J/ApJ/940/27ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/940/27doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19400027CDSDorn-Wallenstein T.Z.Levesque E.M.Davenport J.R.A.Neugent K.F.,Morris B.M.Bostroem K.A.2025-07-18T20:13:19Z2024-11-25T09:30:27ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgiant-starsmagellanic-cloudseffective-temperatureinfrared-sourcesphotometryvisible-astronomyFast yellow pulsating supergiants (FYPS) are a recently discovered class of evolved massive pulsators. As candidate supergiant objects, and one of the few classes of pulsating evolved massive stars, these objects have incredible potential to change our understanding of the structure and evolution of massive stars. Here we examine the lightcurves of a sample of 126 cool supergiants in the Magellanic Clouds observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite in order to identify pulsating stars. After making quality cuts and filtering out contaminant objects, we examine the distribution of pulsating stars in the Hertzprung-Russel (HR) diagram, and find that FYPS occupy a region above logL/L_{sun}_>~5.0. This luminosity boundary corresponds to stars with initial masses of ~18-20M_{sun}_, consistent with the most massive red supergiant progenitors of supernovae (SNe) II-P, as well as the observed properties of SNe IIb progenitors. This threshold is in agreement with the picture that FYPS are post-RSG stars. Finally, we characterize the behavior of FYPS pulsations as a function of their location in the HR diagram. We find low-frequency pulsations at higher effective temperatures, and higher-frequency pulsations at lower temperatures, with a transition between the two behaviors at intermediate temperatures. The observed properties of FYPS make them fascinating objects for future theoretical study.2022ApJ...940...27Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/940/27CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/gcvs : General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+, 2007-2017)III/147 : Studies of LMC stellar content (Rousseau+ 1978)III/150 : Perkins Revised MK Types for the Cooler Stars (Keenan+ 1989)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)IV/38 : TESS Input Catalog - v8.0 (TIC-8) (Stassun+, 2019)IV/39 : TESS Input Catalog version 8.2 (TIC v8.2) (Paegert+, 2021)II/195 : Namelists of variable stars Nos.67-73 (Khopolov+, 1985-97)J/A+AS/24/35 : LMC A-F supergiants (Stock+, 1976)J/A+AS/30/261 : UBV and RVs of SMC Supergiants (Ardeberg+, 1977)J/A+A/363/L1 : The distance modulus of the LMC (Kovacs, 2000)J/AJ/119/2214 : Photometry of Magellanic OB associations (Massey+, 2000)J/A+A/456/623 : VLT-FLAMES survey of massive stars (Evans+, 2006)J/AJ/132/2268 : SAGE calibration stars (Meixner+, 2006)J/MNRAS/395/1409 : Type II-P SN progenitor constraints (Smartt+, 2009)J/ApJ/719/1784 : Yellow supergiants in the SMC (Neugent+, 2010)J/A+A/533/A4 : CoRoT photometry of three O-type stars (Blomme+, 2011)J/A+A/537/A146 : Stellar models with rot., Z=0.014 (Ekstrom+, 2012)J/ApJ/749/177 : Yellow and red supergiants in the LMC (Neugent+, 2012)J/other/Sci/337.444 : RV curves of Galactic massive O stars (Sana+, 2012)J/ApJ/746/16 : Modelling the convection zone (van Saders+, 2012)J/A+A/558/A103 : Stellar models with rot., Z=0.002 (Georgy+, 2013)J/A+A/558/A131 : Model sp. of hot stars at the pre-SN stage (Groh+, 2013)J/A+A/560/A16 : Comparison of evolutionary tracks (Martins+, 2013)J/A+A/550/A107 : RV catalogue of O stars in 30 Doradus (Sana+, 2013)J/ApJS/215/15 : SMaSH+: obs. and companion detection (Sana+, 2014)J/A+A/578/A3 : Supergiants in the MCs (Gonzalez-Fernandez+, 2015)J/ApJ/825/50 : Var. stars in M31 & M33. III. YSGs & RSGs (Gordon+, 2016)J/A+A/618/A137 : MC cool supergiants spectra (Dorda+, 2018)J/A+A/616/A12 : GaiaDR2 sources in GC & dSph (Gaia Collaboration+, 2018)J/AcA/68/89 : VI LCs of SMC type II Cepheids (Soszynski+, 2018)J/AJ/156/102 : TESS Input Cat. & Candidate Target List (Stassun+, 2018)J/other/NatAs/3.760 : Blue supergiants low-freq. gravity waves (Bowman+, 2019)J/ApJ/875/124 : Bin. red supergiants. II. B-type comp. (Neugent+, 2019)J/A+A/629/A91 : A source catalog for the SMC (Yang+, 2019)J/MNRAS/493/5871 : TESS A and B stars and the Maia variables (Balona+, 2020)J/A+A/640/A36 : OB stars TESS phot. & high-res. sp. (Bowman+, 2020)J/ApJ/902/24 : Evolved stars with TESS. II. (Dorn-Wallenstein+, 2020)J/ApJ/889/44 : UKIRT obs. of red supergiants in M31 (Neugent+, 2020)J/A+A/646/A141 : A source catalog for the LMC (Yang+, 2021)http://tess.mit.edu/observations/ : TESS observations webpagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/940/27https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/940/27http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/940/27https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/940/27https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/940/27http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/940/27GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/940/27/lmc (Fast yellow pulsating supergiants (Table B1), Pulsating stars below logL/L_{sun}_=5.0 (Table B3) and Nonpulsating stars (Table B5) identified in the LMC)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/940/27/lmc?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/940/27/lmc?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/940/27/lmc?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true85.05069622-69.668014690.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/940/27/smc (Fast yellow pulsating supergiants (Table B2), Pulsating stars below logL/L_{sun}_=5.0 (Table B4) and Nonpulsating stars (Table B6) identified in the SMC)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/940/27/smc?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/940/27/smc?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/940/27/smc?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true10.43103503-73.723301940.0055555555555555565/8274-8275 8278 6/33051-33053 33055 33076 33078 33090-33091 33094-33095 33106-33107 33120-33121 33124-33126 33293-33295 33298 33306 33317 33328https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/940/27?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/940/27/lmcFast yellow pulsating supergiants (Table B1), Pulsating stars below logL/L_{sun}_=5.0 (Table B3) and Nonpulsating stars (Table B5) identified in the LMCrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintOTFYPS=Fast yellow pulsating supergiants, PULS=Pulsating stars below logL/L_{sun}_=5.0 and NP=nonpulsating starssrc.classcharf0[0.038/29.9]? Highest amplitude recovered frequency (empty for nonpulsating stars)d**-1em.freq;src.varfloatnullabler_SpTReference for SpTmeta.ref;src.spTypecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNameCommon name of the starmeta.id;meta.maincharTIC[29984014/425084797] TIC numbermeta.idlongRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-73.8/-66.2] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainTmag[7.7/12] TESS magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatlogTeff[3.6/4.04] Log of effective temperature (1)log(K)phys.temperature.effective;em.IR.NIRfloatlogL[4.3/5.72] Log of the luminosity, logL/L_{sun}_ (1)log(solLum)em.IR.NIRfloatNf[1/30]? Number of frequencies recovered via iterative prewhitening (empty for nonpulsating stars)meta.numberintnullableSpTSpectral typesrc.spTypecharJ/ApJ/940/27/smcFast yellow pulsating supergiants (Table B2), Pulsating stars below logL/L_{sun}_=5.0 (Table B4) and Nonpulsating stars (Table B6) identified in the SMCTIC[29984014/425084797] TIC numbermeta.idlongRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-73.8/-66.2] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainTmag[7.7/12] TESS magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatlogTeff[3.6/4.04] Log of effective temperature (1)log(K)phys.temperature.effective;em.IR.NIRfloatlogL[4.3/5.72] Log of the luminosity, logL/L_{sun}_ (1)log(solLum)em.IR.NIRfloatNf[1/30]? Number of frequencies recovered via iterative prewhitening (empty for nonpulsating stars)meta.numberintnullablef0[0.038/29.9]? Highest amplitude recovered frequency (empty for nonpulsating stars)d**-1em.freq;src.varfloatnullableSpTSpectral typesrc.spTypecharr_SpTReference for SpTmeta.ref;src.spTypecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintOTFYPS=Fast yellow pulsating supergiants, PULS=Pulsating stars below logL/L_{sun}_=5.0 and NP=nonpulsating starssrc.classcharNameCommon name of the starmeta.id;meta.maincharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar