McCullough (Paper I; 2020, J/ApJ/903/99) and Healy+ (Paper II; 2021, J/ApJ/923/23) to perform an ensemble analysis of their spins. We find that eight out of 10 constrained clusters (80%) have spin-axis orientations consistent with isotropy, and we establish a lower limit of four out of 10 (40%) isotropic clusters at 75% confidence, assuming no correlation of spins between clusters. We also identify two clusters whose spin-axis distributions can be better described by a model consisting of an aligned fraction of stars combined with an isotropic distribution. However, the inclination values of these stars may be influenced by systematic error, and the small number of stars modeled as aligned in these two clusters precludes the interpretation that their stellar subsets are physically aligned. Overall, no cluster displays an unambiguous signature of spin alignment, and 97% of the stars in our sample are consistent with isotropic orientations in their respective clusters. Our results offer support for the dominance of turbulence over ordered rotation in clumps and do not suggest the alignment of rotation axes and magnetic fields in protostars.2023ApJ...944...39Hhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/944/39CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/259 : The Tycho-2 Catalogue (Hog+ 2000)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)VII/233 : 2MASS All-Sky Extended Source Catalog (XSC) (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)II/349 : The Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR1 (Chambers+, 2016)II/335 : Revised cat. of GALEX UV sources (GUVcat_AIS GR6+7) (Bianchi+ 2017)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)V/154 : Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), Release 16 (DR16) (Ahumada+, 2020)IV/39 : TESS Input Catalog version 8.2 (TIC v8.2) (Paegert+, 2021)II/365 : CatWISE2020 catalog (updated version 28-Jan-2021) (Marocco+, 2021)I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)III/286 : APOGEE-2 DR17 final allStar catalog (Abdurro'uf+, 2022)J/A+A/360/472 : Proper motions in omega Centauri (van Leeuwen+, 2000)J/A+A/404/927 : UBVRI photometry of NGC 2422 (Prisinzano+, 2003)J/ApJ/610/1064 : Substellar pop. of young cluster lam Ori (Barrado+, 2004)J/MNRAS/351/1401 : RcIcZ photometry of NGC 2547 (Jeffries+, 2004)J/MNRAS/358/13 : Faint dwarfs in NGC 2547 (Jeffries+, 2005)J/A+A/438/1163 : Catalogue of Open Cluster Data (COCD) (Kharchenko+, 2005)J/AJ/131/2967 : {alpha} Persei open cluster members (Makarov+, 2006)J/A+A/477/165 : Nearby open clusters tidal radii & masses (Piskunov+, 2008)J/MNRAS/393/538 : Stellar association around gamma Vel (Jeffries+, 2009)J/A+A/498/949 : Vel. of 1253 F-K dwarfs in open clusters (Mermilliod+, 2009)J/MNRAS/402/1380 : Rot. velocities in Pleiades and {alpha}Per (Jackson+, 2010)J/A+A/536/A63 : Collinder 69 very low mass stars and BDs (Bayo+, 2011)J/MNRAS/430/1433 : NGC 2264 members periods with CoRoT (Affer+, 2013)J/A+A/558/A53 : MW global survey of star clusters. II. (Kharchenko+, 2013)J/MNRAS/432/1203 : Rotation periods of M-dwarf stars (McQuillan+, 2013)J/A+A/557/L10 : Rotation periods of 12000 Kepler stars (Nielsen+, 2013)J/A+A/564/A125 : AGN Torus model comparison of AGN in CDFS (Buchner+, 2014)J/A+A/563/A94 : Kinematics of the Gamma Vel cluster (Jeffries+, 2014)J/ApJS/211/24 : Rotation periods of Kepler MS stars (McQuillan+, 2014)J/A+A/567/A55 : Metallicity of the {gamma} Vel cluster (Spina+, 2014)J/AJ/148/85 : WIYN open cluster study. LXII. M35 phot. (Thompson+, 2014)J/A+A/583/A73 : Color-period diagram for M48 (NGC2548) (Barnes+, 2015)J/A+A/580/A75 : Velocity precision in the Gaia-ESO Survey (Jackson+, 2015)J/ApJ/807/82 : Rotational velocities of APOKASC red giants (Tayar+, 2015)J/A+A/586/A52 : NGC 2264, NGC 2547 & NGC 2516 stellar radii (Jackson+, 2016)J/MNRAS/457/1028 : alpha Per cluster possible members (Sheikhi+, 2016)J/MNRAS/475/1609 : RV variability in NGC 2516 and NGC 2422 (Bailey+, 2018)J/A+A/618/A93 : Gaia DR2 open clusters in the MW (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2018)J/A+A/616/A10 : Open clusters GaiaDR2 HR diagrams (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/A+A/616/A12 : Gaia DR2 sources in GC and dSph (Gaia Collaboration+, 2018)J/MNRAS/476/3245 : M dwarfs in the Pleiades (Jackson+, 2018)J/A+A/612/L2 : Compilation of stellar rotation data (Kovacs, 2018)J/A+A/619/A155 : Open cluster kinematics with Gaia DR2 (Soubiran+, 2018)J/A+A/623/A108 : Age of 269 GDR2 open clusters (Bossini+, 2019)J/MNRAS/483/1125 : Rad. inflation in Praesepe active M-dwarfs (Jackson+, 2019)J/AJ/158/122 : Local structure & SFH of the MW (Kounkel+, 2019)J/ApJ/870/32 : Kinematics in young star clusters & assoc. (Kuhn+, 2019)J/MNRAS/490/3806 : Exoplanets & var. stars in 47 Tuc field (Nardiello+, 2019)J/ApJ/903/99 : Stellar spins in the open cluster NGC 2516 (Healy+, 2020)J/MNRAS/498/5972 : Var. and dippers in young associations (Nardiello, 2020)J/MNRAS/495/4924 : Exoplanets in Southern open clusters (Nardiello+, 2020)J/ApJ/898/76 : Rot. vel. of APOGEE stars in Kepler field (Simonian+, 2020)J/AJ/159/220 : WOCS LXXIX. M48. I. WIYN sp. for M48 stars (Sun+, 2020)J/ApJ/889/99 : Gaia DR2 Blanco 1 member candidates (Zhang+, 2020)J/MNRAS/506/150 : The GALAH+ Survey DR3 (Buder+, 2021)J/ApJ/923/23 : Stellar spins in the Pleiades, Praesepe & M35 (Healy+, 2021)J/AJ/162/56 : Radial velocity of YSOs with MMT/Hectochelle (Lim+, 2021)J/A+A/645/A84 : Coronae of nearby star clusters (Meingast+, 2021)J/AJ/164/26 : Hot Jupiters isochrone analyse (Hamer+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/944/39https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/944/39http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/944/39https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/944/39https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/944/39http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/944/39GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/944/39/table1 (*Clusters in this study)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/944/39/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/944/39/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/944/39/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true83.752589.840310.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/944/39/table3 (TESS-based rotation periods of stars in targeted clusters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/944/39/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/944/39/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/944/39/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true85.35781565288219.19833714414140.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/944/39/table4 (Relevant quantities and determinations of the inclinations of open cluster members)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/944/39/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/944/39/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/944/39/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true83.99271979.53171690.0055555555555555564/110 5/118 772-773 775 781 784-786 4122 5382 5443 5714 5720 5723 5923 5926 5929 5932 5934 9398 9804 6/449 459 461-463 480 484-485 496 1645 1647 1656 1683 1691 1711 1714 1717 1722-1723 1725-1727 1730 1734 1737 1739 1741-1743 1746 1752 1776-1778 1780 1783-1784 1787 3072 3099 3106 3109 3119-3122 3132 3134 3149-3150 3152 3159 3168-3169 3178 3187 3192 3196 3217 3220 3228 3281 3284 4687 4696 4698-4699 4702 4720-4721 4725 16444-16445 16447 16482-16483 16486-16487 16492 16494 16576-16577 21769 21771 21786 21796-21797 21808 22813-22815 22837 22839 22860 22862-22863 22884 22886 22891 22906 22980-22981 23689 23691 23713 23715 23724-23725 23727 24339 24344-24345 37586-37587 37886-37887 39175 39181-39183 39192 39194-39195 39205 39207 39224 39252https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/944/39?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/944/39/table1*Clusters in this studyrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClusterCluster identifier (as in Tables 3 and 4)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryf_Cluster[a] a: added by CDS from Paper I (Healy & McCullough 2020, J/ApJ/903/99) and II (Healy+ 2021, J/ApJ/923/23)meta.code;meta.id;meta.maincharANameAlternative name of the clustermeta.idcharGLON[14.9/273.9] Galactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLAT[-79.4/32.5] Galactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latu_Dist[~] Flag uncertainty on Distmeta.code.error;pos.distancecharDist[134.8/910] Distance via inversion of Gaia EDR3 parallaxespcpos.distancefloate_Dist[1.3/42]? Dist uncertaintypcstat.error;pos.distancefloatnullableu_Age[~] Flag uncertainty on Agemeta.code.error;time.agecharAge[4.9/455]? Age determined by this work (1)Myrtime.agefloatnullablee_Age[0.9/25]? Age uncertaintyMyrstat.error;time.agefloatnullableMassMass (range) estimatesolMassphys.masscharr_MassReference on Mass (2)meta.ref;phys.masscharRefvsini[9/14]? Source of vsini measurements (2)meta.bibintnullableThresh[5/12]? vsini threshold we established for each data set (see Section 3.4)km/sphys.veloc.rotat;stat.maxintnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decindexedNsNumber of stars for this cluster (link to Table 3)meta.numberintnullableNincNumber of inclinations measurements for stars in this cluster (link to Table 4)meta.numberintnullableCG18Display data from Cantat-Gaudin+ 2018, J/A+A/618/A93 within 14'meta.ref.urlcharPapIIDisplay data from Paper II (Healy+ 2021, J/ApJ/923/23)meta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/944/39/table3TESS-based rotation periods of stars in targeted clustersGaiaDR2Gaia DR2 source identifiermeta.id;meta.mainPMm[0.1/1] Membership probabilitystat.probability;meta.code.memberfloatBp-Rp[-0.18/3.7] Gaia DR2 Blue minus Red passband colormagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RfloatPer[0.22/14.6] Perioddtime.periodfloate_Per[0.0028/3.8] Uncertainty in Perdstat.error;time.periodfloatClusterCluster identifiermeta.id.parentcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaEDR3Gaia EDR3 source identifiermeta.id.crossTIC[4154225/818505977] TESS Input Catalog identifiermeta.id.crosslongRA_ICRSGaia EDR3 Right Ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=2016degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRS[-61.7/59.1] Gaia EDR3 Declination (ICRS) at Epoch=2016degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/944/39/table4Relevant quantities and determinations of the inclinations of open cluster membersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaDR2Gaia DR2 source identifiermeta.id;meta.mainGaiaEDR3Gaia EDR3 source identifiermeta.id.crossTIC[4205889/464839176] TESS Input Catalog identifiermeta.id.crosslongTeff[3182/15000] Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveinte_Teff[5/700] Uncertainty in TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectivefloatRad[0.37/2.72] Stellar radiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloate_Rad[0.0015/0.05] Uncertainty in RadsolRadstat.error;phys.size.radiusfloatvsini[5/124.2] Projected rotational velocitykm/sphys.veloc.rotatfloatClusterCluster identifiermeta.id.parentcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchare_vsini[0.2/17] Uncertainty in vsinikm/sstat.error;phys.veloc.rotatfloatPer[0.2/10] Perioddtime.perioddoublee_Per[0.0003/1.7] Uncertainty in Perdstat.error;time.perioddoublesini[0.048/2] Sine of the inclinationsrc.orbital.inclinationfloatE_sini[0.01/1] Upper uncertainty in sinistat.error;stat.max;src.orbital.inclinationfloate_sini[0.0079/1] Lower uncertainty in sinistat.error;stat.min;src.orbital.inclinationfloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main