J/ApJ/939/84ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/939/84doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19390084CDSBaek G.Lee J.-E.Hirota T.Kim K.-T.Kyoung Kim Mi2025-09-22T20:10:41Z2025-05-14T13:31:55ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frstar-forming-regionsmolecular-physicsastrophysical-masersradio-astronomymillimeter-astronomysubmillimeter-astronomyRecent astrochemical models and experiments have explained that complex organic molecules (COMs; molecules composed of six or more atoms) are produced on the dust grain mantles in cold and dense gas in prestellar cores. However, the detailed chemical processes and the roles of physical conditions on chemistry are still far from understood. To address these questions, we investigated 12 high-mass star-forming regions using Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Band 6 observations. They are associated with 44/95GHz class I and 6.7GHz class II CH3OH masers, indicative of undergoing active accretion. We found 28 hot cores with COM emission among 68 continuum peaks at 1.3mm and specified 10 hot cores associated with 6.7GHz class II CH3OH masers. Up to 19 COMs are identified including oxygen- and nitrogen-bearing molecules and their isotopologues in cores. The derived abundances show a good agreement with those from other low- and high-mass star-forming regions, implying that the COM chemistry is predominantly set by the ice chemistry in the prestellar core stage. One clear trend is that the COM detection rate steeply grows with the gas column density, which can be attributed to the efficient formation of COMs in dense cores. In addition, cores associated with a 6.7GHz class II CH3OH maser tend to be enriched with COMs. Finally, our results suggest that the enhanced abundances of several molecules in our hot cores could be originated by the active accretion as well as different physical conditions of cores.2022ApJ...939...84Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/939/84CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/291/943 : Protostellar cores (Ossenkopf+, 1994)J/MNRAS/301/640 : Ultracompact H II regions studies. II. (Walsh+, 1998)J/A+A/403/1095 : 6.7GHz methanol masers survey of YSOs (Minier+, 2003)J/A+A/487/993 : MAMBO Mapping of c2d Clouds and Cores (Kauffmann+, 2008)J/ApJ/702/1615 : CH_3_OH maser survey of EGOs (Cyganowski+, 2009)J/ApJ/783/130 : Parallaxes of high mass star forming regions (Reid+, 2014)J/MNRAS/446/3461 : 6.7-GHz methanol masers-dust associations (Urquhart+, 2015)J/A+A/579/A91 : ATLASGAL inner Gal. massive cold dust clumps (Wienen+, 2015)J/ApJ/833/18 : Ultra-compact HII regions & methanol masers. I. (Hu+, 2016)J/A+A/601/A49 : CH_3_NHCHO rotational spectroscopy (Belloche+, 2017)J/ApJ/839/108 : YSOs in the star-forming regions W51 & W43 (Saral+, 2017)J/A+A/632/A57 : G328.2551-0.5321 spectra (Csengeri+, 2019)J/ApJ/883/129 : Star-forming regions toward NGC6334I (El-Abd+, 2019)J/A+A/632/A19 : IRAM intensity maps of 3 low-mass protostars (Taquet+ 2019)J/ApJ/900/L10 : The GOTHAM Large Project for TMC-1 (McGuire+, 2020)J/A+A/639/A87 : Complex organic mol. in protostars (van Gelder+, 2020)J/A+A/659/A69 : Di-deuterated methanol line list (Drozdovskaya+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/939/84https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/939/84http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/939/84https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/939/84https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/939/84http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/939/84GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/939/84/table1 (Summary of observation and target information)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/939/84/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/939/84/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/939/84/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true272.3508333-20.13527780.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/939/84/table2 (Summary of core detection in 1.3mm continuum)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/939/84/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/939/84/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/939/84/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true272.347-20.13533330.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/939/84/table3 (Summary of information at the peak of 216.946GHz CH_3_OH emission)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/939/84/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/939/84/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/939/84/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true272.3469583-20.13534440.0055555555555555566/29091 29513 29533 29535 30219 30245 30258-30259 30262 30694https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/939/84?format=asciiMillimeterRadiodefaultJ/ApJ/939/84/table1Summary of observation and target informationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRegTarget namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryf_Reg[e] E=region observed from offset of the phase centermeta.codecharRAJ2000Phase center of observation hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Phase center of observation degree of declination (J2000) (2)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainRAOff[-13.8/5.1] RA position offset from the phase center to the strongest continuum peak of the targetarcsecpos.eq.ra;arith.diffDEOff[-4.15/13.6] DEC position offset from the phase center to the strongest continuum peak of the targetarcsecpos.eq.dec;arith.difff_DEOff[d] Flag on DEOff (1)meta.code;pos.eq.dec;arith.diffcharrmsJ/ApJ/939/84/table2Summary of core detection in 1.3mm continuumRegRegion name as in Table 1meta.id.parentcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCoreCore identifier within Regmeta.id.part;meta.maincharRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainS/N[5/705] Signal-to-noise ratio (1)stat.snrintSpk[1.7/600.5] Peak intensitymJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloate_Spk[0.1/4] Spk uncertaintymJy/beamstat.error;phot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatTb[0.58/144] Brightness temperatureKphys.temperaturefloatNH2[1.6e+22/2.7e+25] Hydrogen column density, N_H2_ (2)cm**-2phys.columnDensitydoublee_NH2[5e+22/10e+25] Lower uncertainty on NH2cm**-2stat.error;stat.min;phys.columnDensitydoubleE_NH2[5e+22/10e+25] Upper uncertainty on NH2cm**-2stat.error;stat.max;phys.columnDensitydoubleSize1[0.3/0.8] Convolved source sizearcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatSize2[0.2/0.7] Convolved source sizearcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatPA[0.4/174.9] Position angle convolved source sizedegpos.posAngfloatFden[2/2118] Flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzinte_Fden[0.2/11.5] Fden uncertaintymJystat.error;phot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatMtot1[0.1/173.5] Total mass lower range (3)solMassphys.mass;stat.minfloatMtot2[0.7/2553.2] Total mass upper range (3)solMassphys.mass;stat.maxfloatJ/ApJ/939/84/table3Summary of information at the peak of 216.946GHz CH_3_OH emissionRegRegion name as in Table 1meta.id.parentcharRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainNH2[3.9e+23/1.3e+25] Hydrogen column density, N(H_2_) (1)cm**-2phys.columnDensitydoublee_NH2[4.2e+22/3.5e+23] Lower uncertainty on NH2cm**-2stat.error;stat.min;phys.columnDensitydoubleE_NH2[4.5e+22/4.5e+23] Upper uncertainty on NH2cm**-2stat.error;stat.max;phys.columnDensitydoublenuPk[9.8/113] Peak intensity, {nu}_peak_km/sspect.line.intensity;stat.maxfloatDelVoff[-6/4.1] Peak intensity, {Delta}{nu}_offset_km/sspect.line.intensity;arith.difffloatIpk[10/603] Peak intensity, I_peak_mJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCoreCore identifier within Regmeta.id.part;meta.maincharTb[3.3/142.3] Peak intensity, T_b_Kphys.temperaturefloatJ/ApJ/939/84/table4Methanol maser emission and hot core associationsRegRegion name as in Table 1meta.id.parentcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCoreCore identifier within Regmeta.id.part;meta.maincharem216.946GHz CH_3_OH emission (1)meta.codecharmas6.7GHz class II CH_3_OH maser (2)meta.codecharNcom[1/19]? Number of detected complex organic molecules (COMs) (3)meta.numberintnullable