J/ApJ/943/67ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/943/67doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19430067CDSSchindler J.-T.Banados E.Connor T.Decarli R.Fan X.Farina E.P.,Mazzucchelli C.Nanni R.Rix H.-W.Stern D.Venemans B.P.Walter F.2024-08-13T20:13:11Z2023-08-25T10:51:14ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frquasarsredshiftedabsolute-magnitudeinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomybroad-band-photometrysurveysWe present the z~6 type-1 quasar luminosity function (QLF), based on the Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) quasar survey. The PS1 sample includes 125 quasars at z~5.7-6.2, with -28<~M_1450_<~-25. With the addition of 48 fainter quasars from the SHELLQs survey, we evaluate the z~6 QLF over -28<~M_1450_<~-22. Adopting a double power law with an exponential evolution of the quasar density ({Phi}(z){propto}10^k(z-6)^; k=-0.7), we use a maximum likelihood method to model our data. We find a break magnitude of M^*^=-26.38_-0.60_^+0.79^mag, a faint-end slope of {alpha}=-1.70_-0.19_^+0.29^, and a steep bright-end slope of {beta}=-3.84_-1.21_^+0.63^. Based on our new QLF model, we determine the quasar comoving spatial density at z~6 to be n(M_1450_{<}-26)=1.16_-0.12_^+0.13^cGpc^-3^. In comparison with the literature, we find the quasar density to evolve with a constant value of k~-0.7, from z~7 to z~4. Additionally, we derive an ionizing emissivity of {epsilon}_912_(z=6)=7.23_-1.02_^+1.65^x10^22^erg/s/Hz/cMpc^3^, based on the QLF measurement. Given standard assumptions, and the recent measurement of the mean free path by Becker+ 2021MNRAS.508.1853B at z~6, we calculate an HI photoionizing rate of {Gamma}HI(z=6)~6x10^-16^s^-1^, strongly disfavoring a dominant role of quasars in hydrogen reionization.2023ApJ...943...67Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/943/67CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/260 : The SDSS-DR7 quasar catalog (Schneider+, 2010)II/349 : The Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR1 (Chambers+, 2016)VII/289 : SDSS quasar catalog, sixteenth data release (DR16Q) (Lyke+, 2020)J/AJ/131/2766 : Quasar luminosity function from SDSS-DR3 (Richards+, 2006)J/ApJ/699/782 : High-redshift SDSS-DR5 QSOs (Diamond-Stanic+, 2009)J/ApJ/746/169 : Luminosity function of broad-line quasars (Shen+, 2012)J/ApJ/768/105 : z~5 QSO LF from SDSS Stripe 82 (McGreer+, 2013)J/ApJ/773/14 : BOSS: quasar luminosity function (Ross+, 2013)J/MNRAS/449/4204 : WFC3/UVIS quasar-stacked spectrum at z=~2.4 (Lusso+, 2015)J/MNRAS/448/3167 : z>~5 AGN in Chandra Deep Field-South (Weigel+, 2015)J/ApJS/227/11 : PS1 z>5.6 quasars follow-up (Banados+, 2016)J/ApJ/823/95 : CANDELS GOODS-S Chandra counterparts (Cappelluti+, 2016)J/A+A/585/A87 : Quasar composite made from bright QSOs (Selsing+, 2016)J/ApJ/819/24 : z>4.5 QSOs with SDSS and WISE. I. Opt. spectra (Wang+, 2016)J/ApJ/829/33 : Luminous of high-z QSOs with SDSS and WISE. II (Yang+, 2016)J/ApJ/841/76 : Intrinsic far-IR SED of luminous AGNs (Lyu+, 2017)J/AJ/155/131 : z~5 quasar LF from the CFHTLS (McGreer+, 2018)J/ApJ/863/144 : ELQS in SDSS footprint. II. North Gal. (Schindler+, 2018)J/ApJ/887/268 : QSOs in Southern Hemisphere (QUBRICS) (Calderone+, 2019)J/MNRAS/488/1035 : AGN UV luminosity function (Kulkarni+, 2019)J/ApJ/871/258 : ELQS in SDSS. III. Full ELQS quasar cat. (Schindler+, 2019)J/ApJ/873/35 : Gemini GNIRS NIR sp. of QSOs at z>~5.7 (Shen+, 2019)J/ApJS/250/26 : Spectroscopic follow-up of the QUBRICS QSOs (Boutsia+, 2020)J/AJ/162/72 : Random forests method to discover high-z QSOs (Wenzl+, 2021)J/A+A/668/A27 : 24 new radio-bright quasars spectra (Gloudemans+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/943/67https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/943/67http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/943/67https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/943/67https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/943/67http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/943/67GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/943/67/table7 (Quasars and their properties used in the PS1 quasar luminosity function (QLF) analysis)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/943/67/table7?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/943/67/table7?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/943/67/table7?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true157.612975.415280.0055555555555555566/471 588 4279 4517 4620 4662 4831 5016 5369 5440 5444 5906 6083 6094 6646 7326 7550 7606 8384 8499 8505 8570 8632 8713 9102 9373 9392 9439 9469 9502 9560 9831 10369 10501 10627 10642 10756 11040 11126 11176 11393 11561 11916 12756 15086 15251 16005 16083 16597 17068 17105 17358 17362 17392 17504 17542 17654 17820 18088 18155 18242 18601 18665 19472 19501 20191 20273 20421 21872 21969 22609 22623 22643 22922 23102 25176 25375 25478 25669 25691 26069 26165 26239 26244 26296 26344 26451 26524 26870 27041 27073 27440 27700 27970 28124 28144 28332 28554 28561 29972 29977 30036 30906 31248 31318 31326 31493 32544 35675 35790 36007 36182 36300 36455 36847 40731 43895 44595 44743 44747 48313 48512 48899 48974https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/943/67?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/943/67/table7Quasars and their properties used in the PS1 quasar luminosity function (QLF) analysis_RAPositions from PS1 names (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from PS1 names (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPSOQuasar designation (JDDD.ddddd+DD.ddddd; <PSO JDDD.dddd+DD.dddd> in Simbad)meta.id;meta.maincharymag[19/21.5] Dereddened PS1 y-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatz[5.6/6.31] Spectroscopic redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatM1450[-27.5/-25.12] Calculated absolute magnitude, M_1450_magphys.magAbsfloatRefDiscovery reference(s)meta.ref;pos.framecharr_zRedshift measurement referencemeta.ref;pos.framecharpPapDisplay data from previous papers (Banados+ 2016, J/ApJS/227/11 and 2023, J/ApJS/265/29) if anymeta.ref.urlintnullablePS1Display data from PS1 (II/349) within 1"meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar